Imperialism Review Sheet
1. What was the main difference between colonies and protectorates?
-in colonies the superior country controls both external and internal government
policy, whereas in the protectorate the superior country only controls external
government policy and the inferior country retains their own internal control
2. What was the European policy of paternalism?
-Europe believed it was their duty to watch over and take care of the colonies
like they were children that needed a father
3. What country adopted and then largely abandoned the policy of assimilation
in Africa?
-France
4. How did Melnik II differ from other 19th-century African leaders?
-He was able to maintain his nation’s independence (Ethiopia)
5. How were national boundaries determined in Africa during the 19th
Century?
-unnaturally imposed (boundaries drawn) by external (European) nations
6. What happened to the Ottoman Empire by 1914? (clue) Size?
-it declined to 1/3 its greatest size
7. Who fought in the Crimean war and of those who lost?
-Ottomans (with help from Britain and France) versus Russians. The Russians
were defeated, but Ottomans weaknesses were brought to the world’s attention
8. Muhammad Ali instituted a series of reforms in the military and in the
economy of what nation?
-Egypt
9. In 1907, what was divided into spheres of influence by Russia and Britian?
-Persia
10. What does the term Raj mean?
-the period of Indian history during which India was controlled by Britain
11. Who were the Sepoys?
-Indian Soldiers who worked for the British East India Co.
12. What were the causes of the Sepoy mutiny?
-Nationalism, Religious beliefs (no beef or pork fat- cartridges), resentment of
British rule
13. What was the result of the Sepoy mutiny?
-the British government tightened its control over India
14. What did Ram Mohun Roy believe Indians must do in order to successfully
move towards independence?
-Change some of their cultural and religious practices (Westernize)
15. What is the Pacific Rim and what countries were located on it?
-lands that border the Pacific Ocean- Indochina, Singapore, Philippines
16. What was Malaysia the world’s leading exporter of?
-rubber
17. The main reason for British colonization of Singapore was to obtain the use
of what?
-they needed the harbor
18. Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch of what country?
-Hawaii
19. Which country was modernized by King Mongkut?
-Siam
20. What lands were acquired by the US in the Spanish-American War?
-Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines
21. Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
-resistance leader in the Philippines
22. What US business interest group pushed for the annexation of Hawaii?
-sugar cane planters (Dole)
23. Why was India called the “jewel in the crown”?
-It was the most valuable of Britain’s colonies
24. What was the main reason for the Crimean War?
-Russia wanted a warm water port on the Black Sea to gain access to the
Mediterranean
25. What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
-Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders
26. Why did the Vietnamese begin to resist against the French?
-peasants had less rice to eat because the French were exporting most of it
27. Why did some US business leaders want Hawaii to be annexed to the United
States?
-sugar could be sold for higher profits (no tariff on sugar if Hawaii is a state)
28. What was the main cause of inadequate food supplies in Africa during
European colonization?
-Europeans insistence on the growth of cash crops that could be sold for profit
(ex: cotton)
29. Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?
-Egypt could not pay its debt
30. How does the Crimean War represent geopolitics (taking land for strategic
purposes)?
-Russia needed a sea port on the Mediterranean to become a world power
31. Why did American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani?
-she wanted to restore political power to native Hawaiians
32. How were Muhammad Ali’s policies and European colonial policies similar?
-peasants were forced to grow cash crops instead of food
33. Why was Ram Mohun Roy considered the “Father of Modern India”
-he called for an end to traditional practices such as arranged child marriages
34. Why did Western nations desire lands in the Pacific Rim?
-they wanted natural resources and strategic locations for ports
35. What nation was the only nation to carry on trade with Japan before the
mid-1800’s?
-China
36. What nations signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, opening ports for trade?
-United States and Japan
37. After which nation did Japan decide to model a strong central government
during the Meiji era?
-Germany
38. What happened as a result of the Sino-Japanese War?
-China was forced out of Korea, Japan took control of Korea
39. Over what issue did Japan and Russia go to war?
-Japan’s imposed annexation(no vote of Korean people) of Korea
40. Why did Panama allow the US to build a canal across its territory?
-to gain independence from Colombia and for profit ($10 million)
41. What was the Monroe Doctrine?
-to reduce the threat of European interference in the affairs of the new Latin
American Republics, US stated its policy that Europe could no longer colonize in
the Americas
42. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
-the statement by the US that it alone had the right to be an “international police
power” in the Western Hemisphere
43. The building of the Panama Canal reduced the sea route from the west coast
to the east coast of the US by about how many miles?
- 9,000 miles
44. After what war did Spain cede lands (their last colonies) to the United
States?
-Spanish American War