NAB Residential Property Survey: Q4 2014 by NAB Group Economics Embargoed until: 11.30am Wednesday 21 January 2015 NAB Residential Property Index falls as house price expectations pared back and rents weaken. Sentiment softer in all states (and still deeply negative in WA). Almost 10% of all property is being purchased by first home buyers as an “investment”. Foreign buyers less active all states except VIC (now 1 in 3 of all new property sales). Over half of all foreign transactions are apartments, one-third houses and the balance re-development. Around 70% of all foreign purchases are properties valued less than $1mn; 5% in excess of $5mn. Survey highlights: NAB Residential Property Index fell to +12 points in Q4 (+19 in Q3). NSW overtook QLD as strongest state; sentiment notably lower in SA/NT and still deeply negative in WA. QLD and VIC most optimistic looking forward and WA weakest by some margin. Outlook for house prices over next 1-2 years pared back in all states (NAB also expects price growth to slow). Expectations for rents unchanged, with mildly stronger expectations in VIC and QLD masking softer outlooks in NSW and SA/NT. Foreign buyers in new property markets less active in all states, except VIC where they accounted for 32.5% (or 1 in 3) of all sales - a new high. Around 17% of FHBs in the new property market were for owner occupation and 8% for investment. Around 53% of foreign purchases were for apartments, 31% for houses and 16% for re-development. By price point, 40% of purchases were between $500k to <$1mn and 29% less than $500k. Around 5% were for premium property (+$5mn). Housing affordability, construction costs and a lack of development sites seen as the biggest constraints in new housing market, while employment security and price levels the biggest impediment to buying established property. Established property dominated by owner occupiers (42.6%). Local investors account for 22% of total demand, with FHBs (owner occupier) 16.1% with FHBs (investor) 9.3%. Foreign buyers more active (8.7%), led by NSW (11.3%) and VIC (12.8%). Prospects for capital growth over the next 12 months were pared back at all price ranges in both the established housing and apartment markets in Q4, except for apartments valued between $1-2mn. House price expectations weaken NAB also expects house prices to cool NAB Property Survey - House Price Expectations (%) % 4.0 % 20 2.0 15 0.0 10 -2.0 5 Victoria NSW Qld SA/NT Next 2 years Next 12 months Q4'14 Q3'14 Q2'14 Q1'14 Q4'13 Q3'13 Q2'13 Q1'13 Q4'12 Q3'12 Q2'12 Q1'12 Q4'11 Q3'11 Q2'11 Q1'11 Australia Next Qtr Expectations... Estimated price growth in relevant survey period... -4.0 Q3 Q4 Next Next 0 -5 -10 percentage changes represent through the year growth rates to Q4 2011 2012 Capital City Average WA NAB Residential Property Index Q2 NAB House Price Forecasts 2013 Sydney 2014 Melbourne 2015f Brisbane 2016f Adelaide Perth Foreign buyers less active in new housing markets Share of Demand for New & Existing Properties from Overseas Buyers Next % 2014 2014 2014 Qtr 1 yr 2 yrs VIC 36 36 21 30 51 49 NSW 32 30 29 29 37 32 QLD 27 37 28 46 58 58 SA/NT 18 29 -25 13 31 44 WA -29 -39 -34 -20 -3 16 Index 19 19 12 22 37 39 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Alan Oster, Chief Economist (03) 8634 2927 0414 444 652 (mobile) New Properties Robert De Iure, Senior Economist - Industry Analysis (03) 8634 4611 0477 723 769 (mobile) Q4'14 Q3'14 Q2'14 Q1'14 Q4'13 Q3'13 Q2'13 Q1'13 Q4'12 Q3'12 Q2'12 Q1'12 Q4'11 Q3'11 Q2'11 Q1'11 Q4'10 Q3'10 Q2'10 0 Established Properties Dean Pearson, Head of Industry Analysis (03) 8634 2331 0457 517 342 (mobile) National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 1 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Residential Property - Market Performance House price expectations The housing market is loosing steam as house price expectations soften in all states. National house prices now expected to grow just 1.5% in the next year (2.1% in Q3). Outlook strongest in VIC (2.2%), QLD (2.1%) and NSW (1.5%), with prices flat in SA/NT and falling in WA (-0.2%). Average national house prices to grow 1.8% in 2 years time (2.4% in Q3), with best prospects in QLD (2.7%), VIC (2.2%) and NSW (1.9%). House prices tipped to rise just 0.6% in WA and fall -0.2% in SA/NT. House Price Expectations (%) % Rental expectations Overall expectations for rents improved a little in Q4, but are still fundamentally weak. National rents now tipped to rise 0.8% next year (0.7% in Q3), led by mildly stronger expectations in VIC (1.4%) and QLD (1.3%). Prospects weakest in SA/NT (0.2%) and WA (-0.7%). National outlook for rents in next 2 years unchanged at 1.2%, with improvements in VIC (2%) and QLD (1.8%) masking softer outlooks in NSW (1%) and SA/NT (0.7%), and negative returns in WA (-0.1%). Rental Expectations (%) % 5.0 4.0 Q3'14 Q4'13 Q4'14 Q3'14 WA SA/NT NSW Australia Victoria WA SA/NT SA/NT WA NSW WA Qld Q4'13 Australia -2.0 Vic -1.0 Australia 0.0 -1.0 Vic 0.0 Qld 1.0 SA/NT 1.0 Australia 2.0 NSW 2.0 Vic 3.0 Next 2 years NSW Next 12 months 3.0 Qld Next 2 years Qld Next 12 months 4.0 Q4'14 NAB Residential Property Index With house prices weakening and rental growth sitting at its lowest level since the survey was first compiled, the NAB Residential Property Index fell to +12 points in Q4 (+19 points in Q3) to now sit below its long-term average (+14 points). Market sentiment weakened in all states in Q4, but was overall strongest in NSW (+29 points), QLD (+28 points) and VIC (+21 points). Sentiment weakened notably in SA/NT (-25 points) and is still deeply negative in WA (-34 points). The NAB Residential Property Index is expected to rise to +37 points next year and +39 points in 2 years time. Respondents from QLD and VIC are still the most optimistic overall, with sentiment among property professionals in WA tipped to remain weakest in the country - and by some margin. NAB Residential Property Index Index NAB Residential Property Index Index 60 80 50 60 40 40 30 20 20 0 10 -20 0 -40 NSW Q4'13 Queensland Victoria Australia Q3'14 SA/NT WA Q4'14 Australia Victoria NSW Qld SA/NT Next 2 years -50 Next Qtr -40 Next 12 months Q4'14 Q3'14 Q2'14 Q1'14 Q4'13 Q3'13 Q2'13 Q1'13 Q4'12 Q3'12 Q2'12 Q4'11 Q3'11 Q2'11 Q1'11 -30 Index value in... Index value in relevant survey period... -60 -20 Q1'12 -10 WA National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 2 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Residential Property - New Developments Demand for new properties by buyer Foreign buyers less prevalent in new housing markets in Q4. Foreign buyers accounted for 14.8% of demand (16.8% in Q3) with this share to remain broadly unchanged at 15% over the next year. Foreign buyers less active in all states, except VIC where they accounted for a record high 32.5% (or 1 in 3) of all sales - a new high. For the first time, we have split first home buyers (FHBs) into owner occupiers and investors. While around 17% of FHBs in new property were for owner occupation, around 8% (or about 1 in 12) of FHB purchases were for investment. Percentage Share of Buyers - New Developments 40 % 35 30 30 20 25 10 20 0 15 Q4'13 Q3'14 10 5 Q4'14 Victoria Australia NSW Qld Q4'14 Q3'14 Q2'14 Q1'14 Q4'13 Q3'13 Q2'13 Q1'13 Q4'12 Q3'12 Q2'12 Q1'12 Q4'11 Q3'11 Q2'11 Q1'11 Q4'10 0 Q2'10 Other Overseas Buyers Australian Investors Resident Owner Occupiers FHBs (imvestor) Other FHBs (owner occupier) Next 12 months Overseas Buyers Australian Investors FHBs (imvestor) FHBs (owner occupier) Resident Owner Occupiers Current Quarter Share of Demand for New Properties from Overseas Buyers (%) Q3'10 % 50 WA Type of Property Purchased by Foreign Buyers In this survey, we asked what type of property foreigners were buying. Nationally, 53% of foreign purchases were apartments, 31% houses and 16% for re-development. Interestingly, apartments made up just 44% of all purchases in VIC (54-57% in other states), with foreigners buying more houses in VIC (38%) than in other states. Type of Property Purchased by Foreign Investors (% share of total) % Type of Property Purchased by Foreign Investors by State (% share of total) 60 Dwelling/Land for Re-Development 16% Apartments 53% 50 40 30 20 10 0 Vic Houses 31% NSW Apartments Qld Houses SA/NT WA Dwelling/Land for Re-Development Price Range of Property Purchased by Foreign Buyer The majority of foreign buyers (40%) bought properties between $500k to <$1 million, with 29% buying properties less than <$500k. Around 5% of all sales were for premium property (+$5 million). There was however some variance between states. Whereas 18% of all sales nationally were in the $1-2 million range, it was as high as 25% in NSW. Also notable was the higher proportion of top end (+$5mn) property bought in QLD (7.6%). Price Range of Property Purchased by Foreign Investors (% share of total) $2mn to <$5mn 8% $5mn+ 5% Price Range of Property Purchased by Foreign Investors by State (% share of total) % 60 <$500k 29% $1mn to <$2mn 18% 50 40 30 20 10 0 $500k to <$1mn 40% Vic <$500k NSW $500k to <$1mn Qld SA/NT $1mn to <$2mn $2mn to <$5mn WA $5mn+ National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 3 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Demand for new property by type and location National demand for all types of new property softened in Q4, with a notable weakening in demand for new inner city houses (especially in VIC and WA) and low rise apartments (VIC and WA) and for houses in the middle/outer ring (VIC). Overall demand for new property was strongest for inner city high rise apartments (led by NSW and QLD), marginally ahead of inner city houses (NSW and QLD) and CBD apartments (NSW). Overall demand remains weakest for new high rise apartments located in the middle/outer rings, with demand for this property type especially weak in VIC. Looking forward, property professionals are anticipating a further softening in national demand for all types of new property next year. However, overall demand is still expected to remain “good” across all new property types and locations. More detail is available in the individual State reports. Demand for New Residential Developments Demand for New Residential Developments (current) (next 12 months) Inner City High Rise Apts Inner City Houses Inner City Houses Inner City High Rise Apts CBD Apartments CBD Apartments Inner City Low Rise Apts Middle/Outer RingLow Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Houses Middle/Outer Ring Houses Middle/Outer RingLow Rise Apts Inner City Low Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts 0.50 Poor 1.50 Q4'13 Fair 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good 4.50Excellent5.50 Q3'14 0.50 Poor 1.50 Q4'13 Q4'14 Fair 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good 4.50 Excellent5.50 Q3'14 Q4'14 Constraints on new housing development Housing affordability continues to be identified as the biggest constraint in new housing markets nationally, although slightly less so than in Q3. Construction costs (especially in NSW and to a lesser extent VIC) and a lack of development sites (mainly in NSW) are also considered to be “significant” constraints. With house prices slowing, concern over the sustainability of house price gains has moderated somewhat, although it is still a “significant” issue in NSW and VIC where median house prices are also highest in the country. Also notable was the “significant” and growing concern over the level of interest rates in VIC and labour availability in NSW. Constraints on New Housing Developments Constraints on New Housing Developments by State Labour Availability Labour Availability Rising Interest Rates Construction Costs Tight Credit for New Residential Development Housing Affordability Sustainability of House Price Gains Sustainability of House Price Gains Lack of Development Sites Lack of Development Sites Construction Costs Tight Credit for New Residential Development Housing Affordability Rising Interest Rates 0.50Not at all1.50Not Very2.50Somewhat3.50 Significant Q4'13 Q3'14 Significant Significant 4.50 Significant Q4'14 Very 5.50 Significant Somewhat Very SA/NT WA Significant 0.50Not at all1.50Not Very2.50 3.50 4.50 5.50 Significant Significant Significant Victoria NSW Qld Significant National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 4 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Residential Property - Existing Developments Demand for existing property Resident owner occupiers continue to dominate demand for established property with a market share of 42.6% (48.1% in Q3), followed by local investors, with a market share of 22% (25.2% in Q3). Although lower than our previous survey, these results may have been influenced by the split of FHBs into owner occupiers and investors. Property professionals estimate that FHBs (owner occupier) accounted for 16.1% of total demand for established property in Q4, with FHBs (investor) making up 9.3%. Foreign buyers were also slightly more active in established property markets in Q4, with their share of total national demand inching up to 8.7% (8.2% in Q3). Foreign buyer demand fell in QLD (6.1%) and WA (5.1%), but climbed to 11.3% in NSW and reached a new high of 12.8% in VIC. Percentage Share of Buyers - Existing Properties % 60 Current Quarter 50 Share of Demand for Existing Properties from Overseas Buyers (%) % Next 12 months 14 40 12 30 10 Q4'13 Q3'14 Q4'14 4 2 Australia Victoria NSW Qld Q4'14 Q3'14 Q2'14 Q1'14 Q4'13 Q3'13 Q2'13 Q1'13 Q4'12 Q3'12 Q2'12 Q1'12 Q4'11 Q3'11 Q2'11 Q1'11 Q4'10 0 Q2'10 Other Overseas Buyers Australian Investors Resident Owner Occupiers FHBs (investor) FHBs (owner occupier) Other Australian Investors Resident Owner Occupiers Overseas Buyers 6 FHBs (investor) 8 0 FHBs (owner occupier) 10 Q3'10 20 WA Demand for existing property by type At the national level, demand for all types of established property was assessed as “good” in Q4 and broadly unchanged from Q3, with demand strongest for established houses located in the inner city and middle/outer ring. Demand for existing residential property is expected to weaken across all market segments next year, with demand expected to soften most for houses in the middle/outer ring and inner city apartments. By state, demand for all types of established property continues to be “very good” in NSW, led by inner city houses, low and high rise apartments and CBD apartments. In contrast, demand for all types of established property in WA was assessed as only “fair”, mirroring very weak sentiment also seen in that state. Demand for Existing Residential Property Demand for Existing Residential Property by State (current) (current) Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts Middle/Outer RingLow Rise Apts CBD Apartments Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Low Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Houses Inner City High Rise Apts Inner City Low Rise Apts Inner City Low Rise Apts Inner City High Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Houses Inner City Houses Inner City Houses 0.50 Q4'13 CBD Apartments Poor 1.50 Fair 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good4.50 Excellent5.50 Q3'14 Q4'14 0.50 Victoria Poor 1.50 Fair NSW 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good4.50 Excellent5.50 Qld Demand for Existing Residential Property Demand for Existing Residential Property by State (next 12 months) (next 12 months) Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts Middle/Outer RingLow Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Low Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring High Rise Apts Inner City High Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Houses CBD Apartments Inner City Low Rise Apts Inner City Low Rise Apts Inner City High Rise Apts Middle/Outer Ring Houses Inner City Houses Inner City Houses 0.50 Q4'13 WA CBD Apartments Poor 1.50 Fair Q3'14 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good4.50 Excellent5.50 Q4'14 0.50 Victoria Poor NSW 1.50 Fair 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good4.50 Excellent5.50 Qld WA National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 5 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Capital growth expectations At the national level, capital growth expectations for the next 12 months were pared back at all price ranges in both housing and apartment markets in Q4, except for apartments valued at between $1-2 million where they improved slightly. Capital growth expectations were assessed as “good” for all houses <$1million and for apartments <$750k. Expectations for capital growth at all other price points were assessed as “fair”. By state, expectations for capital growth remain strongest in NSW across all price ranges, and significantly so in the apartment market. In contrast, capital growth prospects are now clearly weakest in WA at all price points, especially houses above $1 million and for apartments above $2 million, where prospects are considered “poor”. Capital Growth by Price - Established Houses Capital Growth by Price - Apartments (next 12 months) (next 12 months) $5,000,001+ $5,000,001+ $2,000,001 - $5,000,000 $2,000,001 - $5,000,000 $1,000,001 - $2,000,000 $1,000,001 - $2,000,000 $750,001 - $1,000,000 $750,001 - $1,000,000 $500,001 - $750,000 $500,001 - $750,000 $250,001 - $500,000 $250,001 - $500,000 Less than $250,000 Less than $250,000 0.50 Poor 1.50 Fair Q4'13 2.50 Good 3.50Very Good 4.50 Excellent 5.50 Q3'14 Q4'14 0.50 Poor Capital Growth: Established Houses by State $2,000,001 - $5,000,000 $2,000,001 - $5,000,000 $1,000,001 - $2,000,000 $1,000,001 - $2,000,000 $750,001 - $1,000,000 $750,001 - $1,000,000 $500,001 - $750,000 $500,001 - $750,000 $250,001 - $500,000 $250,001 - $500,000 Less than $250,000 Less than $250,000 1.50 Fair 2.50 NSW Good 3.50 Very Good 4.50 Excellent 5.50 Q4'14 (next 12 months) $5,000,001+ Poor 2.50 Good Capital Growth: Established Apartments by State $5,000,001+ 0.50 Fair Q3'14 (next 12 months) Victoria 1.50 Q4'13 Very Good 3.50 4.50 Excellent Qld 5.50 WA 0.50 Poor Victoria 1.50 Fair 2.50 NSW Good Very Good 3.50 4.50 Qld Excellent 5.50 WA Constraints on existing property With unemployment climbing and the economy slowing, employment security continues to be viewed as biggest (and growing) impediment to buying existing property nationally and in most states, especially in SA/NT and WA. NSW was the exception, with house price levels identified as the biggest impediment to buying an existing property. House price levels were also a “significant” factor nationally, led by NSW, VIC and QLD. In contrast, the level of constraint imposed on the market from a lack of stock was scaled back to “somewhat significant” in Q4, although it was still seen as a “significant” in NSW. The impact on the market from rising interest rates was unchanged in Q4, but property professionals saw relative returns from other investments as a bigger obstacle, especially in QLD. Major Constraints on Existing Property Major Constraints on Existing Property by State Employment Security Relative Returns on Other Investments Level of Prices Employment Security Access to Credit Level of Prices Relative Returns on Other Investments Lack of Stock Lack of Stock Access to Credit Rising Interest Rates Rising Interest Rates Not At All Not Very Somewhat Very 0.50 1.50 2.50 3.50 Significant 4.50 5.50 Significant Significant Significant Significant Q4'13 Q3'14 Q4'14 0.50 Victoria Not At All Not Very Somewhat Very 1.50 2.50 3.50 Significant 4.50 5.50 Significant Significant Significant Significant NSW Qld SA/NT WA National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 6 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Suburbs tipped to enjoy above average capital growth QUEENSLAND Brisbane, Gold Coast, New Farm, Toowoomba, West End WESTERN AUSTRALIA Baldivis, Belmont, Bentley, Kelmscott, Mandurah, Perth, Subiaco NEW SOUTH WALES Eastwood, Glebe, Manly, Marrickville, Newtown, Oran Park, Penrith, Ryde, Surry Hills, Sydney SOUTH AUSTRALIA Mile End, Norwood, Parkside VICTORIA Essendon, Glen Iris, Ringwood Survey R espondents Expectations House Prices Q2 14 Q3 14 Q4 14 Next qtr Next 1 yr Next 2 yrs VIC 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.2 NSW 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.9 QLD 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.3 2.1 2.7 SA/NT 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.3 WA -0.3 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.6 Australia 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.8 Q2 14 Q3 14 Q4 14 Next Qtr Next 1 yr Next 2 yrs VIC 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.4 2.0 NSW 0.5 0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.8 1.0 QLD 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.3 1.8 SA/NT 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 WA -2.0 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.1 Australia 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.8 1.2 Rents National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 7 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 NAB’s View of Residential House Prices With more signs emerging that the residential housing market is loosing steam, NAB Economics expects average capital city house prices to cool to around 4% over the year to end-2015 and 2% over the year to end-2016. Our assessment of the market remains that house price growth will continue to moderate because of rising unemployment, sluggish household income growth, affordability concerns, cost of living pressures and high levels of household debt. We are also forecasting two further interest rates cuts of 25 bps in March and 25 bps in August 2015 (bringing the official cash rate down to 2%) which should support house prices a little more than previously expected. Brisbane (5.7%) and Sydney (4.1%) are expected to lead the market for capital growth over the year to end-2015, followed by Melbourne (2.7%), Adelaide (2.1%) and Perth (1.8%). Brisbane (3.8%), Sydney (2.3%) and Melbourne (2.3%) are forecast to remain the best cities for capital gains in the year to end-2016, with house prices rising by just 2.2% in Adelaide and 1% in Perth. NAB Capital City House Price Forecasts* Year to end-December 2011 2012 2013 2014e 2015f 2016f Sydney -3.2 4.6 16.0 10.7 4.1 2.3 Melbourne -5.6 0.0 10.0 5.1 2.7 2.3 Brisbane -5.4 1.6 5.7 6.8 5.7 3.8 Adelaide -4.5 -0.2 5.1 4.9 2.1 2.2 Perth -4.1 6.2 8.3 2.7 1.8 1.0 Capital City Average -4.4 2.6 10.5 6.4 3.9 2.1 *percentage changes represent through the year growth rates About the Survey In April 2010, NAB launched the inaugural NAB Quarterly Australian Commercial Property Survey with the aim of developing Australia’s pre-eminent survey of market conditions in the Commercial Property market. The large external panel of respondents consisted of Real Estate Agents/Managers, Property Developers, Asset/Fund Managers and Owners/Investors. Given the large number of respondents who are also directly exposed to the residential market, NAB expanded the survey questionnaire to focus more extensively on the Australian Residential market. Around 300 panellists participated in the Q4 2014 Survey and the breakdown of our Survey respondents - by location, property sector and business type - are shown below. Respondents by State Western Australia 17% ACT 3% Tasmania 1% Respondents by Property Sector Hotels/ Entertainment 3% Victoria 24% Infrastructure 3% Other 8% Respondents by Business Type Office Property 16% Retail Property 14% SA/NT 8% Queensland 20% New South Wales 29% Residential Property 43% Industrial Property 13% Fund Managers Valuers (Real Estate) 7% 1% Owners/Investors in Real Property 16% Property Developers 14% Other 3% Real Estate Agents and Managers 41% Asset Managers/Property Operators 14% National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 8 NAB Residential Property Survey Q4 2014 Group Economics Alan Oster Group Chief Economist +61 3 8634 2927 Jacqui Brand Personal Assistant +61 3 8634 2181 Australian Economics and Commodities Rob Brooker Head of Australian Economics +61 3 8634 1663 James Glenn Senior Economist - Australia +(61 3) 9208 8129 Vyanne Lai Economist - Australia +(61 3) 8634 0198 Phinn Ziebell Economist - Agribusiness +(61 4) 75 940 662 Industry Analysis International Economics Dean Pearson Head of Industry Analysis +(61 3) 8634 2331 Tom Taylor Head of Economics, International +61 3 8634 1883 Robert De Iure Senior Economist - Industry Analysis +(61 3) 8634 4611 Tony Kelly Senior Economist - International +(61 3) 9208 5049 Brien McDonald Economist - Industry Analysis +(61 3) 8634 3837 Amy Li Economist - Industry Analysis +(61 3) 8634 1563 Gerard Burg Senior Economist - Asia +(61 3) 8634 2788 John Sharma Economist - Sovereign Risk +(61 3) 8634 4514 Karla Bulauan Economist - Industry Analysis +(61 3) 8641 4028 Global Markets Research Peter Jolly Global Head of Research +61 2 9237 1406 Australia Economics Spiros Papadopoulos Senior Economist +61 3 8641 0978 David de Garis Senior Economist +61 3 8641 3045 FX Strategy Ray Attrill Global Co-Head of FX Strategy +61 2 9237 1848 Emma Lawson Senior Currency Strategist +61 2 9237 8154 Interest Rate Strategy Skye Masters Head of Interest Rate Strategy +61 2 9295 1196 Credit Research Michael Bush Head of Credit Research +61 3 8641 0575 Simon Fletcher Senior Credit Analyst - FI +61 29237 1076 Equities Peter Cashmore Senior Real Estate Equity Analyst +61 2 9237 8156 Distribution Barbara Leong Research Production Manager +61 2 9237 8151 Rodrigo Catril Interest Rate Strategist +61 2 9293 7109 New Zealand UK/Europe Stephen Toplis Head of Research, NZ +64 4 474 6905 Nick Parsons Head of Research, UK/Europe, and Global Co-Head of FX Strategy +44207710 2993 Craig Ebert Senior Economist +64 4 474 6799 Doug Steel Senior Economist +64 4 474 6923 Kymberly Martin Senior Market Strategist +64 4 924 7654 Raiko Shareef Currency Strategist +64 4 924 7652 Gavin Friend Senior Markets Strategist +44 207 710 2155 Derek Allassani Research Production Manager +44 207 710 1532 Asia Christy Tan Head of Markets Strategy/Research, Asia +852 2822 5350 Yvonne Liew Publications & Web Administrator +64 4 474 9771 Important Notice This document has been prepared by National Australia Bank Limited ABN 12 004 044 937 AFSL 230686 ("NAB"). Any advice contained in this document has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on any advice in this document, NAB recommends that you consider whether the advice is appropriate for your circumstances. NAB recommends that you obtain and consider the relevant Product Disclosure Statement or other disclosure document, before making any decision about a product including whether to acquire or to continue to hold it. Please click here to view our disclaimer and terms of use. National Australia Bank - Group Economics | 9