Multiple-Choice Testbank
Chapter 1
Psychological Tests: What Are They and Why
Do We Need Them?
1
One of the major achievements of psychology in the twentieth century was
A
B
C
D
2
Psychological tests are used to
A
B
C
D
3
1880–1889
1890–1899
1900–1909
1910–1919
The first intelligence test was developed by
A
B
C
D
6
more relevant to psychological theory than practice
more relevant to psychological practice than theory
important tools for psychological research
rarely used in research settings
James McKeen Cattell coined the term mental test in which decade?
A
B
C
D
5
help make decisions about people
promote self-understanding
measure psychological constructs
all of the above
Psychological tests are
A
B
C
D
4
the development and application of psychological tests
the application of tests during the First World War
the development of the Deviation IQ
the solution of the mind-body problem
Binet and Simon
Spearman
Stanford and Binet
Terman and Wechsler
The first theory of intelligence was developed by
A
B
C
D
Binet and Simon
Spearman
Stanford and Binet
Terman and Wechsler
1
7
Evidence of psychological testing can be traced back to
A
B
C
D
8
The Army Alpha was
A
B
C
D
9
the Army Alpha and Beta
subscales from the Stanford-Binet test
the ideas of mental age and chronological age
Spearman’s theory of intelligence
The Deviation IQ is based on the notion of
A
B
C
D
14
Spearman’s g
motor performance
language of administration
mental age
Wechsler based his concept of verbal and performance scales on
A
B
C
D
13
block design
mazes
non-verbal cues
drawing people
The Queensland Test was specifically designed by McElwain and Kearney to avoid
dependency on
A
B
C
D
12
a method of factor analysis devised by Spearman
Spearman’s theory of intelligence
a statistic devised by Spearman as an index of intelligence
the common element in all cognitive tests
Porteus developed an early performance test based on
A
B
C
D
11
dependent on the ability to read and write
a precursor of the Army Beta
an early index of reliability developed by military psychologists
the highest grade of achievement on a set of tests developed for the US army
during the First World War
Spearman’s g refers to
A
B
C
D
10
cavemen challenging each other to lift heavy stones
selection of candidates for the Roman senate
public service examinations in ancient China
Hammurabi’s code of civil law
delinquency as a factor affecting the development of intelligence
mental age versus chronological age
a z-score
verbal versus performance scores
The first self-report test of personality was developed by
A
B
C
McElwain
Simon
Terman
2
D
15
The MMPI was designed to
A
B
C
D
16
B
C
D
D
D
Freud’s idea that all behaviour was caused by unconscious motivational effects
Jung’s theory of psychological types
the attempt to develop tests that did not rely on language
accidentally spilling ink on a test booklet
The Rorschach ink blot test was originally designed to identify
A
B
C
D
21
they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner
scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer
different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test
performance
they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli
Projective tests originated from
A
B
C
D
20
they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner
scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer
different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test
performance
they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli
Projective tests are not objective because
A
B
C
19
scoring a test based on its ability to discriminate between certain identifiable
groups of people
scoring a test based on the theory of what is being measured
scoring a test using a scoring key made out of cardboard in which small holes
reveal the correct answers
empirically validating test scores via research
Objective tests are objective because
A
B
C
18
screen soldiers during the Second World War
discriminate between normals and patient groups with particular diagnoses
assess personality in normal adults
assess Multiphasic Personality Disorder
‘Empirical keying’ refers to
A
17
Woodworth
Freudian unconscious motivations
artistic ability
schizophrenia
Jungian psychological types
Psychological assessment refers to
A
B
C
D
mental testing
testing people using psychological tests
the high-level reasoning process involved in the application of psychological
procedures
writing reports based on psychological test scores
3
22
The psychological testing enterprise began to be questioned on grounds of
A
B
C
D
23
The dictation test, a key tool in enforcing the White Australia policy, involved
A
B
C
D
24
B
C
D
a measure of personality or ability
an objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour
a set of questions or items whose answers can be tallied to yield a total score
a method of tapping into someone’s unconscious
Tests used as a sample of behaviour require
A
B
C
D
29
personal bias
halo effects
errors of central tendency
all of the above
A psychological test is
A
B
C
D
28
any one item is usually influenced by a host of factors apart from the
psychological construct of interest
it is better to measure many traits rather than just a few
total scores need to be calculated from the sum of raw scores
item response theory suggests that many items should be used
Human judgment is influenced by
A
B
C
D
27
the Second World War
the 1950s
the 1960s
the year 2000
Psychological tests are usually composed of a large number of items because
A
26
migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in English
migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in any prescribed language
migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in English
migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in any prescribed language
The major forms of psychological test, as we know them today, had been developed by
A
B
C
D
25
privacy
diversity
discrimination
all of the above
a large sample of individual items
an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying
disposition
the direct performance of the behaviour of interest
the use of multiple symbols
Tests used as a sign of behaviour require
A
B
an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying
disposition
the direct performance of the behaviour of interest
4
C
D
30
a large sample of individual items
the use of multiple symbols
A psychological test can become obsolete when
A
B
C
D
psychological theory develops to render the basis of the test obsolete
society changes to render the content of items less appropriate
society changes to render the tests norms obsolete
all of the above
Answers for Chapter 1
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. B
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. D
23. B
24. B
25. A
26. D
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. D
5
Chapter 2
Psychological Testing and Assessment:
Processes, Best Practice, and Ethics
1
Compared to psychological testing, psychological assessment is usually
A
B
C
D
2
What is psychological assessment primarily used for?
A
B
C
D
3
psychological testing
counselling
interviewing
observation
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is an example of a(n) _____ test
A
B
C
D
7
are cheaper
have norms
have face validity
are suitable for measuring all psychological constructs
Which of the following is not usually used in psychological assessment?
A
B
C
D
6
psychological testing; observation
psychological testing; interviewing
interviewing; psychological assessment
psychological assessment; observation
Psychological tests are better than other means of psychological assessment because
they
A
B
C
D
5
legal decision making
report writing
research
answering referral question(s)
_____ is a subprocess of _____
A
B
C
D
4
undertaken to answer more complex referral questions
undertaken in two sessions
cheaper
less time consuming
individual-administered
group-administered
computer-administered
criterion-referenced
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 is an example of a _____ test
A
criterion-referenced
6
B
C
D
8
The Bader Reading and Language Inventory is an example of a _____ test
A
B
C
D
9
Tests in Print
test catalogue of Psychological Corporation
Encyclopaedia Psychologica
any textbook on psychological testing
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D
14
purpose of tests
price of tests
independent reviews of tests
administration time of tests
Which of the following can be used to find out which tests have been published?
A
B
C
D
13
forensic
social
educational
clinical
Which of the following is usually not included in the test catalogue of a publishing
company?
A
B
C
D
12
rarely used
always used
over-used
used, if appropriate,
Which of the following areas of psychology does not use psychological tests in
practice?
A
B
C
D
11
group-administered
computer-administered
norm-referenced
criterion-referenced
Psychological testing is _____ as part of psychological assessment
A
B
C
D
10
performance
self-report
self-scoring
test developers do not always follow guidelines relating to psychological testing
published by the American Psychological Association
the Mental Measurements Yearbook reviews both published and unpublished
psychological tests
test developers always follow guidelines relating to psychological testing
published by the American Psychological Association
the Mental Measurements Yearbook reviews only unpublished psychological tests
The Mental Measurements Yearbook provides
A
B
the norms of psychological tests
the prices of psychological tests
7
C
D
15
The Mental Measurements Yearbook is published by the
A
B
C
D
16
C
D
only novice test users make errors in scoring psychological tests
only experienced test users make errors in scoring psychological tests
both novice and experienced test make errors in scoring psychological tests
none of the above
Results for a client on a psychological test
A
B
C
D
21
a waste of time for the psychologist and client
a shorter testing time
higher testing fees
the need to use more tests
According to the authors of the textbook
A
B
C
D
20
the test has local norms
the test does not have any copyright restrictions
the test has been reviewed in the Mental Measurements Yearbook
the test is appropriate for use with the particular client in terms of his/her
demographics
Failure to ensure that all the materials required for a psychological testing session are in
the test kit and that the test materials are intact can result in
A
B
C
D
19
they can afford to pay for the tests
confidential test materials are supplied only to professionals who are appropriately
trained and qualified
the test purchasers do not have a criminal record
the tests are supplied only to professionals who are ethical
Before administering a psychological test, a psychologist should ensure that
A
B
C
D
18
Australian Council of Educational Research
American Psychological Association
Australian Psychological Society
Buros Institute of Mental Measurement
In Australia and overseas, test publishers usually require test purchasers to register
before they are allowed to buy psychological tests. This is to ensure that
A
B
17
independent reviews of psychological tests
the web sites of psychological tests
should not be interpreted by a computer
should be interpreted in isolation
should be interpreted by a computer
should not be interpreted in isolation
A psychological report should
A
B
C
D
directly and adequately answer the referral question
be at least 10 pages long
use jargon
be read only by the client
8
22
It is important for a psychologist to maintain a clearly labelled and well-organised
record of cases seen because
A
B
C
D
23
The most extensive set of ethical guidelines issued by the Australian Psychological
Society is concerned with
A
B
C
D
24
B
C
D
may be deregistered by the registration board
will be fined by the Australian Psychological Society
will be prosecuted in a court of law
may be prosecuted by the Australian Psychological Society
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D
28
can be exempted legally from following the ethical guidelines issued by the
Society
does not need to follow the ethical guidelines issued by the Society
is still bound by the ethical guidelines of the Society
none of the above
If a psychologist violates the ethical principles of the Australian Psychological Society,
he/she
A
B
C
D
27
reduce inappropriate behaviour
punish inappropriate behaviour
reinforce appropriate behaviour
guide behaviour
If a psychologist is not a member of the Australian Psychological Society, he/she
A
26
inappropriate sexual relationships between clients and psychologists
psychological testing and assessment
informed consent
supervision and training of psychologists
‘Ethics’ can be defined as the formulation of principles to
A
B
C
D
25
it is a requirement of the Australian Psychological Society
it is a legal requirement in many countries
it is a requirement of the medical insurance companies
none of the above
ethics is the same as morality
unlike laws, codes of ethics are readily amended
ethics is something that cannot be taught
psychologists who are not members of the Australian Psychological Society are
not bound by its code of ethics
The code of ethics of the Australian Psychological Society is based on the principles of
A
B
C
D
responsibility, competence, and propriety
responsibility, competence, and education
responsibility, propriety, and education
propriety, education, and discipline
9
29
At the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy, the use of psychological tests by
the psychologist involved was criticised because
A
B
C
D
30
the tests were too expensive
the tests used were not developed in Australia
the tests used were not developed to diagnose improvements in psychiatric
conditions
none of the above
According to the textbook, the Psychologists Registration Board of New South Wales
was established
A
B
C
D
before the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy
at about the same time as the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy
after the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy
at about the same time as the establishment of the Australian Psychological
Society
Answers for Chapter 2
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. C
15. D
16. B
17. D
18. A
19. C
20. D
21. A
22. B
23. B
24. D
25. C
26. A
27. B
28. A
29. C
30. C
10
Chapter 3
Test Scores and Norms
1
Raw scores and linear transformed scores based on them have
A
B
C
D
2
Transforming scores on psychological tests is done primarily to
A
B
C
D
3
do not make use of the equation for a straight line
are inferior to a linear transformation
preserve all the features of the original scores
are seldom used with modern psychological tests
A T score transformation
A
B
C
D
7
compares scores among test takers
requires data gathering with a reasonably large sample
has been used since the early history of psychological testing
all of the above
Non-linear transformations of test scores
A
B
C
D
6
provides direct access to their meaning
is only the first step in giving them meaning
is always done with psychological tests
applies properties of the normal curve
Norm referencing of test scores
A
B
C
D
5
protect the privacy of the test taker
aid interpretation of the scores
make the scores more manageable
make the scores available for research
Criterion referencing of test scores
A
B
C
D
4
the same mean
the same standard deviation
the same relationship among scores
the same range
gives rise to a distribution of scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of
10
has the same mean as the original distribution of raw scores
is derived using a non-linear transformation
is named after Terman, who was the first to use the transformation
Percentiles
A
B
C
D
is another name for scores expressed as per cent correct
express the person’s score in terms of where it lies in a distribution of scores
are only used when other transformations are not possible
provide a normal distribution of scores
11
8
z scores
A
B
C
D
9
Which of the following is not a linear transformation?
A
B
C
D
10
graphically from a plot of the cumulative distribution of scores
by formula
from tables of the normal curve
from the equation of a straight line
Because normalised standard scores follow a normal distribution they
A
B
C
D
15
most people obtain scores in that range
clinical experience suggests that it is
it is more than 1.5 standard deviations above the mean
it is well above the 50 per cent correct mark
Percentiles can be calculated in a number of ways. Which of the following is not a way
of calculating a percentile?
A
B
C
D
14
is above average
is lower than the scores of most others on the test
is about average
falls at the 84th percentile
A score higher than 65 on an MMPI scale is of interest because
A
B
C
D
13
50 per cent
16 per cent
25 per cent
10 per cent
If a z score of 1.33 is obtained we know that the person’s raw score
A
B
C
D
12
stanine score
T score
z score
standard score
What proportion of scores in a normal distribution lie above a z score of 1?
A
B
C
D
11
can be computed when either an estimate of the mean or an estimate of the
standard deviation is available
require access to a table of the normal curve for their calculation
were used by Wechsler in the first edition of his test of intelligence
are rarely used in scoring psychological tests
preserve the differences among the original raw scores
have the same mean as the original raw score distribution
are attractive to test constructors
do not require the use of the normal curve for their interpretation
A score of 115 on a version of Wechsler’s test of intelligence means that the score
A
B
C
is well below average
is one standard deviation above the average score on that version
is equivalent to a z score of 1.115
12
D
16
Which of the following statements about norms is correct?
A
B
C
D
17
C
D
the raw score mean on intelligence tests has remained constant over the years
the standard deviation of scores on intelligence tests has remained constant over
time
the raw score mean on intelligence tests has been increasing over the years
the raw score mean on intelligence tests has been decreasing over the years
Comparing z scores for two individuals from the same cultural background on a test
with norms from a different culture
A
B
C
D
22
the larger the sample size the smaller the standard deviation of scores
the smaller the sample size the smaller the standard deviation of scores
the larger the sample size the smaller the standard error of the mean
the larger the sample size the larger the standard error of the mean
The Flynn effect refers to the observation that
A
B
21
the factors on which he stratified were known to relate to intelligence
this was the quickest way norms could be constructed
intelligence was thought to be normally distributed
sample size was known to be an issue
In estimating a mean from a sample
A
B
C
D
20
random samples from the general population are always employed
representative samples from the population of interest are employed
accidental or convenience samples have been found to be as good as any other
random samples are employed for the initial analysis but not subsequently
Wechsler, in developing the norms for his first test of intelligence, used a stratified
sampling plan because
A
B
C
D
19
for every psychological test there is one and only one set of norms
the size of the sample used in developing norms is irrelevant once the norms have
been developed
different norms may apply for the different purposes for which a test score is used
norms are best developed using a criterion referencing approach
In test construction
A
B
C
D
18
has a percentile rank of 15
is indefensible
is meaningful
can only be done if the norms are without error
can only be done if the sample size on which the norms are based is adequate
Checking whether the IQ of an individual has changed by readministering the test with
which their IQ was originally measured
A
B
C
D
is liable to be in error if the test has been renormed between test administrations
is not as accurate as using a different test on the second occasion
depends on the length of the test being used
is no longer a recommended procedure
13
23
The Flynn effect is a factor that needs to be considered
A
B
C
D
24
The difference in test performance between percentile scores of 60 and 55
A
B
C
D
25
must be quite high
must be quite low
must be in the middle range
is on a different scale and hence bears no relationship to stanine
Normalised standard scores
A
B
C
D
30
90
100
110
50
A Deviation IQ that corresponds to a stanine of 9
A
B
C
D
29
is obtained by fewer than 5 per cent of individuals
corresponds to a percentile of 84
is equivalent to a z score of 2
is obtained by more than 20 per cent of test takers
The Deviation IQ on a Wechsler scale at the 50th centile is
A
B
C
D
28
16
40
10
the percentile cannot be determined
A sten score of 9.5
A
B
C
D
27
is equivalent to that between percentile scores of 15 and 10
cannot be readily equated to all other 5 point differences in percentiles
is equivalent to that between percentile scores of 60 and 70
is twice that between percentile scores of 15 and 10
A T score of 40 corresponds to a percentile of
A
B
C
D
26
with all forms of psychological tests
with personality tests
with interest tests
with intelligence tests
are based on percentiles
are T scores under another name
are based on sten scores
have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15
Wechsler used the z score principle on his test
A
B
C
D
to calculate sub-test scores but not full-scale scores
to calculate both sub-test scores and full-scale scores
to calculate full-scale but not sub-test scores
only to determine special indices
14
Answers for Chapter 3
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. A
23. D
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. A
30. B
15
Chapter 4
Reliability
1
According to classical test score theory, what happens to the true score variance as error
in a measure increases?
A
B
C
D
2
According to classical test score theory, a test score is made up of
A
B
C
D
3
dependability
validity
utility
discriminability
The proportion of observed score variance attributable to random error is known as
A
B
C
D
7
random
consistent
unknowable
inconsistent
Another way of talking about the reliability of a test for a particular purpose is to talk
about its
A
B
C
D
6
systematic variance in the test
unsystematic variance in the test
clever item writing
a problem for the test taker
Systematic error in a test exerts what kind of effect on test scores?
A
B
C
D
5
true score variance and nonsystematic variance
observed score variance and true score variance
observed score variance and error variance
observed score variance and systematic variance
The wording of several items on a psychological test makes it more likely that test
takers will endorse the ‘Yes’ rather than the ‘No’ option. This is best described as
A
B
C
D
4
it increases
it decreases
it remains constant
classical test score theory makes no statement on this point
the reliability coefficient
the coefficient of nondetermination
the error coefficient
one minus the reliability coefficient
Test-retest reliability is sometimes referred to as
A
stability
16
B
C
D
8
The domain sampling model proposes that
A
B
C
D
9
B
C
D
B
C
D
correlating the judgments made by a panel of experts over a number of instances
of judgment making
counting the frequency of instances in which a panel of experts disagree
finding the proportion of instances in which a panel of experts is undecided
averaging the number of decisions a panel of experts gets wrong
Inter-rater reliability
A
B
C
D
14
the trait being measured changes over time
the trait being measured is essentially episodic in character
the trait being measured does not change over time
there is a systematic practice effect on the test
The reliability of expert judgment can be estimated by
A
13
correlating the total of all even-numbered items with the total of all odd-numbered
items
correlating the total of items in the first half of the test with the total of items in
the second half of the test
correlating each item with the total score on the test
finding the average of the correlation of each item with every other item
Estimating test reliability by correlating scores from two administrations of the test 6
months apart assumes
A
B
C
D
12
split half reliability
internal consistency reliability
equivalent forms reliability
test-retest reliability
Which of the following procedures does not yield an estimate of the reliability of a test?
A
11
items in a test are a random sample from a population of possible items
the only items possible have been used in the test
items have been sampled without replacement
the majority of items have the same content
The domain sampling model as originally conceived could not deal well with
A
B
C
D
10
consistency
long-term reliability
concurrent reliability
overcomes the problems of test reliability
is a special case of test reliability
cannot be estimated statistically
uses the same formula as that used for equivalent forms reliability
The concept of ‘domain sampling’ in the psychometric theory of reliability refers to
A
B
C
sampling persons from the population with whom a test may be used
sampling items from the population of possible items that could be used in a test
sampling tests from the population of tests available to measure a construct
17
D
15
The standard error of measurement of a raw score
A
B
C
D
16
it included items that related to different aspects of the construct to be measured
it included items that related to different constructs
each item was drawn from a different item domain
all the items were the same
A high coefficient alpha indicates that
A
B
C
D
22
the reliability of the current test
the number of items in the current test
both A and B
neither A nor B
The internal consistency of a test would be high if
A
B
C
D
21
what the reliability of the test would be if certain changes were made to it
what the individual’s true score on the test is
what an individual’s score on the test will be at some future time
what the person’s true score would be if the test were lengthened
The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula requires
A
B
C
D
20
when the test is first developed
when the test’s reliability is first questioned
when the test is first readministered
when the test is being revised
The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula is so called because it purports to indicate
A
B
C
D
19
the reliability of the test for the purpose for which we are using it
the standard deviation of scores on the test
the mean and standard deviation of scores on the test
the reliability of the test for the purposes for which we are using it and the
standard deviation of scores on the test
Equivalent forms of a test are usually developed
A
B
C
D
18
increases directly as the reliability increases
decreases directly as the reliability increases
increases proportionately as the reliability increases
decreases proportionately as the reliability increases
In making judgments about the precision of a score on a test we need to know
A
B
C
D
17
sampling methods from the population that could be used to construct a test
the test has high generalisability
scores on the test are stable
the test has high internal consistency
the test has only one factor
Reliability of a test
A
can change if the range of scores on the test is smaller relative to the original
sample of scores
18
B
C
D
23
Coefficient alpha can be calculated
A
B
C
D
24
directly with the product of their reliabilities
directly with the square root of the product of their reliabilities
inversely with the sum of their reliabilities
inversely with the square root of the lower of the two reliabilities
Two variables may not correlate highly
A
B
C
D
29
cognitive domain
personality domain
motivation domain
projective domain
The correlation between scores on two variables varies
A
B
C
D
28
depend on the purpose for which the test is being used
have been determined by consensus
seldom depart from the agreed value of 0.9
depend on the magnitude of the standard error of measurement
In general the best reliabilities have been obtained with psychological tests in the
A
B
C
D
27
the reliability of the test
the standard error of the test
how the test is to be used
the mean score on the test
Expectations about what constitutes a satisfactory degree of reliability
A
B
C
D
26
only for tests with dichotomously scored items
only for tests with items that have three or more categories
only for tests that use a Yes/No or True/False format
for all objectively scored tests
Generalisability theory requires that we know
A
B
C
D
25
is an unchanging property of a test
changes from one administration of a test to another
will differ depending on the mean score of the sample or the test
because of the poor reliability of one or both of them
because their standard errors of measurement are skewed in opposite directions
because their reliabilities are unknown
because similar items have been used in assessing both variables
Reliability is
A
B
C
D
relevant when considering the score a person obtains on a test or other assessment
device
relevant only when psychological test results are being considered but not when
expert judgements are employed
irrelevant for most practical decision making with psychological tests
relevant for tests of intelligence only
19
30
Reliability of an assessment device can be improved within limits by
A
B
C
D
increasing its length (e.g. using more items)
decreasing the time taken to administer it
supplementing it with the judgment of the assessor
replacing it with the judgment of the assessor
Answers for Chapter 4
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. A
19. C
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. C
25. C
26. A
27. A
28. B
29. A
30. A
20
Chapter 5
Validity
1
The validity of a psychological test for a given purpose
A
B
C
D
2
The first test developer to be concerned with the issue of test validity was
A
B
C
D
3
has no role in test development
is another name for construct validity
is relevant in developing achievement tests
was relied on by Binet and Simon in their work in test development
Members of the general public to whom psychological tests are administered
A
B
C
D
7
invented by psychologists
given by the order of nature
found in psychological test data
peculiar to the theory of test validity
Content validity
A
B
C
D
6
predictive; construct
construct; predictive
predictive; concurrent
concurrent; predictive
Constructs are
A
B
C
D
5
Charles Spearman
David Weschler
Alfred Binet
Charles Stanford
The validity of a psychological test was first considered from the perspective of
…validity and only subsequently from the perspective of _____validity
A
B
C
D
4
depends on the theory and data available to support its use
is determined at the time the test is developed
is an immutable characteristic of the test
depends on the judgment of those who developed the test
have no way of knowing what a test is about unless told by the test administrator
can often guess the nature or purpose of a test from the items included in it
always know what a test is about
can never guess the range within which their score on the test will lie
In determining predictive validity we need to have
A
B
C
D
a highly select group with respect to the construct being assessed
a way of judging the appropriateness of the content of the test items
another test of the same construct
a criterion relevant to performance on the test but external to it
21
8
A test of scholastic aptitude is administered at the beginning of first semester and the
academic performance of the sample is examined at the end of the first year of
university (i.e. two semesters later). A failure to find a high-to-perfect correlation
between test scores and academic performance
A
B
C
D
9
In the standard approach to predictive validity, the validity coefficient is estimated by
A
B
C
D
10
concurrent validity
incremental validity
face validity
construct validity
In the regression approach to predictive validity the estimate of error is referred to as the
A
B
C
D
15
40 per cent relative to that based on a random process
an unknown amount
the square of the validity coefficient, i.e., 16 per cent
1 minus the validity coefficient, i.e., 60 per cent
When the predictive validity of a psychological test is compared to the prediction that
would be made if no test were available, we speak of
A
B
C
D
14
the average of the z scores for the two variables
the average of the cross products of the raw scores for the two variables
the average of the raw scores of the two variables
the average of the cross products of the variables expressed as z scores
A test with a validity coefficient of 0.4 improves the prediction of the criterion by
A
B
C
D
13
an approximation
the least squares method
the Procrustes method
regression to the mean
The basic formula for the correlation between two variables is
A
B
C
D
12
the slope of a straight line relating test scores and criterion
the distance of the straight line relating test scores and criterion from the X axis
the distance of the straight line relating test scores and criterion from the Y axis
the length of the straight line relating test scores and criterion
The standard method for fitting a regression line to a set of data is referred to as
A
B
C
D
11
indicates the test lacks predictive validity
indicates the test lacks concurrent validity
is highly unlikely
may indicate a lack of test validity but may also reflect intervening effects
unrelated to scholastic aptitude
standard error of the mean
standard error of estimate
standard error of measurement
standard error of the criterion
Decision theory was developed to help with decisions being made where
22
A
B
C
D
16
In a two-choice decision problem (the person belongs to the criterion group or they do
not), a false negative decision would be that
A
B
C
D
17
D
can improve the effectiveness of selection
can change the base rate
can increase the valid negative decisions
has no influence on the outcome of selection
The sensitivity of a test in clinical diagnosis is
A
B
C
D
22
the sum of the false positives and the valid positives
the sum of the false positives and the false negatives
the sum of the valid positives and the valid negatives
one minus the base rate
Manipulating the selection ratio where this is possible
A
B
C
D
21
the proportion of the population showing the characteristic
the proportion of the population likely to be selected
the proportion of the population showing the characteristic and likely to be
selected
one minus the proportion of the population showing the characteristic
The selection ratio is
A
B
C
D
20
should invariably be minimised
may be less costly in some situations than false negative errors
are in inverse proportion to false negative errors
are unlikely in most practical situations where tests are employed
The base rate of a characteristic in a population is
A
B
C
19
the individual belongs to the criterion group when they do not
the individual does not belong to the criterion group when they do
the individual belongs to neither group
the individual belongs to the non-criterion group when they do
False positive errors
A
B
C
D
18
there is a degree of uncertainty
errors are unlikely
there are many possible outcomes
the regression approach cannot be employed
the number of valid positives divided by the number of those encountered who
show the characteristic being diagnosed
the number of valid positives divided by one minus the base rate
another term for the specificity of a test
the likelihood the test can be faked
An early exposition of the idea of construct validity was in a paper by
A
B
C
Binet and Terman
Cronbach and Fiske
Cronbach and Meehl
23
D
23
Construct validity
A
B
C
D
24
the need to repeat the analysis
the lack of construct validity of the creativity tests
the tests were too short
a good selection of tests
To show some evidence of construct validity a test of moral development should
A
B
C
D
29
method variance is non-existent
trait variance has been partialled out
trait variance will exert a stronger effect than method variance
trait variance will be smaller than method variance
Factor analysis of supposedly independent sets of creativity and intelligence tests points
to a single factor. This suggests
A
B
C
D
28
correlations of two or more variables measured using two or more methods
correlations of two or more variables measured using the same method
correlations of the same variable measured using two or more methods
all of the above
In a multitrait–multimethod analysis it is assumed that if a reasonable level of validity
has been achieved
A
B
C
D
27
convergent and discriminant validity
concurrent and predictive validity
sensitivity and specificity
content and face validity
A multitrait–multimethod matrix includes
A
B
C
D
26
can be approached in a number of different ways
is determined by one particular method
is an alternative to predictive validity
is based on decision theory
Campbell and Fiske devised the multitrait–multimethod matrix to assist in the analysis
of
A
B
C
D
25
Cronbach and Campbell
show differences between older and younger children
show stability over the life span
show higher scores for adolescents than adults
be unrelated to age trends
Having provided evidence of the construct validity of a test
A
B
C
D
it is unnecessary to examine its predictive validity in a situation where it is to be
employed
is strong evidence for the face validity of the test
means no further work on validity is required
does not preclude examining validity for specific purposes
24
30
Examining the validity of a test
A
B
C
D
helps refine our understanding of the construct operationalised in the test
extends the range of application of the test
provides a better test
all of the above
Answers for Chapter 5
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. A
20. A
21. A
22. C
23. A
24. A
25. D
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. D
30. D
25
Chapter 6
Test Construction
1
The empirical approach to psychological test development
A
B
C
D
2
The first step in constructing a psychological test is to
A
B
C
D
3
C
D
a catalogue of test reviews
a classification scheme for mental disorder
an encyclopaedia of psychometrics
a handbook of good practice in assessment
According to S S Stevens, which of the following is not a type of measurement?
A
B
C
D
7
a ratio scale
a reliable scale
a random scale
a representative scale
The Mental Measurements Yearbook is
A
B
C
D
6
conform to the highest possible form of measurement
seldom achieve more than a statement about rank order in terms of the
characteristic of interest
provide for a true zero in terms of the characteristic
invariably specify equal intervals on their measurement scales
Because 0˚C does not represent the complete absence of heat, the Celsius scale
cannot be considered
A
B
C
D
5
determine the sample size to which the test is administered
review the relevant literature
identify a likely publisher for the test
be clear about the construct or constructs to be assessed with the test
Psychological tests
A
B
4
begins with a sound theory
relies on the frequency of endorsement of items by selected groups
continues to be the major approach to the construction of personality tests
ensures that all items in the test have high face validity
ordinal
interval
dichotomous
nominal
The model of measurement that underlies many commercially available psychological
tests is
A
B
the manifest trait model
the weak true score model
26
C
D
8
A trace line for an item relates
A
B
C
D
9
Rensis Likert
Louise Guttman
Georg Rasch
Charles Spearman
Scalogram analysis implies that a person’s position on a trait indicates
A
B
C
D
14
linear trace line
monotonic trace line
non-monotonic trace line
deterministic trace line
Thurstone’s approach to the construction of attitude scales was replaced for most
practical purposes by one developed by
A
B
C
D
13
item difficulty is often selected as the focus of interest
the assumptions of the theory are ignored
items of equal difficulty are sought
items of intermediate difficulty are sought
Thurstone’s model for item construction calls for a
A
B
C
D
12
specifies the parameters of the trace line
requires more of the items in the test to conform to the model
uses a steeper trace line
includes classical true score theory as a special case
In using Item Response Theory in practice
A
B
C
D
11
the outline of the item to the specification of the construct
the inverse of the strength of the trait to item frequency
the proportion of items correct to the strength of the underlying trait
the likelihood of endorsement of the item to the strength of the underlying trait
Item Response Theory is a stricter model for test construction than classical true score
theory in that it
A
B
C
D
10
S S Stevens’s measurement types
the Guttman model
whether they will get a test item right or wrong
that they are more likely to get the item right than wrong
that they are likely to get the item right or wrong but it is by no means certain
that they will be unsure of the correct response
Multiple choice tests provide more than two options for each question to overcome the
problem of
A
B
C
D
faking
carelessness
defensiveness
guessing
27
15
An important step in writing items for psychological tests is to
A
B
C
D
16
Test construction
A
B
C
D
17
how we ensure the sample is normally distributed
how we ensure everyone in the sample is normal
what we expect the average response to be
how the test is to be used
Although it is useful to include norms for different groups from the population we need
to bear in mind that
A
B
C
D
22
indicates to the unqualified potential user that they should not be using the test
is comprehensible to the qualified test user
is precise enough to satisfy measurement specialists
all of the above
In norming a test we need to bear in mind
A
B
C
D
21
finding a publisher
preparing a manual for the test user
deciding on price
selecting an attractive packaging
A good manual for a psychological test
A
B
C
D
20
poor items
good items
reliable items
valid items
In preparing a test for publication we need to spend a good deal of time on
A
B
C
D
19
is a linear process with one stage following the other without variation
is a relatively inexpensive process
follows a sequence of steps but these steps may need to be retraced from time to
time
can be done quite quickly using modern computers
Items with very high or very low endorsement frequencies generally are
A
B
C
D
18
pilot test the items with individuals similar to those for whom the test is being
developed
provide translations into other languages
compare the content with existing psychological tests
use item writers who are blind to the meaning of the construct being tested
increasing the number of groups decreases the overall sample size required
increasing the number of groups increases the overall sample size required
increasing the number of groups increases the overall standard deviation
increasing the number of groups decreases the overall standard deviation
The biserial correlation
A
B
is another name for the point biserial correlation
is a type of product moment correlation
28
C
D
23
In conducting item analysis in test construction
A
B
C
D
24
C
D
27
a living saint
trying to create a favourable impression of himself or herself
a very truthful individual
not paying attention
If p is the proportion of a sample endorsing a dichotomously scored item in the keyed
direction and q is 1-p (i.e., the proportion endorsing the item in the opposite direction),
then the standard deviation of scores on the item is
A
p
B
q
C
D
pq
pq
The term ‘social desirability’ when used with respect to construction of a personality
test refers to the fact that
A
B
C
D
28
people respond to non-essential features of items rather than to item content
peoples’ responses to items varies greatly from one administration of the items to
the next
some people do not sustain their attention when answering the items
items are not easy to understand
If a person endorses a substantial number of items in the improbable direction (e.g., ‘I
have never told a lie in my life’), we might infer the person is
A
B
C
D
26
the procedure can be repeated with new samples of items until a satisfactory set
has been found
the procedure should be used once and once only so as not to capitalise on chance
the procedure can only be repeated using the same set of items
the procedure cannot be repeated with the same set of items
Systematic bias in a test can occur when
A
B
25
can be estimated from the item discrimination index
can be estimated from the item reliability index
people differ in their tendency to create a favourable impression of themselves
when answering test items
people differ in how strongly they are drawn to the company of others
people differ in how attractive they find social activities
people differ in terms of their tendency to agree rather than disagree with
personality statements
In studying the behaviour of items in a psychological test, one of the item statistics
recommended by some experts is item reliability. This is
A
B
C
D
the product of the item–total correlation and the variance of the item
the product of the item–total correlation and the standard deviation of the item
the product of the square roots of the item–total correlation and item variance
the product of the item–total correlation and the square root of the item variance
29
29
The item validity is the
A
B
C
D
30
correlation of the item score with the total score on the test
correlation of the item with an external criterion measure of the construct being
tested
average correlation of the item with all other items
correlation of the item with the average score on all other items
The discriminability of an item refers to the capacity of the item to
A
B
C
D
separate those that are high and low on the trait of interest
distinguish between minority and majority groups
identify those who get the item correct
identify those who get the difficult items right
Answers for Chapter 6
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. D
15. A
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. D
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. B
29. B
30. A
30
Chapter 7
Clinical and Mental Health Testing and
Assessment
1
For psychologists who work in the mental health setting
A
B
C
D
2
Case history data for a client in a mental health setting
A
B
C
D
3
providing information
identifying malingerers
verifying information
establishing rapport
Information commonly obtained during a clinical interview includes
A
B
C
D
6
a lot of information about the client can be collected very quickly
it is more accurate than other psychological assessment techniques
it is more valid than other psychological assessment techniques
it enables psychologists to elicit information that is not readily available from the
client’s record or file
Which of the followings is not a function of the clinical interview?
A
B
C
D
5
should be collected with the relevant privacy policies of government departments
in mind
should not be collected from the client
is not usually required
is usually inaccurate
The clinical interview is a useful psychological assessment technique for psychologists
who work in a mental health setting because
A
B
C
D
4
referral questions are usually not provided by either the clients or other
professionals
referral questions provided by the clients are usually realistic and answerable
referral questions provided by other professionals are usually realistic and
answerable
it is important to clarify the referral question for a client to make it realistic and
answerable
client history (e.g., medical, family, educational and vocational, psychological)
and attitude towards mental health problems
demographic data and attitude towards mental health problems
demographic data and client history (e.g., medical, family, educational and
vocational, psychological)
demographic data and the background of the relevant referral agents
Which of the following areas are usually covered in a Mental Status Examination?
A
appearance, orientation, affect, thought content and process, insight
31
B
C
D
7
The DSM-IV-TR was published by the
A
B
C
D
8
16 and 89
16 and 90
17 and 89
17 and 90
Which of the following is not a verbal subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
– Third Edition?
A
B
C
D
13
Stanford-Binet – Fifth Edition
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Gardner Multiple Intelligence Test
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition was developed for adults
between _____ and _____ years old
A
B
C
D
12
it is atheoretical
it is comprehensive
it is low in reliability and validity
it adheres too closely to the medical model
Which of the following is the most commonly used intelligence test throughout the
world?
A
B
C
D
11
three
four
five
six
Which of the following is not a common criticism of the DMS-IV-TR?
A
B
C
D
10
American Psychological Association
Australian Psychological Association
American Psychiatric Association
World Health Organization
The DSM-IV-TR contains a list of psychiatric disorders and a client is classified in
terms of a set of _____ axes or clinically important factors
A
B
C
D
9
appearance, orientation, tendency to lie, thought content and process, insight
CT scan, appearance, orientation, affect, insight
orientation, affect, thought content and process, insight, CT scan
Digit Span
Vocabulary
Arithmetic
Matrix Reasoning
Which of the following is not a performance subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale – Third Edition?
A
B
Letter-Number Sequencing
Digit Symbol-Coding
32
C
D
14
Which of the following is considered a major strength of the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale – Third Edition?
A
B
C
D
15
is based on Freud’s theory
is a sensitive instrument that can be administered individually or in a group
has been criticised for having a small standardisation sample
is easily susceptible to faking
Which of the followings are the main clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory – 2?
A
B
C
D
20
multiple regression
factor analysis
empirical keying
structural equation modelling
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2
A
B
C
D
19
16 PF
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 was developed using a method
called
A
B
C
D
18
the price of the test
the time it takes to administer the test
the theory of intelligence from which it was developed
its low criterion-related validity
Which of the following is a commonly used personality test around the world?
A
B
C
D
17
the computerised scoring package developed for the test
the price of the test
the size and representativeness of the standardisation sample
its long history
One of the limitations of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition is
A
B
C
D
16
Block Design
Picture Arrangement
Depression, Schizophrenia, Social Introversion, Paranoia
Depression, Schizophrenia, Paranoia, Alcoholism
Depression, Hyperactivity, Paranoia, Alcoholism
Schizophrenia, Autism, Social Introversion, Paranoia
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
A
B
C
D
is commonly used in Australia and the US
is not commonly used in Australia and the US
is not commonly used in the US but is still being used in Australia
is not commonly used in Australia but is still being used in the US
33
21
The Rorschach Inkblot Test is
A
B
C
D
22
The Personality Assessment Inventory is a _____ developed to _____
A
B
C
D
23
it has a very high coefficient alpha
clinical psychologists report it is useful
it correlates with ratings of depression by psychiatrists
it has been found to discriminate between individuals who suffer from clinical
depression and those who do not
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
A
B
C
D
26
depression and anorexia
depression and personality problem
depression and anxiety
anxiety and personality problem
Which of the following has been used to support the validity of the Beck Depression
Inventory – II?
A
B
C
D
25
self-report technique; assess a specific mental health problem
self-report technique; provide a comprehensive assessment of mental health
problems
performance-based technique; assess a specific mental health problem
performance-based technique; provide a comprehensive assessment of mental
health problems
According to the textbook, _____ and _____ are the two mental health problems that
contribute most to the non-fatal disease burden in Australia
A
B
C
D
24
an individually administered projective technique that comprises 10 cardboard
plates
an individually administered objective technique that comprises 8 cardboard
plates
a group administered projective technique that comprises 10 cardboard plates
a group administered projective technique that comprises 8 cardboard plates
is a self-report technique developed in Australia to measure the states of
depression, anxiety, and stress
is a projective technique developed in Australia to measure the states of
depression, anxiety and stress
is a self-report technique developed in New Zealand to measure the states of
depression, anxiety, and stress
is a projective technique developed in New Zealand to measure the states of
depression, anxiety, and stress
Which of the following is an item from the Anxiety scale of the Depression Anxiety
Stress Scales?
A
B
C
D
I felt that I had lost interest in just about everything
I felt I was close to panic
I found it hard to wind down
I found myself getting upset by quite trivial things
34
27
Which of the following statements has been used to support the validity of the
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales?
A
B
C
D
28
A psychological report is important because
A
B
C
D
29
it is required by the Australian Psychological Society
it is required by psychologists’ registration boards in Australia
it allows the client and the referral agent to challenge the results in a court of law
if they do not agree with the psychologist’s conclusion and suggestions
it allows the client and the referral agent to understand the rationale of the
psychologist’s conclusions and suggestions
According to Shellenberger and Brenner, a good psychological report
A
B
C
D
30
clinical psychologists report it is useful
it has a very high coefficient alpha
there are significant correlations between Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and
the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory
it has a high inter-rater agreement
is individualised rather than general, is theory-focused, and is written and
delivered on time
is general rather than individualised, is theory focused, and is written and
delivered on time
is individualised rather than general, answers the referral question directly, and is
written and delivered on time
is general rather than individualised, answers the referral question directly, and is
written and delivered on time
Which of the following is not a commonly used heading in a psychological report?
A
B
C
D
Relevant Theory
Relevant Background
Results and Interpretation
Recommendations
Answers for Chapter 7
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. D
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. B
27. C
28. D
29. C
30. A
35
Chapter 8
Organisational Testing and Assessment
1
The first great impetus to psychological testing in industry came from
A
B
C
D
2
Performance appraisal refers to
A
B
C
D
3
Behaviourally Ordered Selection
Behavioural Observation Scale
Biographic Orientation Score
Behavioural Orientation Scale
The first step in developing BARS and BOS is
A
B
C
D
7
Biodata Administered with Reliability and Significance
Behavioural Assessment of Relevant Standards
Behavioural Assessment for Recruiting and Selection
Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale
BOS stands for
A
B
C
D
6
quality
validity
reliability
relevance
BARS stands for
A
B
C
D
5
appraising a person’s performance on a psychological test
scoring a person’s performance on a psychological test
the assessment of worker’s performance on the job
a particular approach to management which emphasises psychological assessment
Quantitative criteria are usually deficient in terms of
A
B
C
D
4
the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta during the First World War
the publication of Hugo Munsterberg’s general psychological text for industry
the establishment of the Institute of Industrial Psychology by C S Myers in
London in 1918
the formation of the College of Organisational Psychologists of the Australian
Psychological Society in 1993
the development of a frequency-of-observation scale
content analysis of job behaviours
location of anchors along the entire length of the scale
critical incident job analysis
All raters involved in performance appraisal need
A
B
C
several years of managerial experience
several years of observation experience
training
36
D
8
Desirable behaviours frequently observed and undesirable behaviours infrequently
observed form the theoretical basis of
A
B
C
D
9
job sampling
selection by fiat
selection on the criterion
post-appointment selection
The main problem with selecting on the criterion is that
A
B
C
D
15
organisational citizenship behaviours
interpersonal skills
labour market conditions
office layout and soft furnishings
In personnel selection, the process of appointing everyone who applies for a position
and then retaining only those whose performance is satisfactory after some period of
time is referred to as
A
B
C
D
14
input of the worker and input of the technology
working and doing
supervisor observations and peer observations
task performance and contextual performance
Contextual performance is mainly composed of
A
B
C
D
13
medicine
sport
pharmacies
headaches
The two main types of job performance are
A
B
C
D
12
rank ordering
job preview
paired comparisons
supervisor ratings
Technology is to job performance as drugs are to
A
B
C
D
11
BOS
BARS
graphic rating scales
performance appraisal
Which of the following is not a performance appraisal method?
A
B
C
D
10
BARS
it is a form of job try-out
it has low validity
it is only applicable to a few jobs
it is extremely expensive
A false positive in personnel selection is
37
A
B
C
D
16
A false negative in personnel selection is
A
B
C
D
17
should be used with a criterion of 0.05
can be thought of as a quantitative literature review
can be used to test the difference between two group means
should be used repeatedly until there is only one study left
The raw data used in meta-analysis are
A
B
C
D
22
is another name for second-order factor analysis
has determined the validity of personnel selection to be about 0.40
was the method used by Carroll in formulating his Three Stratum Theory
is the study of other research studies
Meta-analysis
A
B
C
D
21
fluid and crystallised intelligence form the third stratum
general intelligence sits at the top of a hierarchy of cognitive abilities
specific job-related behaviours form the first stratum of the hierarchy
abilities flow through each level until they reach the third stratum
Meta-analysis
A
B
C
D
20
regularly reviewing the selection process
selecting on the criterion
using a predictor with a validity of 1.0
implementing a probationary period
In Carroll’s Three Stratum Theory
A
B
C
D
19
the rejection of an applicant who could have been successful
the appointment of someone whose job performance turns out to be substandard
the misidentification of a potential problem
the use of a test with negative validity
Selection errors can be eliminated by
A
B
C
D
18
the rejection of an applicant who could have been successful
the appointment of someone whose job performance turns out to be substandard
the incorrect scoring of a psychological test leading to someone being appointed
who shouldn’t have been
the use of a test with negative validity
group means
test scores
effect sizes
performance appraisal ratings
Personnel selection is basically the study of
A
B
C
D
individual differences
human cognitive abilities
general mental ability
personality
38
23
Work sample tests
A
B
C
D
24
The most valid forms of interview are
A
B
C
D
25
a place where assessments are conducted
comprised of many different activities
a place where assessment information is collated
an index of central tendency for a large number of assessments
Biodata
A
B
C
D
30
dependability and conscientiousness
general mental ability
social and interpersonal skills
previous experience
An assessment centre is
A
B
C
D
29
assessments made by someone in very high office
obtained by secretly observing someone over a prolonged period
assessments made by one’s co-workers and colleagues
used mainly with external applicants
Integrity tests are influenced by someone’s
A
B
C
D
28
they are followed up with reference checks
they look like standardised tests
the interviewee is put under time pressure
the interviewers take notes
Peer ratings are
A
B
C
D
27
situational interviews
panel interviews
behavioural interviews
structured interviews
Interviews become more valid when
A
B
C
D
26
are specifically designed hands-on simulations of the main tasks to be performed
in a particular job
have moderate predictive validities
require the job applicant to work through a large sample of tests
are critically dependent on obtaining a large sample size
are physiological indicators such as saliva samples
are assessments by one’s co-workers and colleagues
are information about one’s past experience and life history
are the data that go into a bioassay
Personality factors are
A
B
C
D
not relevant to either task or contextual performance
more relevant to task performance than to contextual performance
relevant to task and contextual performance to an equal degree
more relevant to contextual performance than to task performance
39
Answers for Chapter 8
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. B
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. A
23. A
24. D
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. B
29. C
30. D
40
Chapter 9
Neuropsychological Testing and Assessment
1
The brain is made up of neurons and glia. The main function of glia is
A
B
C
D
2
The three main types of neurons are
A
B
C
D
3
reception neuron, conduction neuron and action neuron
sensory neuron, motor neuron, and conduction neuron
sensory neuron, conduction neuron, and action neuron
sensory neuron, motor neuron, and interneuron
The brain stem comprises
A
B
C
D
4
holding neurons together
conducting nerve impulses
providing nutrients to neurons
producing neurotransmitters
pons, basal ganglia, and recticular formation
cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and basal ganglia
medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum
cerebellum, basal ganglia, and recticular formation
The structure Y in the following figure is the
A
B
C
D
tail of caudate
head of caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
Note to lecturer:
To create more questions, you can substitute the letter Y with the other letters shown on the
diagram.
5
The structure X in the following figure is the
41
A
B
C
D
cerebellum
cortex
pons
medulla oblongata
Note to lecturer:
To create more questions, you can substitute the letter X with the other letters shown on the
diagram.
6
Which of the following functions is usually associated with the limbic system?
A
B
C
D
7
Which of the following functions is usually associated with the basal ganglia?
A
B
C
D
8
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with auditory perception?
A
B
C
D
10
motor
speech
somatosensory
regulation of emotion
Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with executive function?
A
B
C
D
9
motor
speech
somatosensory
regulation of emotion
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with memory function?
42
A
B
C
D
11
Amyloid plaques are usually found in the brain of patients with
A
B
C
D
12
C
D
closed head injury
open head injury
symptomatic epilepsy
idiopathic epilepsy
_____ stroke is more common and it is associated with _____
A
B
C
D
17
memory and learning difficulties, disorientation, and loss of consciousness
memory and learning difficulties, disorientation, and problems with abstract
thinking
disorientation, loss of sensation, and problems with abstract thinking
loss of consciousness, loss of sensation, and problems with abstract thinking
The Glasgow Coma Scale is usually associated with
A
B
C
D
16
stroke
traumatic brain injury
Alzheimer’s disease
brain tumour
The main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are
A
B
15
is different for different sufferers
is the same for all sufferers
can be identified
cannot be identified
According to the textbook, which of the following conditions is the largest single cause
of disability among neurological disorders in Australia?
A
B
C
D
14
closed head injury
epilepsy
Alzheimer’s disease
brain tumour
In idiopathic epilepsy, the cause of the seizure
A
B
C
D
13
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
haemorrhagic; blockage of arteries
haemorrhagic; rupture of arteries
ischemic; blockage of arteries
ischemic; rupture of arteries
Headache, stiff neck and dizziness are usually associated with
A
B
C
D
open head injury
cerebral infection
stroke
epilepsy
43
18
Slowing in speed in information processing is usually associated with
A
B
C
D
19
According to the textbook, who was the first person to use the term neuropsychology in
a publication?
A
B
C
D
20
Wechsler Memory Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
Boston Aphasia Battery
The Finger Tapping Test of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is used to
assess
A
B
C
D
25
decide if a patient should be admitted to the hospital
guide medication prescription
help decide whether an MRI should be conducted
provide a comprehensive description of neuropsychological functions
Which of the following is a fixed neuropsychological battery?
A
B
C
D
24
reflex
attention
language
memory
A neuropsychological assessment is usually conducted to
A
B
C
D
23
rehabilitation
assessment
test construction
psycho-education
Which of the following functions is not commonly assessed by a clinical
neuropsychologist?
A
B
C
D
22
Muriel Lezak
Ward Halstead
Ralph Reitan
Donald Hebb
Which of the following is not the job of a clinical neuropsychologist?
A
B
C
D
21
open head injury
tumour
epilepsy
closed head injury
motor speed
motor strength
visual-motor coordination
visual-motor integration
The Stroop Color-Word Interference Test is usually used as a test of
A
B
verbal fluency
visual perception
44
C
D
26
Human attention is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise
A
B
C
D
27
motor strength
sensation
language
attention
Most neuropsychological tests of memory and learning are involved in the assessment
of
A
B
C
D
30
concept formation, memory, and problem solving
concept formation, planning, and problem solving
attention span, planning, and problem solving
concept formation, planning, and motor strength
Aphasia literally means no
A
B
C
D
29
focused attention, selective attention, and executive attention
attention span, focused attention, and selective attention
attention span, selective attention, and executive attention
focused attention, attention span, and immediate attention
Executive function is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise
A
B
C
D
28
memory
attention
implicit memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
short-term memory
The Purdue Pegboard is a test of motor dexterity and was originally developed to
A
B
C
D
select assembly line workers
detect brain damage
select school children
estimate IQ
Answers for Chapter 9
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. A
16. C
17. B
18. D
19. D
20. C
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. A
45
Chapter 10
Forensic Psychological Testing and
Assessment
1
The word ‘forensic’ means
A
B
C
D
2
Compared to other branches of professional psychology, forensic psychology is
A
B
C
D
3
D
assisting lawyers in preparing prosecution/defence cases
acting as expert witness in court
changing public opinion about criminal behaviour
forensic psychological testing and assessment
The primary purpose of forensic psychological testing and assessment is
A
B
C
D
6
psychologists had not been asked to appear in courts as expert witness
psychologists had been asked to appear in courts as expert witness
psychologists were not interested in contributing to the working of the legal and
criminal justice systems
psychologists were not allowed to contribute to the working of the legal and
criminal justice systems
According to the textbook, one of the major contributions of forensic psychology is
A
B
C
D
5
relatively young
relatively old
based on theories
not based on theories
Before the recognition of forensic psychology as a specialty area of psychology
A
B
C
4
criminal
justice
of or used in connection with courts of law
investigation
to assist those who work in the legal and criminal justice system to make
decisions
to enable forensic psychologists to act as expert witnesses
to help with law enforcement
to help suspects in criminal cases
When psychologists in other professional areas (e.g., clinical, neuropsychological,
organisational) engage in forensic assessment
A
B
C
D
they are not expected to follow guidelines and ethics in forensic psychology
they are expected to follow guidelines and ethics in forensic psychology
they are required by law to consult a forensic psychologist
they are required by law to consult a lawyer
46
7
According to Ogloff and Douglas, the results of forensic assessment are needed if they
are found by the court to be
A
B
C
D
8
In deciding whether forensic psychological evidence is admissible in a court of law,
which of the following requirements must be satisfied?
A
B
C
D
9
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
In Australia and other Commonwealth countries, the three main jurisdictions are
A
B
C
D
13
to use commercially available tests that are documented in at least two sources
to use a test that has a standardisation sample with n = 1000
to make sure the test chosen is applicable or suitable to the person being assessed
to use a test that is directly relevant to the legal issue involved, or at least use a
test that assesses psychological constructs that are relevant to the legal issue
In Australia, the minimum length of university training required for membership of the
College of Forensic Psychology, Australian Psychological Society, is
A
B
C
D
12
may provide factual information as well as offer an opinion
cannot be prosecuted for perjury
may offer an opinion but not provide factual information
is not subjected to cross-examination
According to Heilbrun, which of the following is not a requirement for selecting
psychological tests to use in a court case?
A
B
C
D
11
the evidence is required by the judge or jury to assist in decision making
the evidence is provided by a suitably qualified professional
the evidence is based on scientific facts or data that are widely accepted by other
experts in the area
all of the above
Compared to other witnesses in a court case, an expert witness
A
B
C
D
10
of assistance to the prosecutors
provided by a registered forensic psychologist
relevant and related to one or more legal standards raised by a case
of assistance to the defence lawyers
criminal, civil, and family
criminal, civil, and high
family, high, and criminal
local, family, and high
Forensic assessment is considered different from therapeutic assessment because
A
B
C
D
the validity of the tests used is different
the time required to conduct assessment is different
the tests used for assessment are different
the purpose of assessment is different
47
14
The standards being considered in forensic assessment include scientific, professional,
and
A
B
C
D
15
In forensic assessment, the response style of a client is
A
B
C
D
16
forensic, forensically related, and clinical
forensic, forensically related, and experimental
intelligence, personality, and neuropsycholgical
clinical, experimental, and forensic
The MacArthur Competence Assessment tool is an example of a(n) _____ assessment
instrument
A
B
C
D
21
the psychologist and client always share similar purposes
the psychologist and client do not always share the same purpose
the psychologist is expected to assist the client
the psychologist is not required to be objective
According to Heilbrun, Roger, and Otto, the three types of assessment instruments used
in forensic assessment are
A
B
C
D
20
more valid
more expensive
longer, more comprehensive, and more detailed
shorter but more detailed
In forensic assessment
A
B
C
D
19
the client only
the court only
the client and the court
the client, the attorney, and the court
Compared to a therapeutic assessment report, a forensic assessment report is
A
B
C
D
18
assumed to be reliable
not assumed to be reliable
assumed to be chronological
not assumed to be chronological
The person(s) served by forensic assessment include
A
B
C
D
17
legal
economic
social
all of the above
clinical
experimental
forensic
objective
The Psychopathy Checklist – Revised is an example of a _____ assessment instrument
A
B
projective
forensically-related
48
C
D
22
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 is an example of a(n) _____
assessment instrument
A
B
C
D
23
the child’s interest and well-being are paramount
the validity of the tests used is paramount
the time spent on testing is paramount
the parents’ financial situations are paramount
The Structured Interview of Report Symptoms was designed to
A
B
C
D
28
lying; and high tolerance of pain
lying; and chronically unstable and antisocial lifestyle
callous, selfish, remorseless use of other; and lying
callous, selfish, remorseless use of other; and chronically unstable and antisocial
lifestyle
When conducting forensic assessment in child custody cases, the American
Psychological Association emphasises that psychologists need to keep in mind that
A
B
C
D
27
forensic psychiatrists
forensic psychologists
clinical psychologists
clinical neuropsychologists
The Psychopathy Checklist – Revised provides one overall score and the following
factor scores
A
B
C
D
26
malingering
prediction of aggression
prediction of sexual preference
custody evaluation
In Australia, assessment of competency to stand trial is usually conducted by
A
B
C
D
25
forensically related
forensic
clinical
experimental
Forensic assessment has contributed to all except which of the following areas?
A
B
C
D
24
clinical
forensic
assess psychopathy
detect malingering
evaluate competency to stand trial
assess antisocial behaviour
One of the most common symptoms associated with malingering is
A
B
C
D
dementia
back pain
memory
headache
49
29
In malingering assessment, the term sensitivity is defined as
A
B
C
D
30
proportion of simulators correctly classified
proportion of non-simulators correctly classified
proportion of simulators incorrectly classified
proportion of non-simulators incorrectly classified
Which of the following is not a limitation of forensic assessment?
A
B
C
D
low reliability and validity
time required to complete assessment
susceptibility to faking of self-report instruments used
small sample size used in most validation studies
Answers for Chapter 10
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. B
22. C
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. A
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. B
50
Chapter 11
Educational Testing and Assessment
1
Herbart’s five-step process was
A
B
C
D
2
Achievement tests assess
A
B
C
D
3
using assessment devices to facilitate learning
assessment devices used for evaluative purposes
the sum of the correct answers on a test
the format of particular test items
A take-home exam is a good example of
A
B
C
D
7
the sum of the correct answers on a test
using assessment devices to facilitate learning
assessment devices used for evaluative purposes
the format of particular test items
Formative assessment refers to
A
B
C
D
6
past learning
future learning potential
need for achievement
innate potential
Summative assessment refers to
A
B
C
D
5
past learning
future learning potential
need for achievement
innate potential
Aptitude tests assess
A
B
C
D
4
experience an activity, reflect on that experience, extract the general principles,
apply them to a new situation, and repeat the process
start with a case study, tell a story, summarise the story, extract the lesson, and
apply it to a new situation
motivate the subject matter, present the material, integrate it with what is already
known, extract the lesson, and apply it to a new situation
motivate the subject matter, present the material, integrate it with what is already
known, emphasise general principles, and facilitate practice
aptitude assessment
summative assessment
achievement assessment
formative assessment
Local norms refer to
A
parent’s attitudes towards testing
51
B
C
D
8
The WISC–IV is a good example of
A
B
C
D
9
B
C
D
none
one
two
three
J C Raven invented the progressive matrices in an attempt to develop a pure measure of
A
B
C
D
14
none
one
two
three
When computing the Full Scale IQ on the WISC–IV, how many substitutions are
permitted?
A
B
C
D
13
complement supermental tests
extend the range of abilities sampled
complement fundamental tests
give test administrators choice over which subtests to use
When computing the index scores on the WISC–IV, how many substitutions are
permitted?
A
B
C
D
12
Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory
Index, Processing Speed Index
Verbal Index, Perceptual Index, Performance Index, Full Scale Index
Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, Full Scale IQ
Similarities Index, Block Design Index, Digit Span Index, Coding Index
The purpose of supplemental tests in the WISC–IV is to
A
B
C
D
11
a test designed for preschool children
an individually administered achievement test
an individually administered aptitude test
a formative mode of assessment
What are the index scores that can be calculated from the WISC–IV?
A
10
test norms developed for particular geographical regions
local government policy on testing and assessment
tests designed by a teacher for use in a particular class
Spearman’s g
matrix reasoning
progressive intelligence
performance IQ
Raven’s progressive matrices were designed to be
A
B
C
D
self-training
self-administering
used with only a small section of the population
used only by people who are colour-blind
52
15
Raven’s progressive matrices are considered to be
A
B
C
D
16
General aptitude tests are good measures of _____ abilities, whereas general
achievement tests are good measures of _____ abilities
A
B
C
D
17
idealistic career choices
sensible and achievable career aspirations
jobs involving direct interaction with the physical world
straight-talking vocational counsellors who get to the point
Investigative people prefer
A
B
C
D
22
occupations
hobbies and pastimes
self-rated competencies
school subjects
Realistic people prefer
A
B
C
D
21
oral expression
learning difficulties
eligibility for placement in special education programs
giftedness
The earliest form of vocational interest test consisted of a list of
A
B
C
D
20
individual achievement
verbal and performance abilities
incidental and non-incidental learning
literacy and numeracy
The WIAT–II is not designed to assess
A
B
C
D
19
crystallised; fluid
fluid; crystallised
cognitive; developmental
developmental; cognitive
The WIAT–II assesses
A
B
C
D
18
based on matrix algebra
based on progressive thought
culture fair
culturally dependent
analysing and solving problems
detective work
finding out about many occupations before making a final decision
persuading and negotiating with other people
Artistic people value
A
B
C
D
conformity
creativity
working with their hands
expensive paintings
53
23
Social people enjoy
A
B
C
D
24
Enterprising people prefer
A
B
C
D
25
Rational, Imaginative, Affected, Sentimental, Entrepreneurial, Conservative
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Entrepreneurial, Conventional
Realistic Interest Assessment Scoring for Each Candidate
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
The best measure of RIASEC is the
A
B
C
D
30
was originally developed in the 1920s
compares strong interests to weak interests
assesses the strength of a person’s vocational interests
was developed by Holland to supplement the SDS
RIASEC stands for
A
B
C
D
29
circumplex
triangle
hexagon
dodecahedron
The Strong Vocational Interest Inventory
A
B
C
D
28
office work
9-to-5 jobs
plain colours and quiet suburbs
jobs with a low level of structure
Holland’s model of vocational interests is structured around a
A
B
C
D
27
compiling business data
starting their own business
carefully researching all the options before making a decision
sales and marketing occupations
Conventional people prefer
A
B
C
D
26
gossip
going to parties
interacting with other people
working with their hands
SDS
SVII
WISC–IV
RPM
The basic dimensions of the structure of vocational interests are
A
B
C
D
hexagonal in shape
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
People vs Things and Data vs Ideas
circular in nature
54
Answers for Chapter 11
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. D
19. A
20. C
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. C
27. A
28. D
29. B
30. C
55
Chapter 12
The Future of Testing and Assessment
1
The theory of multiple intelligences posits the existence of
A
B
C
D
2
Practical intelligence involves
A
B
C
D
3
D
using a computer to present a pencil-and-paper test
working through a test booklet without paying adequate attention
working through a test booklet with the help of an assistant to turn the pages, if
necessary
an Internet test in which the pages are hyperlinked
The cross-mode correlation between non-speeded computerised and pencil-and-paper
tests is about
A
B
C
D
7
knowledge of emotional states
the ability to feign emotions when necessary
the ability to recognise and control one’s own and others’ emotions
the emotional reaction that occurs when completing an intelligence test
Automatic page turning is
A
B
C
6
declarative knowledge gained through instruction
procedural knowledge gained through experience
knowledge of tacits
knowledge of how to do well on tests
Emotional intelligence is
A
B
C
D
5
knowledge of processes and procedures
knowledge of facts and figures
knowledge of practical skills like woodwork and car maintenance
knowledge of how to cheat other people without being caught
Tacit knowledge is
A
B
C
D
4
a new intelligence for every person tested
transpersonal, suprapersonal and artistic intelligences
practical intelligence
interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence
0.30
–0.72
–0.85
0.97
MAT is to CAT as MANOVA is to
A
B
C
ANOVA
CANOVA
ANCOVA
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D
8
CAT involves
A
B
C
D
9
its latent factor-centred design
its dependency on Item Response Theory
an examinee is required to complete a CAT before moving onto a MAT
an examinee is required to remember the instructions of all subtests
simultaneously
Item-generation techniques are easy to apply to
A
B
C
D
14
the frequent chopping and changing between item types
its multidimensional adaptability
its prolonged administration time
a MAT is basically a collection of CATs
Another disadvantage of MAT is
A
B
C
D
13
SAT is more efficient than CAT
CAT is more efficient than MAT
MAT is more efficient than CAT
CAT, SAT and MAT are equally efficient
A disadvantage of MAT is
A
B
C
D
12
testing clothing manufacturers
tailoring a test to an organisation’s needs
adapting test content to an examinee in real time
tailoring feedback to a person’s emotional state
Which of the following statements is true?
A
B
C
D
11
Computer Assisted Tomography
a computer continuously monitoring an examinee’s performance and presenting
items depending on the person’s performance so far
a computer scoring a large number of tests and providing a report that is most
appropriate for each person
the application of classical test theory
Tailored testing involves
A
B
C
D
10
PAVLOVA
verbal items
figural ability items
open-ended questions
projective tests
The idea behind item-generative testing is that
A
B
C
D
new items are delivered via the Internet as soon as they become available
examinees generate their own items as they work through the test
teams of dedicated item writers are continuously updating new versions of the test
the computer randomly generates new items based on an underlying rule or
algorithm
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15
An examinee who sacrifices speed for accuracy is emphasising
A
B
C
D
16
An examinee who sacrifices accuracy for speed is emphasising
A
B
C
D
17
norming tests in an operational environment
norming a test by computer as the examinee works through it
continually updating test norms as new data comes in
choosing the most appropriate norms from a set of norms which vary in terms of
age and gender
‘Digital divide’ refers to
A
B
C
D
22
authentication of examinees
privacy of personal information
confidentiality of test items
all of the above
‘Dynamic norming’ refers to
A
B
C
D
21
retrieval of test data
dissemination of test items
obtaining informed consent
updating methods of scoring
Security concerns for Internet tests include
A
B
C
D
20
rapidly parameterising a test so it can be made adaptive
accurately timing how long it takes examinees to complete a test
using the time needed to answer as one of the difficulty dimensions of a test
setting strict time limits for all tests
Which of the following is not an area of advantage for Internet testing?
A
B
C
D
19
quality over quantity
quantity over quality
reliability over validity
relevance over contamination
Time-parameterisation involves
A
B
C
D
18
quality over quantity
quantity over quality
reliability over validity
relevance over contamination
inequality of access to computer systems among the general public
an efficient method of long division developed for digital computers
a particular test scoring technique in which fractions are dropped when raw scores
are converted to scaled scores
a numerical subtest in which examinees are presented with division problems
‘Unsupervised mode’ refers to
A
B
C
learning to use a test by reading the test manual
the most frequent score on an unsupervised test
delivering tests to the public without the intervention of a psychologist
58
D
23
‘Open mode’ refers to
A
B
C
D
24
Internet testing
shorter, simpler tests
latent-factor centred design
computerised adaptive testing
Some authors have suggested that, in the future, psychological tests will include
A
B
C
D
30
Internet piracy
access to an international audience
translation of tests into multiple languages
determining which assessment standards apply
In spite of the increasing technical sophistication of tests, there is a growing demand for
A
B
C
D
29
tests used in executive recruitment
managing the modal response on a test
managed care in health delivery
formal examination conditions
Globalisation poses unique challenges to psychological testing, especially in terms of
A
B
C
D
28
the most frequent score on a supervised test
the presence of a human supervisor or test administrator
supervision of one’s testing practice by an experienced psychologist
tests developed while under the supervision of an experienced psychologist
‘Managed mode’ refers to
A
B
C
D
27
logging on to a testing site using a password
determining the modal test score by controlling the range of responses
control of test development by a test publisher
maintaining tight control over the testing situation
‘Supervised mode’ refers to
A
B
C
D
26
presenting a puzzle box in an unlocked state
open source development of tests by the Internet community
a statistic that indexes central tendency by being open to all data points
anyone being able to access a test without any form of authentication
‘Controlled mode’ refers to
A
B
C
D
25
web bots trawling the Internet for resumés and information about potential job
candidates
holograms
artificial intelligence
virtual reality
all of the above
Which form of feedback is likely to be most beneficial?
A
a set of normed scores supplemented by descriptions of the constructs being
measured
59
B
C
D
a canned report provided by a computer
an assessment by a qualified psychologist that takes into account the examinee’s
state of mind and readiness to receive feedback
a graph of the examinee’s profile of scores supplemented by descriptions of the
constructs being measured
Answers for Chapter 12
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. A
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. D
20. C
21. A
22. C
23. D
24. A
25. B
26. D
27. D
28. B
29. D
30. C
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