National
Water
Resources
Board
Integrated Water Resources
Management
Susan P. Abano
Engineer IV
Policy and Program Division
National Water Resources Board
Outline
Philippines Water Resources Situationer
„ IWRM as a Framework to Achieve
Sustainable Water for All
„ IWRM Plan Framework
„ Next Steps (IWRM Operational Planning
and Localization)
„
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Philippine Water Resources
I: Ilocos
II: Cagayan Valley
Land area : 300,000 sq. km.
Annual Average rainfall :
2,400 mm
III: Central Luzon
The Philippines has
ƒ
421 principal river basins
ƒ
20 are major river basins
V: Bicol
IV: Southern Tagalog
Surface water dependable water
supply
pp y
125,790 MCM (80% probability)
The recharge or extraction
potential of groundwater is
estimated at 20,200 MCM per
year
VI: Western
Visayas
VII: Central
Visayas
IX: Southwestern
Mindanao
XII: Southern
Mindanao
VIII: Eastern
Visayas
X: Northern
Mindanao
XI: Southeastern
Mindanao
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Water Availability
35,000
30 000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Water Potential
Projected Demand by 2025
Water Allocated as of Dec. 2006
Source: NWRB, List of Water Permittees, Dec. 2006
JICA Master Plan on Water Resources
Management in the Philippines, 1998
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Water: A vital resource under threat
Population
p
g
growth,, increased economic activity
y and
improved standards of living are placing tremendous
pressures both on the resource supply and service
delivery systems
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Rapid Population Growth and Aggressive
Development Pose Huge Threat to Water
6 Increasing water
demand together
with insufficient
water infrastructure
threatens to
outstrip sustainable
l
levels
l off supply
l
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Rapid Population Growth . . . (cont. .)
Over-extraction of groundwater due to
Overincreased in water demand resulted to:
6 decline in groundwater levels or drying
up of wells or springs
6 contamination of wells by salt water
intrusion in coastal areas
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Rapid Population Growth . . . (cont. .)
Rapid Urban development resulted to:
6 decreasing aquifer recharge cause by
land development
6 Increasing peak flows and runrun-off
causing flooding/inundation in roads
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Threats from Domestic, Agricultural
and Industrial Waste
Groundwater Contamination
Leaching of industrial,
agrochemicals and
animal wastes in agroagroindustrial areas
Preliminary data indicate up to
58% of groundwater intended for
drinking water supplies are
contaminated with total coliform
SubS b-surface
Sub
f
discharges
di h
from latrines and septic
systems and infiltration of
polluted urban runrun-off
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Threats from Domestic. . . (cont. . )
Surface Water Pollution
50 rivers
i
(12%) off th
the 421 rivers
i
iin th
the country
t are
considered biologically dead
Only one third (36%) of our river systems/ surface
water areas are potential sources for drinking
water
Blockage of waterways reduces the rivers’ carrying
capacity
it
Direct dumping of domestic solid
waste in rivers and lakes
created adverse impact on
water quality and availability
Wastewater discharges from
domestic and industries to
bodies of water contaminate
water bodies
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Threats from Watershed Degradation
6 Deforestation causes
ca ses
soil erosion and siltation
/sedimentation of rivers,
lakes including
reservoirs affecting the
water quality and limiting
the flow capacity of
these water bodies
Onlyy 5.4 M ha
ha.. out of 15
15..88 M ha
ha.. of the
country’s forestland areas are covered with
forests and fewer than a million hectares of
these are left with old growth forests.
forests.
Sediment fills lakes and ponds,
obstructs waterways, and clogs
storm sewers, ditches, and water
supply intakes
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Threats from Watershed Degradation (cont. .)
6 Denudation of forest
and watershed
increases runrun-off
causing flash flood in
mountainous areas
When the flow capacity of the
stream is exceeded, the channel
overflows and the result is a
flash flood
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
The Threats of Climate Change
and Global Warming
Global warming is the rise in global
temperatures due to an increase of heattrapping carbon emissions in the atmosphere.
Climate change, refers to changes (at different
rates and different ways) in many climatic
f t
factors
such
h as temperature
t
t
and
d precipitation
i it ti
around the world.
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
The Threats of Climate Change (cont. .)
6 Increased intensity and frequency
of storm (La Niña) and drought
(El Niño)
6 Variation in streamflow and
groundwater recharge affecting
water quality and seasonal water
availability
Seven extreme tropical
cyclone/southwest monsoon
induced extreme events occurred
in 1991 to late 2004
6 Higher temperatures affecting
water quality (such as
eutrophication)
6 Sea Level rise causing saltwater
intrusion into surface and ground
water, affecting the amount and
quality of water supplies
The worst drought occurred in
1997--1998 El Niño, resulted in
1997
severe water shortage in M.Mla
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
To respond to these challenges and ensure
that demand does not overrun supply,
there should be a balancing
g act to ensure
that the economic growth and
development does not jeopardize the
viability and integrity of our ecosystems
both in the present and future
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Integrated Water Resources Management
is a collaborative process
which promotes the coordinated development
and management of water, land and related
resources within hydrological boundaries,
in order to maximize the resultant economic
and social welfare in an equitable manner
p
g the sustainability
y of
without compromising
vital ecosystems.
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
IWRM Principles
(1992 Dublin International Conference on Water and the Environment)
1.
Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource,
essential to sustain life, development and the
environment.
2.
Water has an economic value in all its competing
uses and should be recognised as an economic
good.
3.
Water development and management should be
based on a participatory approach, involving users,
planners and policymakers at all levels.
4.
Women play a central part in the provision,
management and safeguarding of water resources.
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Cross-Sectoral Integration
Agriculture use
Domestic and
Industrial
use
Recreational use
Natural Preservation
Fishery use
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
IWRM is a whole water cycle
Management
Discharge
wastewater
Water
Supply
Extraction
Salt Water Intrusion
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Traditional vs IWRM Approach
Characteristic
Traditional
IWRM
Scope
Sectoral/Project
Sectoral/Projectfocused
Integrated
Approach to solving
problems
Taking into
consideration sectoral
need and benefit
All related sectors are
taken into consideration
Conflict resolution
Solve conflicts between Solve conflicts between
users not uses
users and uses
Limited participation
Broad participation
Involvement of
stakeholders
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Adoption of IWRM
The strongest push for the widespread adoption
of IWRM came from the World Summit on
Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in
Johannesburg in 2002. The Philippines, along
with other world governments recommitted to the
UN Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and
agreed to formulate and implement their
respective IWRM and water efficiency plans by
2005
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Philippines IWRM Plan Framework Formulation Process
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Development of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plan
commenced in January 2006
Creation of Steering Committee to provide guidance, support
and approve plan
A Multi-Sectoral
Multi Sectoral Task Force was created to undertake the
preparation of the plan
Conducted Multi-sectoral task force workshops and
conferences
Consultation-workshop with Non-Government and Civil
Society Organizations
Multi-Sectoral Consultations on the proposed IWRM and
Water Efficiency Improvement Plans in the Visayas and
Mindanao
Presentation of the Draft IWRM Plan in the IWRM-SEA
Project Meeting in Thailand. It generated positive feedback on
the scope, planning process and multi-stakeholders approach
Launching and presentation of the IWRM Plan Framework in
January 26, 2007 to key stakeholders (NGAs, donor agencies,
NGOs, Academe)
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Structure of the Integrated Water Resources Management
Plan Framework
Identified Sustainable Outcomes that reflect our development
aspirations for IWRM
„
„
„
„
Effective Protection and Regulation for Water Security and
Ecosystem Health (Water Allocation,
Allocation Groundwater
Management, Achieving Clean and Healthy Water,
Managing and Mitigating Risks from Climate Change and
Water Related Disasters)
Sustainable Water Resources and Responsive Services for
Present and Future Needs (Water conservation, Water
Supply and Sanitation services)
Improved Effectiveness, Accountability and Synergy among
Water Related Institutions and Stakeholders (Water
Governance, Knowledge Management, Capacity Building)
Adaptive and Proactive Response to Emerging/ Future
Challenges (Water Sensitive Design, Water Rights Trading)
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Next Steps: Operational Planning and Localization (Key
Milestones)
„
Launching and Commitment Setting- promote the widest dissemination of
the plan framework across all stakeholders to ensure shared understanding
and commitment to pursue, adopt, integrate and implement IWRM
„
Establish a Technical support Base for IWRM Implementationresponsible for development of toolkits and templates to facilitate localization
that will entail preparation of operational plans at the regional, provincial,
municipal and community levels.
„
Operational Planning – different agencies and institutions should ensure that
relevant components and dimensions in the IWRM are integrated in their plans
and that they should conduct joint planning and complementation meetings
that these initiatives become part of the plans of the cooperating partner
agencies
„
Localization – the main challenge for the localization of IWRM is to ensure
that local government units initiate IWRM planning and follow through with the
implementation of their respective IWRM plans. Plans of NGAs should be
aligned with the thrusts and directions of LGUs.
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Getting together is a start,
Working together is progress,
Staying together is success!
A quote by Secretary Angelo Reyes during his keynote address delivered during the
launching of the National IWRM Plan Framework held last January 26, 2007
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD