Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study
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Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 Carbohydrates: mouth Start digestion in the ________________. Mechanical? Chemical? salivary glands salivary amylase Secretions: ____________________ from __________________. oligosaccharides (Break down __________________ into __________________) polysaccharides duodenum Digestion continues in the _______________________ Mechanical? Chemical? brush border brush border enzymes Secretions: ______________________ from _________________ maltose, sucrose, lactose oligosaccharides breaks __________________ into _________________________ Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 Then: brush border maltase Secretions: ______________ from____________________ breaks glucose maltose __________________ into __________________ brush border sucrase Secretions: ________________ from_________________ breaks fructose sucrose __________________ into __________________ lactase brush border Secretions: ________________ from_________________ breaks galactose lactose __________________ into __________________ Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 pancreatic amylase Pancreas adds ___________________which assists in breaking maltose ____________ into ___________ glucose gallbladder liver The ________________/_____________ contributes additional fructose enzymes to break down ____________ and glucose galactose _______________ into the monosaccharide ___________________, which is used by the cells to make ATP. Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 Proteins: stomach Start digestion in the ________________. Mechanical? Chemical? parietal cells HCl Secretions: ____________________ from __________________ denatures (affects pH) and ________________ protein structure. chief cells Pepsinogen Secretions: ____________________ from ______________ is pepsin converted into __________________. Polypeptides _________________ have been broken down into smaller polypeptides ___________________ at this point. Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 Digestion continues in the _______________________ duodenum Mechanical? Chemical? pancreas Secretions come from two sources____________ and ________________ brush border cells pancreas Secretions from: _______________neutralize the __________________ acidic chyme trypsin They also contain _______________ and ________________which chymotrypsin even smaller polypeptides polypeptides break _____________ into ________________________ Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 border cells Secretions from the __________ __________________: include brush aminopeptidase carboxypeptidase _________________ and _________________. These amino acids break __________________ into __________________. small polypeptides amino acids Absorption of the __________________________ happens in the jejunum ileum _______________ and ______________ (parts of small intestine). Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook The amino acids are then absorbed from the villi ___________________ (folds in the lining of the capillaries small intestine) to the ___________________ into the hepatic portal vein _______________________, a major blood vessel leading into the liver. November 16, 2015 Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook Digestive System Review Questions 1. List the four major functions of the digestive system. Digestion ·Breakdown of ingested food ·Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism ·Production of cellular energy (ATP) ·Constructive and degradative cellular activities 2. What is mastication? Chewing! November 16, 2015 Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 3. Where can you find the following: bolus, chyme, and feces. bolus: mouth, esophagus chyme: stomach, small intestine feces: large intestine 4. What is peristalsis (peristaltic waves?) alternating contractions of the muscle layers in the alimentary canal from the esophagus to the stomach to the small and then large intestines. Could you drink water standing on your head? How does the water move from your mouth to your stomach – is gravity necessary? 5. What are the three divisions of the small intestine? (list from proximal to distal – in reference to the stomach). duodenum, jejunum, ileum Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 6. What is the location and function of a villus? ­ finger­like structures formed by the mucosa ­ give the small intestine more surface area ­ this provides more area for nutrients to be absorbed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GTQBiZni6w 7. Make a drawing of the large intestine and label the following parts: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal. Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 8. Be able to label a drawing of the entire digestive system and label the following parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon (and name the specific parts of the colon.) http://nrhs.nred.org/www/nred_nrhs/site/hosting/Resource %20Collections/resourcefiles/resourcefiles/ResourcesContd/ DigestionWeb/picsandpages/digestionmain.htm The Web Anatomy website has several exercises that can help you with reviewing the gross anatomy of the digestive system. http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/Webanatomy/digestive/default.html Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook 9. Where do the following glands connect to the alimentary canal? Liver, pancreas, salivary glands? The liver connects to the gall bladder, which empties the bile salts through the bile duct into the duodenum. The pancreas also empties its juices into the the duodenum. The salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth. November 16, 2015 Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook 10. What is the function and location of the following enzymes? Which glands produce them? mouth, begins starch digestion (polysaccharides into Salivary amylase oligosaccharides), salivary glands Pepsin stomach, begins protein digestion, comes from pepsinogen which is produced by the chief cells and modified by HCl from the parietal cells Bile salts (not really an enzyme – it’s more of a “detergent”) duodenum, begins lipid digestion, distributed by the gall bladder but made in the liver Pancreatic amylase duodenum, continues starch digestion (oligosccharides broken down into disaccharides), pancreas Pancreatic lipase duodenum, continues lipid digestion (micelles into triglycerides and fatty acids/glycerol), pancreas November 16, 2015 Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook Trypsin duodenum , continues protein digestion, pancreas Carboxypeptidase Chymotrypsin duodenum , continues protein digestion, pancreas duodenum (brush border), continues protein digestion after the pancreatic enzymes, pancreas November 16, 2015 Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 1211. Use Figure 14.11 (page 476) to answer the following questions: ­ Where in the digestive system does carbohydrate digestion begin? What enzyme(s)/secretions are involved? mouth; salivary amylase ­ Where in the digestive system does protein digestion begin? What enzyme(s)/secretions are involved? stomach; HCl denatures the protein, then alters pepsinogen ­ turns it into pepsin. Pepsin starts digestion. ­ Where in the digestive system does lipid digestion begin? What enzyme(s)/secretions are involved? duodenum; bile salts from gall bladder/liver, then pancreatic lipase Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 11 12. In what part of the digestive system do you find the highest quantity of water absorption? the highest quantity of nutrient absorption? water absorption = large intestine nutrient absorption = jejunum . Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook 14. November 16, 2015 Be able to trace the path of a carbohydrate through the digestive process. 1) Study the OUTLINE from class 2) Mechanical Digestion is the SAME for all forms of digestion! Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook 15. November 16, 2015 Be able to trace the path of a protein through the digestive process. 1) Study the OUTLINE from class 2) Mechanical Digestion is the SAME for all forms of digestion! Digestive System Practice Carb and Protein digestion WITH Study Guide answers.notebook November 16, 2015 16. Be able to trace the path of a lipid through the digestive process. 1) Study the OUTLINE from class 2) Mechanical Digestion is the SAME for all forms of digestion!
