IP Kinase Activity Assay Kit Catalog # KNZ7051 Omnia® Plate IP Kit for Syk www.invitrogen.com Invitrogen Corporation Carlsbad, California 92008 Tel: 800-955-6288 E-mail: techsupport@invitrogen.com 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................. Principle of the Method................................................................. Reagents Provided ........................................................................ Safety Precautions ....................................................................... Supplies Required But Not Provided ............................................. Procedural Notes ......................................................................... Protocol and Recommended Assay Procedures........................... A. Cell Lysis Buffer Preparation ........................................ B. Extraction of Proteins from Cells................................... C. Assay Reagent Preparation ............................................ D. Assay Procedure ............................................................ Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk Sample Data ................................................................................ References ................................................................................... Patents, Trademarks, Limitations of Use..................................... 3 Rev. A1 10/12/07 PR418 4 5 8 9 9 11 12 12 12 14 16 17 21 22 INTRODUCTION Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a critical component of immunoreceptor signaling following activation of B cell receptor or Fc receptors in B cells, mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils1,2. It couples immunoreceptors to transduction pathways that regulate phagocytosis, cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, and motility. It also controls calcium mobilization, phospholipase C function, Akt survival pathway in B cells and integrin signaling in hematopoietic cells via both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent processes3,4. Besides blood cells, Syk is widely expressed in other cell types, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, and vascular endothelial cell lines, where it plays a variety of roles that are not yet completely understood. Syk is activated upon binding to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motif (ITAM)5. It contains two Src Homology 2 domains located on the amino-terminal end of the protein. There are multiple tyrosine residues in Syk that are auto-phosphorylated after its activation. Phosphorylation at these tyrosine residues provides interaction sites for the SH2 domain and regulates enzymatic activity in other molecules in the downstream signaling pathway6. 4 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD The Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk is designed to measure the kinase activity of Syk in cell lysates. This kit uses a Syk-specific antibody to capture the target and separate it from the complex mixture of proteins in a crude cell lysate. The phosphotransferase (kinase) activity of the captured Syk is measured by using a novel peptide substrate which contains the chelation-enhanced fluorophore, 8-hydroxy-5-(N,N-dimethyl sulfon-amido)-2methylquinoline (referred to as SOX7) in a real-time kinetic measurement mode. Sox is an unnatural amino acid that can be prepared as an Fmoc protected derivative and has been incorporated into the Syk substrate peptide (Omnia® Tyr Peptide 7) using standard solid-phase peptide chemistry8. Upon phosphorylation of the peptide by Syk, Mg++ is chelated to form a bridge between the Sox moiety and the phosphate group that is added by Syk to the tyrosine residue within the peptide, resulting in an instantaneous increase in fluorescence when the kinase reaction mixture is excited at 360 nm and the emission is measured at 485 nm7. 5 A. B. C. 12000 Relative Fluorescence Units Relative Fluorescence Units 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 290 310 330 350 370 Wavelength, nm 390 410 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 410 460 510 560 610 Wavelength, nm 6 Figure 1. A. Schematic view of Mg++ chelation by Sox and the phosphate group on the modified serine, threonine, or tyrosine residue in the resulting phosphopeptide. B. Fluorescence excitation spectra of Sox Akt1 peptide substrate (lower curve) and Sox Akt1 phosphopeptide product (upper curve) in the presence of 15 mM MgCl2, as measured using an emission wavelength of 485 nm. C. Fluorescence emission spectra of Sox Akt1 peptide substrate (lower) and Sox Akt1 phosphopeptide product (upper) in the presence of 15 mM MgCl2, showing the characteristic 10-fold increase in fluorescence upon phosphorylation, as measured using a constant excitation wavelength of 360 nm. The non-phosphorylated version of the Sox-modified peptide substrate has a very low affinity for Mg++ (KD = 100 – 300 mM). The affinity for Mg++ increases dramatically upon phosphorylation (KD = 4 – 20 mM). Therefore, upon phosphorylation, most of the phosphopeptide exists in the Mg++-chelated, fluorescent state in the presence of 15 mM MgCl2. 7 REAGENTS PROVIDED Note: Store ATP, DTT, Tyr Peptide 7, Tyr Phosphopeptide 7 and Cell Lysis Buffer at -80°C, all other reagents at 2 to 8°C. We recommend that the vials provided be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. The Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk is designed to allow 96 assays (in 100 µL assay volume) to be performed in a 96-well plate. Description Cell Lysis Buffer (1x) Formula Amount Proprietary formulation developed to 30 mL provide optimum enzyme activity Wash Buffer (10x) Proprietary formulation developed to provide optimum enzyme activity 15 mL Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer (10x) Proprietary formulation developed to provide optimum enzyme activity* 10 mL Anti Syk Antibody-Coated Wells 12 x 8 well strips Tyr Peptide 7 (50x) Sox modified peptide substrate for Syk, 1 mM solution in water Tyr Phosphopeptide 7 (50x) Sox modified Syk phosphopeptide, 1 mM solution in water (positive control) ATP Solution (100x) 100 mM ATP solution in water* DTT Solution (500x) 100 mM DTT solution in water* Adhesive Plate Cover Strips Clear plastic sealing tape * These solutions contain 0.05% sodium azide as a preservative. 96 wells 200 µL 20 µL 100 µL 200 µL 3 8 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS This kit contains small quantities of sodium azide. Sodium azide reacts with lead and copper plumbing to form explosive metal azides. Upon disposal, flush drains with a large volume of water to prevent azide accumulation. Avoid ingestion and contact with eyes, skin and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse affected area with plenty of water. Observe all federal, state and local regulations for disposal. All biological materials should be handled as potentially hazardous. Follow universal precautions as established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration when handling and disposing of potentially hazardous materials. SUPPLIES REQUIRED BUT NOT PROVIDED 1. 2. 3. 4. 9 Fluorescence microplate reader capable of excitation wavelength at 360 nm, emission wavelength of 485 nm, and measurements in a kinetic manner (e.g., ability to take readings every 30 seconds over a 5 hour time period). This kit was developed using a SpectraMax M5® microplate reader from Molecular Devices, although other comparable instruments are acceptable. Calibrated adjustable precision pipettes with disposable plastic tips. A manifold multi-channel pipette is desirable for processing a large number of assays. Ultrapure (18MΩ) deionized H2O. Plastic tubes with low protein binding for diluting and aliquoting assay components. 5. Protease and phosphatase inhibitors. We recommend Sigma Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Cat. # P-8340) and Sigma Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails (Cat. # P-2850, P-5726). 6. Recombinant Syk enzyme (available from Invitrogen, Cat. # PV3857) can be used for positive experimental controls and to compare the Syk activity from cell lysates. 7. Rocking platform, shaker or rotator with a rate of 5 to 100 oscillations per minute. 8. Ultrasonic homogenizer or 19 gauge needle and 5 mL syringes for breaking up the cells. 9. Microcentrifuge with a spin speed up to 14,000 rpm (18,000 x g). 10. Quantitative protein assay kits. We recommend the Quant-iTTM Assay Kit from Invitrogen (Cat. # Q33210). 10 PROCEDURAL NOTES 1. When not in use, certain kit components need to be stored at -80°C. Please follow the recommendations for storage condition as required. All frozen reagents should be thawed on ice before use. 2. Microtiter plate strips should be allowed to equilibrate to room temperature before opening the foil bags. Once the desired number of strips is removed, immediately reseal the bag and store at 2 to 8°C to maintain plate integrity. 3. Samples should be frozen if not analyzed shortly after collection. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles of frozen samples. Thaw completely and mix well prior to analysis. 4. If particulate matter is present, centrifuge or filter prior to analysis. 5. All standards, controls, and samples should be run in duplicate. 6. When pipetting reagents, maintain a consistent order of addition from well-to-well. This ensures equal incubation times for all wells. 7. Cover or cap all reagents when not in use. 8. Do not mix or interchange different reagent lots from various kit lots. 9. Do not use reagents after the kit expiration date. 10. The starting time for reading the fluorescence signal in a plate reader can be varied from 0 to 1 hour, depending on the quantity of Syk present in the cell lysate used in the study. 11. All residual wash liquid must be drained from the wells by efficient aspiration or by decantation followed by tapping the plate firmly on absorbent paper. Never insert absorbent paper directly into the wells. 11 PROTOCOL AND RECOMMENDED ASSAY PROCEDURES A. Procedure for Cell Lysis Buffer Preparation The Cell Lysis Buffer provided in this kit (also available separately, Cat. # CE001A) needs to be supplemented with phosphatase inhibitors (such as Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails, Sigma Cat. # P-2850, P-5726) and protease inhibitors (such as PMSF or AEBSF, 1 mM; Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Sigma Cat. # P-8340) according to manufacturer’s recommendations. This buffer is stable for 2 to 3 weeks at 4°C or for up to 18 months at -20°C (without protease or phosphatase inhibitors added). When stored frozen, the Cell Lysis Buffer should be thawed on ice. Important: Add the protease inhibitors just before using. The stability of protease inhibitor supplemented Cell Lysis Buffer is 24 hours at 4oC. PMSF is very unstable and must be re-added just prior to use, even if added previously. B. Procedure for Extraction of Proteins from Cells When using the Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk to determine Syk activity in cell lysates, we recommend the following procedure for sample preparation. This protocol has been successfully applied to several cell lines of human and mouse origin. Researchers should optimize the cell extraction procedures for their own applications. 1. 2. Thaw Cell Lysis Buffer on ice. Set up and stimulate cells as desired. 12 3. Collect cells in cold PBS by centrifugation (for non-adherent cells) or scraping from culture plates (for adherent cells). 4. Centrifuge the cells at 1,500 rpm for 5 minutes at 4°C. 5. Aspirate the PBS. 6. Resuspend the cell pellet in 1x Cell Lysis Buffer and transfer the lysate to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. The volume of Cell Lysis Buffer depends on the cell number and expression level of Syk. The optimal protein concentration of lysate should be in the range of 5 to 20 mg/mL or approximately 20 – 80 x 106 cells/mL. Add an appropriate amount of protease and phosphatase inhibitor (typically provided as a 100x stock solution) before using. Under these conditions, using 10 µL (50-200 µg) of the clarified cell extract should be sufficient for measurement of Syk activity. 7. Lyse the cells at 4°C for 30 minutes on a rotator. Whole cell extract then can be briefly sonicated or put through a syringe and needle if desired. 8. Centrifuge at 13,000 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C. 9. Transfer the clarified cell extracts to clean microcentrifuge tubes. Determine the total protein concentration using an accepted procedure (Such as the Quant-iTTM Assay Kit from Invitrogen (Cat. # Q33210). 10. The clarified cell extract should be stored at -80°C until ready for analysis. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. In preparation for performing the assay, allow the samples to thaw on ice. Mix well prior to analysis. 13 C. Procedure for Assay Reagent Preparation Prior to setting up the individual reactions, the following solutions must be prepared: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Wash Buffer (prepare 1x stock): Dilute an appropriate amount of the 10x Wash Buffer Concentrate 10-fold with ultrapure water (e.g., 5 mL of 10x Wash Buffer + 45 mL of ultrapure water). Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer (prepare 1x stock): Dilute an appropriate amount of the 10x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer 10-fold with ultrapure water and add DTT (provided) to a final concentration of 0.2 mM (e.g., 500 µL of 10x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer + 10 µL of 100 mM DTT solution + 4,490 µL ultrapure water). Tyr Peptide 7 (prepare 100 µM stock): Dilute an appropriate amount of the provided peptide solution (1 mM) 10-fold with 1x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer (e.g., 10 µL of 1 mM peptide + 90 µL of 1x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer). ATP Solution (prepare 2 mM stock): Dilute an appropriate amount of 100 mM ATP solution 50-fold with 1x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer (e.g., 10 µL of 100 mM ATP + 490 µL of 1x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer). Cell lysates: Dilute the lysate to 0.5 to 1 mg/mL total protein with Cell Lysis Buffer. The amount of cell lysate protein used in the assay varies depending on the quantity and activity of Syk in the individual cell line. 14 6. 15 Syk kinase: Recombinant Syk enzyme can be used as a positive control to quantify the activity of Syk in the cell lysates. We recommend using the product from Invitrogen (Cat. # PV3857). Dilute the Syk kinase to 4 ng/µL with 1x Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer and store on ice until use. We recommend using 10 to 50 ng of Syk prepared in 10 µL of Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer for each reaction. D. Assay Procedure Be sure to read the Procedural Notes section before carrying out the assay. Thaw frozen reagents on ice. Allow all reagents to reach room temperature before use. Gently mix all liquid reagents prior to use. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Add 100 µL of cell lysate containing 25 - 100 µg of total protein prepared in Cell Lysis Buffer to each sample well in the Syk antibody coated plate strips. Seal the plate with Adhesive Plate Cover Strips and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours. Remove and discard the cell lysate from wells and wash plate 4 times with 200 µL of Wash Buffer. Aspirate or decant Wash Buffer, and remove any residual liquid between washes by tapping the plate firmly on absorbent paper. Add 30 µL of Tyr Kinase Reaction Buffer, 20 µL of Tyr Peptide 7 (100 µM), and 50 µL of ATP (2 mM). The final concentration of Tyr Peptide 7 in the reaction mixture is 20 µM and the final concentration of ATP is 1 mM. The final volume of the reaction is 100 µL. Incubate at 30ºC for 1 hour. Transfer the plate to a fluorescence plate reader (such as SpectraMax M5® by Molecular Devices or comparable instrument). Read the fluorescence values of each well every 30 seconds at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 485 nm for up to 5 hours at 30ºC in a kinetic mode. 16 OMNIA® PLATE-BASED IP KINASE ASSAY KIT FOR Syk SAMPLE DATA Note: All fluorescence intensity data are represented by relative fluorescence units (RFU). These values are highly instrument and assay dependent, and should not be considered to represent values that are universally applicable to all users on all fluorescence detection instruments. 5000 4000 3000 RFU Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate, 100 µg Control RAMOS Lysate, 100 µg 2000 Peptide only, No Lysate 1000 0 0 30 60 90 120 Time (minutes) Figure 2. Measurement of Syk Activity in Crude Lysates from Anti-IgM Antibody Treated or Control RAMOS Cells. RAMOS cells were seeded in 100 mm dishes and grown in RPMI 1640 medium with 2 mM L-glutamine plus 10% fetal bovine serum until 90% confluent. The cells were then incubated overnight in serum-free medium to induce quiescence, followed by treatment with rabbit anti-human IgM antibody (Invitrogen, Cat. No. 62-7500; 20 µg/mL, 10 min) or control media. Cell lysates were prepared and Syk activity was assayed as described in the Assay Procedure section (Page 16). The anti-IgM antibody treated sample showed a reaction rate of 0.41 RFU/sec, whereas the control treated sample had a markedly reduced rate of less than 0.01 RFU/sec. The assay control group (peptide only) also had reaction rates of less than 0.01 RFU/sec. 17 A. 5000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate, 100 µg Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate, 50 µg 4000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate, 25 µg 3000 RFU Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate, 12.5 µg Control RAMOS Lysate, 100 µg 2000 Control RAMOS Lysate, 50 µg Control RAMOS Lysate, 25 µg 1000 Control RAMOS Lysate, 12.5 µg 0 Peptide Only, No Lysate Control 0 30 60 90 120 Time (minutes) 3000 B. 2500 RFU 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Lysate (µg) Figure 3. Comparison of the Syk Activity Using Different Amounts of Cell Lysate. A. Rabbit anti human IgM antibody-treated RAMOS cell lysates were tested to compare their Syk activity in increasing amounts of total cell lysate protein (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 µg) as described in the Assay Procedure Section. B. Using 120 minutes as an arbitrary time point, the graph shows that the fluorescence signals produced by these samples are directly proportional to the amount of the protein (from 0 to 100 µg) in the sample, with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.94. 18 5000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate - 1 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate - 2 4000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate - 3 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate - 4 RFU 3000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate - 5 Control RAMOS Lysate - 1 2000 Control RAMOS Lysate - 2 Control RAMOS Lysate - 3 1000 Control RAMOS Lysate - 4 Control RAMOS Lysate - 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 Time (minutes) Figure 4. Reproducibility of the Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk. Replicates (n = 5) of rabbit anti-human IgM antibody treated RAMOS cell lysate or untreated lysate control samples (100 µg each) were tested for their Syk kinase activity as described in the Assay Procedure Section. The anti-IgM antibody treated group showed reaction rates of 0.47 ± 0.02 RFU/sec (% CV = 4.3%), whereas the control group had reaction rates of less than 0.01 RFU/sec, illustrating the high precision obtained with the Omnia® platform. 19 5000 Anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate (100 µg) 3000 Non-specific IgG Depleted anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate (100 µg) 2000 Syk- Specific Ab. Depleted anti-IgM Ab. Treated RAMOS Lysate Lysate (100 µg) 1000 Peptide Only Control, No Lysate RFU 4000 0 0 30 60 90 120 Time (minutes) Figure 5. Specificity of the Omnia® Plate-Based IP Kinase Assay Kit for Syk. Rabbit anti-human IgM antibody treated RAMOS cell lysate (100 µg) were incubated with non-specific mouse IgG antibody (0.5 µg, LabVision), or Syk specific antibody (0.5 µg, LabVision) for 16 hours at 4°C. Agarose beads (20 µL, 50% slurry) were then added to the incubation mixtures which were then agitated on a rocking platform at 4°C for 2 hours. The incubation mixtures were then centrifuged to remove Syk protein as an immune complex from the lysate. The immunodepleted lysates were then tested for their Syk kinase activity using Omnia® kinase assay as described Page 16. The kinase activity was significantly reduced in IgM treated RAMOS cell lysate that has been depleted with Syk specific antibody (reaction rate of 0.03 RFU/sec), in comparison with the non-specific mouse IgG treated or non-treated RAMOS cell lysate (reaction rate of 0.35, 0.36 RFU/sec, respectively). 20 REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 21 Berton, G. et al. (2005) Src and Syk kinases: key regulators of phagocytic cell activation. Trends Immunol. 4:208-214. Navara, C.S. (2004) The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in human disease, implications for design of tyrosine kinase inhibitor based therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10:1739-1744. Coopman, P.J. and Mueller, S.C. (2006) The Syk tyrosine kinase: a new negative regulator in tumor growth and progression. Cancer Lett. 241:159-173. Wang, X. et al. (2006) Syk is downstream of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mediates human rhinovirus activation of p38 MAPK in airway epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 177:6859-6870. Humphrey, M.B. et al. (2005) Role of ITAM-containing adapter proteins and their receptors in the immune system and bone. Immunol. Rev. 208:50-65. Sada, K. (2001) Structure and function of Syk protein-tyrosine kinase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 130:177–186. Shults, M.D. et al. (2003) Versatile fluorescence probes of protein kinase activity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:14248-14249. Shults, M.D. et al. (2005) A multiplexed homogeneous fluorescence-based assay for protein kinase activity in cell lysates. Nat. Methods 2:277-283. PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, LIMITATIONS OF USE These products are sold under an exclusive license from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and are covered by patents 10/681,427 and 10/682,427. Important Licensing Information - These products may be covered by one or more Limited Use Label Licenses (see the Invitrogen Catalog or our website, www.invitrogen.com). By use of these products you accept the terms and conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses. Unless otherwise indicated, these products are for research use only and are not intended for human or animal diagnostic, therapeutic or commercial use. 22 NOTES 23 Omnia® IP Kinase Assay Summary 24 Rev. A1 10/12/07 PR418