AP Summative Content Exam
Literary Movements
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“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” by Jonathan Edwards is an example of which type of
literature? A. Puritan literature. B. Romantic literature. C. Gothic literature. D. Modernist
literature.
The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an example of which type of literature? A. Puritan
literature. B. Romantic literature. C. Gothic literature. D. Modernist literature.
“The Devil and Tom Walker,” by Washington Irving is an example of which type of literature? A.
Puritan literature. B. Romantic literature. C. Age of Reason literature. D. Modernist literature.
Which one of the following literary movements best describes the authors who challenged white
paternalism and racism, and who celebrated black dignity and creativity? A. The Enlightenment.
B. Transcendentalism. C. Romanticism. D. The Harlem Renaissance.
“Upon the Burning of our House,” by Anne Bradstreet is an example of which type of literature?
A. Puritan literature. B. Romantic literature. C. Gothic literature. D. Modernist literature. E.
Harlem Renaissance literature.
Which author would be considered a writer during The Enlightenment Period, also known as The
Age of Reason (1750-1800)? A. J. D. Salinger. B. Patrick Henry. C. F. Scott Fitzgerald. D.
Edgar Allan Poe
Among the core beliefs of these writers was an ideal spiritual state that moved beyond the physical
and empirical and was only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the
doctrines of established religions. This literary movement was called: A. Romanticism. B.
Puritanism. C. Transcendentalism. D. The Enlightenment.
The intellectual and philosophical developments of a specific age in American history and
literature aspired toward more freedom for common people based on self-governance, natural
rights, natural law, central emphasis on liberty, individual rights, reason, and common sense. This
literary movement was called: A. Romanticism. B. Puritanism. C. Transcendentalism. D. The
Enlightenment.
This group of people wanted to purify, simplify the Protestant Church—they felt their light in
America would be a beacon to the rest of the world. They were: A. Puritans. B. Romantic
writers. C. Transcendentalists.
Though romantic in many aspects, the writings of Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman paved the
way for which literary movement? A. The Enlightenment. B. Puritanism. C.
Transcendentalism. D. Realism.
Two famous transcendentalist writers were: A. Edgar Allan Poe and Washington Irving. B.
Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. C. Patrick Henry and Benjamin Franklin.
Langston Hughes wrote the poems “A Dream Deferred,” and “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” To
which type of literature does his poetry belong? A. Puritan literature. B. Romantic literature. C.
Gothic literature. D. Modernist literature. E. Harlem Renaissance literature.
“The Raven,” “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” “The Black Cat,”
and “The Tell-Tale Heart” were all written by this gothic writer: A. Jonathan Edwards. B. Edgar
Allan Poe. C. Ralph Waldo Emerson. D. Benjamin Franklin
“Three can keep a secret if two of them are dead,” and “a small leak can sink a great ship” are two
aphorisms written by which American author? A. Jonathan Edwards. B. Edgar Allan Poe. C.
Ralph Waldo Emerson. D. Benjamin Franklin
The Civil War era is associated with which literary movement? A. Romanticism. B. Realism.
C. Transcendentalism. D. Modernism.
The Realist Literary Movement occurred during which years? A. 1450-1660. B. 1700-1770. C.
1800-1860. D. 1850-1914 E. 1914-1939.
The Enlightenment era occurred around: A. 1450-1660. B. 1700-1770. C. 1800-1860. D.
1850-1914 E. 1914-1939.
The Modernist Literary Movement occurred around: A. 1450-1660. B. 1700-1770. C. 18001860. D. 1850-1914 E. 1914-1939.
19. The Transcendentalist writers were a part of what literary movement? A. Colonial literature. B.
Romantic literature. C. Modernist literature. D. Realist literature.
20. The Romantic Literary Movement occurred around what era? A. 1450-1660. B. 1700-1770. C.
1800-1860. D. 1850-1914 E. 1914-1939.
21. The Harlem Renaissance was a part of which literary movement? A. Colonial literature. B.
Romantic literature. C. Modernist literature. D. Realist literature.
22. Ambrose Bierce wrote “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” during which literary movement?
A. Colonial literature. B. Romantic literature. C. Modernist literature. D. Realist literature.
23. Dark Romantic poets were also called: A. Ex-patriots. B. Naturalists C. Gothic writers D.
Realists
24. The Great Depression occurred during which literary movement? ? A. Realist B.
Transcendentalist C. Modernist. D. Naturalist.
25. Rationalism belongs to which literary movement? A. Realist B. Transcendentalist C. The
Enlightenment. D. Naturalist.
Match the Author to the Work
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Walden
“The Gettysburg Address”
“A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim”
“The Story of an Hour”
The Catcher in the Rye
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
The Declaration of Independence
“Because I could not stop for Death”
“The Lowest Animal”
“The Secret Life of Walter Mitty”
“The Black Cat”
“Speech to the Virginia Convention”
The Crucible
“To Build a Fire”
1984
“The Devil and Tom Walker”
“Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”
“The Crisis, No. 1”
“Incident”
“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
“Harrison Bergeron”
Night
“Soldier’s Home”
“Hospital Sketches”
The Great Gatsby
“Self-Reliance”
A. Jonathan Edwards
B. Patrick Henry
C. Thomas Paine
D. Thomas Jefferson
E. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
F. Washington Irving
G. Ralph Waldo Emerson
H. Henry David Thoreau
I. Edgar Allan Poe
J. Walt Whitman
K. Lousia May Alcott
L. Emily Dickinson
M. Abraham Lincoln
O. Mark Twain
P. Jack London
Q. Kate Chopin
R. T.S. Eliot
S. William Carlos Williams
T. Ernest Hemingway
U. F. Scott Fitzgerald
V. James Thurber
W. Countee Cullen
X. Mohandas Gandhi
Y. Elie Wiesel
Z. Arthur Miller
AA. J.D. Salinger
Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Woman’s Rights Convention BB. George Orwell
Letter from Birmingham Jail
CC. Nathaniel Hawthorne
“This is Just to Say”
DD. Kurt Vonnegut Jr
“On Nonviolent Resistance”
EE. Martin Luther King, Jr
Logos, Ethos, and Pathos
56. I am a husband, a father, and a taxpayer. I’ve served faithfully for 20 years on the school board. I
deserve your vote for city council. A. Logos. B. Ethos. C. Pathos
57. Bob Dole wants to hurt the elderly by cutting Medicare. . A. Logos. B. Ethos. C. Pathos
58. “As a self-employed businessman, I have learned firsthand what it is like to try to make ends meet
in an unstable economy being manipulated by out-of-touch politicians.” A. Logos. B. Ethos. C.
Pathos
59. All men are mortal. Socrates was a man. Socrates is mortal. A. Logos. B. Ethos. C. Pathos
60. “We do not have enough money to pay for improvements to our railroads. And without
improvements, this transportation system will falter and thus hinder our economy. Therefore, we
should raise taxes to pay for better railroads.” . A. Logos. B. Ethos. C. Pathos
61. Send assistance because children are losing their mothers and fathers. Death by starvation is
extremely painful. A. Logos. B. Ethos. C. Pathos
Literary Terms: abstract noun, alliteration, allusion, anachronism, antithesis, aphorism, assonance, cliché,
concrete noun, epithet, euphemism, hyperbole, inversion, litotes, metaphor, onomatopoeia, oxymoron,
paradox, pleonasm, simile
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_____________ love, wisdom, nobility
_____________ Alexander the Great
_____________ His silken lies went unheard
_____________ One nuclear bomb can ruin your whole day.
_____________ correctional facility, bathroom tissue, held back
_____________ pretty ugly, same difference, almost exactly
_____________ the judge’s adherents thought he could walk on water.
_____________ Sandy sells sea shells down by the sea shore
_____________ table, chair, candle
_____________ Caesar looked at his wristwatch and he knew Brutus was on his way.
_____________ murmur, fizz, hiss
_____________ It’s a dog eat dog world, like a fish out of water, quiet as a mouse.
_____________ That car goes about a thousand miles an hour.
_____________ What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young
_____________ No one, rich or poor, will be accepted
_____________Stop he did.
_____________ He that lies down with dogs, rises up with fleas.
_____________ You’re as cold as ice
_____________ And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
_____________ Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more
Anadiplosis, Antistrophe, Antithesis, Apostrophe, Archaism, Asyndeton, Chiasmus, Polysyndeton,
Syllepsis, Zeugma
82. _______________ …we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground
83. _______________ He knowingly lied and we followed blindly.
84. _______________ He could listen as she spoke, or walk away, or sit down, or smile and pretend,
or not.
85. _______________ heretofore, thou, hence, thee
86. _______________ The King stands to tax us again. He has threatened our livelihood again. He
has enslaved us again.
87. _______________ In peace you are for war, and in war you long for peace.
88. _______________ Lust conquered shame, audacity fear, madness reason.
89. _______________ You have broken my heart in two. O’ Heaven, how shall I endeavor to live?
90. _______________ Now is the time for all men to fight: fight for freedom; fight for justice; fight
today.
91. _______________ You held your breath and the door for me.
Rhetorical Fallacies:
Rhetorical fallacies, or fallacies of argument, don’t allow for the open, two-way exchange of ideas upon
which meaningful conversations depend. Instead, they distract the reader with various appeals instead of
using sound reasoning. Keep in mind that they often overlap. They can be divided into three categories:
Emotional fallacies unfairly appeal to the audience’s emotions.
Ethical fallacies unreasonably advance the writer’s own authority or character.
Logical fallacies depend upon faulty logic.
Please identify the fallacy that best fits the statement.
EMOTIONAL FALLACIES: Sentimental appeal, Red Herring, Scare Tactics, Band Wagon,
Slippery Slope, Either/Or Choices, False Need
92. You know, Professor Smith, I really need to get an A in this class. I'd like to stop by during your
office hours later to discuss my grade. I'll be in your building anyways, visiting my father. He's
your dean, by the way. I'll see you later.
93. I think there is great merit in making the requirements stricter for the graduate students. I
recommend that you support it, too. After all, we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our
salaries affected.
94. If we force public elementary school pupils to wear uniforms, eventually we will require middle
school students to wear uniforms. If we require middle school students to wear uniforms, high
school requirements aren’t far off. Eventually even college students who attend state-funded,
public universities will be forced to wear uniforms.
95. Either we go to Panama City for the whole week of Spring Break, or we don’t go anywhere at all.
96. Fifty million Elvis fans can’t be wrong!
97. Only guys who wear Axe will get the girl.
98. It is awful the way seal pups are killed with baseball bats for their fur. This is proof that
Nordstrom department store is a bad place to shop.
ETHICAL FALLACIES: False Authority, Using Authority Instead of Evidence, Guilt by
Association, Dogmatism, Moral Equivalence, Ad Hominem, Straw Person
99. Michael Jordan is selling men’s underwear. I should buy some because he is a professional
basketball player.
100. I read somewhere that most cults are made up of vegetarians. We know that cults are filled with
kooks and weirdos. John and Mary are vegetarians so they must be weirdos."
101. My dad always says, “Believe me. I’m your dad!”
102. Bill: "I believe that abortion is morally wrong."
Dave: "Of course you would say that, you're a priest."
Bill: "What about the arguments I gave to support my position?"
Dave: "Those don't count. Like I said, you're a priest, so you have to say that abortion is wrong.
Further, you are just a lackey to the Pope, so I can't believe what you say."
103. My teacher assigned a 20 page research paper. He is just like Hitler.
104. My mom always says, “I still think whales are just fish—so there!”
105. Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I
can't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless like that."
LOGICAL FALLACIES: Hasty Generalization, Faulty Causality (Post Hoc), Non Sequitur,
Equivocation, Begging the Question, Faulty analogy, Stacked Evidence
106. If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law.
107. Sam is riding her bike in her home town in Maine, minding her own business. A station wagon
comes up behind her and the driver starts beeping his horn and then tries to force her off the road.
As he goes by, the driver yells "get on the sidewalk where you belong!" Sam sees that the car has
Ohio plates and concludes that all Ohio drivers are jerks.
108. The rain came down so hard that Jennifer actually called me.
109. Forcing students to attend cultural events is like herding cattle to slaughter. The students stampede
in to the event where they are systematically ‘put to sleep’ by the program.
110. All trees have bark.
All dogs bark.
Therefore, all dogs are trees.
111. My client killed Joe Smith, but the cause for his violent behavior was a life of eating Twinkies
and other junk food which impaired his judgment.
112. We need to get rid of the Internet because pedophiles lurk in chat rooms, pornographic material is
accessible and information on how to build bombs is available.
Capitalization and Apostrophe: Indicate which of the following punctuation is used appropriately.
113. A. High School. B. Highschool. C. Temple City high School.
114. A. Benjamin Franklin was never a president. B. Benjamin Franklin was never a President.
115. A. I take english. B. I take English.
116. A. Simon’s attitude is very disturbing. B. Simons’ attitude is very disturbing.
117. A. She wont pick up after herself. B. She won’t pick up after herself.
118. A. The children’s toys are all over the house. B. The childrens’ toys are all over the house.
Subject and Verb Agreement, Verb Tense Consistency
119. A. We always has a good time. B. We always have a good time.
120. A. In the future, we will drive cars in the air. B. In the future, we will drives cars in the air.
121. A. I never believes what he says, because he always lies. B. I never believe what he says, because
he always lies.
122. A. Last night we ate pizza, rented a movie, and play video games. B. Last night we ate pizza,
rented a movie, and played video games.
Basic Literary Terms Primarily Associated with Fiction:
123. The literary term that fits the notion of an incongruity between what is said and what is meant, or
between an understanding or expectation of a reality and what actually happens is: A. conflict.
B. plot. C. irony. D. symbol.
124. Elements of setting include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. A. true. B. false.
125. A broad idea, message, or lesson conveyed by a work, a message that is usually about life, society,
or human nature best relates to which literary term? A. theme. B. plot. C. setting. D. irony.
126. The use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning is best defined as:
A. theme. B. plot. C. setting. D. irony.
127. A disparity of expression and intention, or when a speaker says one thing but means another, or
when a literal meaning is contrary to its intended effect are examples of: A. verbal irony. B.
dramatic irony. C. situational irony.
128. The disparity of intention and result, when the result of an action is contrary to the desired or
expected effect is an example of: A. verbal irony. B. dramatic irony. C. situational irony.
129. A disparity of expression and awareness, when words and actions possess a significance that the
listener or audience understands, but the speaker or character does not is an example of: A. verbal
irony. B. dramatic irony. C. situational irony.
130. A disparity between human desires and the harsh realities of the outside world (or the whims of
the gods) is an example of: A. verbal irony. B. dramatic irony. C. cosmic irony.
131. The main character is a story is called the: A. protagonist B. antagonist.
132. The force against the main character is called the: A. protagonist. B. antagonist.
133. Characters who are one sided and less developed, and who tend to be minor characters are
considered: A. round characters. B. flat characters.
134. Characters who are stock characters, such as the stereotypical air head, tough guy, class clown,
etc. tend to be: A. round characters. B. flat characters.
135. Multi-dimensional characters, ones who tend to be more developed physically, mentally, and
emotionally and are detailed enough to seem real, are known as: A. round characters. B. flat
characters.
136. Characters that do not change in the story, ones that remain the same through the course of the
story are known as A. dynamic characters. B. static characters.
137. Characters that go through a significant change during the course of the story, including changes
of insight, understanding, commitment or values are said to be: A. dynamic characters. B. static
characters.
138. The time, location, circumstances, and characters, everything in which a story takes place, and
provides the main backdrop and mood for a story is known as: A. point of view. B. symbol. C.
theme. D. setting.
139. The perspective from which a story gets told, or who tells or narrates the story is called: A. point
of view. B. symbol. C. theme. D. setting.
140. This point of view is an outside voice that is able to go into the heart and/or mind of ONE
character. It is called: A. the third person omniscient point of view. B. the third person limited
omniscient point of view. C. the first person point of view. D. the objective point of view.
141. This narrative voice is a character in the story. He or she can only comment on the actions that
take place from his or her perspective. It is called: A. the third person omniscient point of view.
B. the third person limited omniscient point of view. C. the first person point of view. D. the
objective point of view.
142. This point of view is like a video camera that only records what is seen and heard, but can go no
further. It doesn’t make any commentary on the actions. It is called: A. the third person
omniscient point of view. B. the third person limited omniscient point of view. C. the first person
point of view. D. the objective point of view.
143. This narrative perspective is an outside voice that is able to go into the minds and/or hearts of
several characters in a story. It is called: A. the third person omniscient point of view. B. the third
person limited omniscient point of view. C. the first person point of view. D. the objective point
of view.
144. Which of the following terms should be expressed in at least one complete sentence? A. theme.
B. plot. C. setting. D. irony.
145. What happens in a story, the significant action that takes place in a story is best related to which
literary term? A. theme. B. plot. C. setting. D. irony.
146. In a plot, which term best relates to the events leading up to the climax? A. exposition B. rising
action C. climax D. falling action E. resolution
147. In a plot, which term best relates to the events which occur after the climax? These events start
tying up loose ends. A. exposition B. rising action C. climax D. falling action E. resolution
148. In a plot, which term best relates to the turning point of the story? It is a high point and is usually
somewhere in the middle of the story, but sometimes it is toward the end. A. exposition B. rising
action C. climax D. falling action E. resolution
149. In a plot, which term best relates to the introduction of the setting and characters at the beginning
of the story? A. exposition B. rising action C. climax D. falling action E. resolution
150. In a plot, which term best relates to the end of the story where all of the loose ends are tied up for
the reader? A. exposition B. rising action C. climax D. falling action E. resolution
151. Problems or complications which arise within the plot can be both internal and external. They can
also be mental, emotional, spiritual, or physical. A. True. B. False.
152. Person vs. person, person vs. self, and person vs. society are examples of: A. theme. B. conflict.
C. symbol. D. irony.
153. Deus ex machine means: A. God from the machine. B. without machines
154. When a story ends without a clear resolution, this is called: A. dues ex machine. B. an
indeterminate ending.
155. If the plot seems to be unjustly manipulated to provide an unrealistic and tidy ending with
something “out of the blue,” the author may be accused of using: A. deus ex machina, or B. an
indeterminate ending.
156. Suspense is what makes you want to keep reading to find out what will happen. Which two are
elements of suspense? A. hope and pride. C. crime and punishment. B. mystery and dilemma
157. In literature, a device is used to provide meaning to the writing beyond what is actually being
described. The term that best relates to this idea is: A. plot B. theme. C. symbol. D. character.
Latin Phrases and Words used in English
Please define the following Latin Terms:
158. ad infinitum
_____________________________________________________________
159. ad nauseam
_____________________________________________________________
160. carpe diem
_____________________________________________________________
161. in medias res
_____________________________________________________________
162. memento mori
_____________________________________________________________
163. per capita
_____________________________________________________________
164. per diem
_____________________________________________________________
165. persona non grata
_____________________________________________________________
166. post mortem
_____________________________________________________________
167. sine qua non
_____________________________________________________________
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answers.
This passage is taken from a contemporary book about engineering and technology.
A major attraction at the Paris Exposition of 1867
was the locomotive America. Its cab was crafted of
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
ash, maple, black walnut, mahogany, and cherry. Its
boiler, smokestack, valve boxes, and cylinders were
covered with a glistening silvery material. The tender
was decorated with the arms of the Republic, a
portrait of Ulysses S. Grant, and a number of
elaborate scrolls. Other machinery of the day
exhibited similar characteristics. Steam engines were
built in “Greek revival” style, featuring fluted
columns and decorated pedestals. On a printing press
called The Columbian each pillar was a caduceus—
the serpent-entwined staff of the universal messenger,
Hermes—and atop the machine perched an eagle with
extended wings, grasping in its talons Jove’s
thunderbolts, an olive branch of peace, and a
cornucopia of plenty, all bronzed and gilt.¹
It is little remembered today that well into the late
nineteenth century most American machine
manufacturers embellished their creations. While this
practice pleased the public, some observers
considered it anomalous. A writer in the British
periodical Engineering found it “extremely difficult to
understand how among a people so practical in most
things, there is maintained a tolerance of the
grotesque ornaments and gaudy colors, which as a
rule rather than an exception distinguish American
machines.”² An exasperated critic for Scientific
American asserted that “a highly colored and
fancifully ornamented piece of machinery is good in
the inverse ratio of the degree of color and
ornament.”³
By the beginning of the twentieth century, machine
ornamentation yielded to clean lines, economy, and
restriction to the essential. “Form follows function”
became the precept of a new machine aesthetic.
Creators of exotic contraptions like the locomotive
America were accused of being sentimentalists,
¹ John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in
America 1776–1900 (New York: Grossman Publishers, The Viking Press, 1976),
Chapter 4, “The Aesthetics of Machinery,” pp. 139–180.
² “Machine Tools at the Philadelphia Exhibition,” Engineering (26 May 1876),
p. 427, cited by Kasson, see note 1 above.
3 “The International Exhibition of 1876,” Scientific American Supplement (17 June
1876), p. 386, cited by Kasson, see note 1 above.
40
45
hypocrites and worse. Yet in their reluctance to give
up adornment—ridiculous as it might have seemed—
these designers were in fact expressing a discomfort
we all share, an uneasiness in the face of
mathematical severity.
The new machine aesthetic, the admiration of
slickness and purity of line, spread from factories and
power plants into every area of society. The term
“industrial design” was first used in 1913, and by
50
55
60
65
1927 the famed Norman Bel Geddes was calling
himself an “industrial designer.”4 During the twenties
and thirties practically every human artifact was
repatterned in the new mode. Lamps, tables, and
chairs; toasters, refrigerators, and clocks; plates,
goblets, and flatware—all were simplified, trimmed,
and reshaped. Even the humble pencil sharpener did
not escape; Raymond Loewy created a streamlined,
chrome model in 1933.
Along with the revolution in style, came many
theories about why it was happening—admiration and
emulation of the machine being only one. The new
simplicity, it was claimed, was democratic at heart, a
rebellion against the baroque ornateness of older,
autocratic societies. A more jaundiced view held that
the new vogue was intended to distract the masses in
hard times, or simply to help promote the sale of
products by giving the machine a good name.
Richard Guy Wilson, Dianne H. Pilgrim, Dickran Tashjian, The Machine Age in
America 1918–1941 (New York: The Brooklyn Museum in association with Harry
N. Abrams, Inc., 1986), p. 85.
4
168.
Which of the following best states the subject of the passage?
(a) The senselessness of ornamentation
(b) The development of modern machinery
(c) A popular revolt against methods of industrial production
(d) A change in the aesthetics of machine design
(e) The historical development of aesthetics
169.
In context, which of the following changes to the sentence in lines 5–8,
reproduced below, would make it more parallel to the preceding sentences?
The tender was decorated with the arms of the Republic, a portrait of Ulysses S.
Grant, and a number of elaborate scrolls.
(a) Change “The tender” to “Its tender”
(b) Begin with “And thus”
(c) Change “The tender was decorated with” to “The decoration on the tender was”
(d) Begin with “Also Noteworthy,”
(e) Change “The tender was” to “The tender, in addition, was”
170.
Which of the following is being referred to by the abstract term “characteristics”
(line 9)?
(a) “boiler, smokestack, valve boxes” (line 4)
(b) “The tender” (line 5)
(c) “a number of elaborate scrolls” (lines 7–8)
(d) “Steam engines” (line 9)
(e) “a printing press” (line 11)
171.
The tone of lines 18–20 (“It is . . . creations”) can best be described as
(a) disbelieving
(b) uncertain
(c) objective
(d) exasperated
(e) relieved
172.
Which of the following is an accurate reading of footnote 2?
(a) An article by John F. Kasson appears on page 427 of Engineering.
(b) “Machine Tools at the Philadelphia Exhibition” was published in New York.
(c) The article “Engineering” can be found on page 427 of “Machine Tools at the
Philadelphia Exhibition.”
(d) “Machine Tools at the Philadelphia Exhibition” is an article published in the
May 26, 1876, issue of Engineering.
(e) Engineering is an article cited by John F. Kasson.
173.
Both of the writers quoted in paragraph 2 (lines 18–32) view elaborately
decorated machinery as
(a) amusingly imaginative
(b) inherently impractical
(c) typical of European inventions
(d) reflective of the complexity of machines
(e) likely to prove too costly to produce
174.
Lines 39–43 (“Yet . . . severity”) imply that human beings share which of the
following?
(a) A preference for some sort of embellishment
(b) A natural curiosity about ideas
(c) An innate indifference toward designers and design
(d) A fear of shifts in cultural styles and taste
(e) A rejection of the principle of symmetry
175.
The reference to the first appearance of the phrase “industrial design” (line 47)
serves to
(a) note how a new expression can be mocked by experts
(b) explore the ways in which form is determined by function
(c) support the authenticity of the movement toward ornamentation
(d) detail the ways in which simplicity of form became overdone and outdated
(e) highlight how two seemingly unrelated terms became popularly linked
176.
The purpose of footnote 4 is to inform the reader that the quotation in line 49
(a) has been attributed to three different designers
(b) was first cited in 1918
(c) was the inspiration for an exhibit at The Brooklyn Museum
(d) is in an article in The Machine Age in America 1918–1941 written by
Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
(e) appears in a book written by Wilson, Pilgrim, and Tashjian and published
in 1986
177.
The structure of lines 49–56 (“During . . . 1933”) can best be described as
(a) an exaggeration followed by a series of qualifying statements
(b) a movement from the particular to the general
(c) an historical example followed by contemporary examples
(d) a generalization followed by other generalizations
(e) a claim followed by supporting details
178.
The development of the passage can best be described as the
(a) presentation of two conflicting ideas followed by a resolution
(b) explanation of an historical issue leading to the examination of the same
issue in contemporary society
(c) chronological examination of an aspect of design during a particular time
period
(d) movement from European to United States views of the topic
(e) examination of technological advances at a particular point in time
179.
Taken as a whole, the footnotes suggest that
(a) the author of the passage wants the text to present highly technical material
(b) the author of the passage relies heavily on Kasson’s book
(c) very little was written about the topic of machinery and ornamentation prior
to 1976
(d) engineering magazines are an essential source for technical writers
(e) except in rare cases, it is best to use the latest published work when
documenting an idea or concept.
180-190. Outline your direction to the following prompt:
Read the following passage from “America Needs Its Nerds” by Leonid Fridman. Then write an
essay in which you analyze how Fridman develops his argument.
There is something very wrong with the
system of values in a society that has only derogatory
terms like nerd and geek for the intellectually curious
and academically serious.
5
A geek, according to Webster’s New World
Dictionary, is a street performer who shocks the
public by biting off heads of live chickens. It is a
telling fact about our language and our culture that
someone dedicated to pursuit of knowledge is
10 compared to a freak biting the head off a live
chicken.
Even at a prestigious academic institution
like Harvard, anti-intellectualism is rampant: Many
students are ashamed to admit, even to their friends,
how much they study. Although most students try
15 to keep up their grades, there is a minority of
undergraduates for whom pursuing knowledge is the
top priority during their years at Harvard. Nerds are
ostracized while athletes are idolized.
The same thing happens in U.S. elementary
and 20 high schools. Children who prefer to read
books rather than play football, prefer to build model
airplanes rather than get wasted at parties with their
classmates, become social outcasts. Ostracized for
their intelligence and refusal to conform to society’s
25 anti-intellectual values, many are deprived of a
chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good
communication tools.
Enough is enough.
Nerds and geeks must stop being ashamed
of 30 who they are. It is high time to face the
persecutors who haunt the bright kid with thick glasses
from kindergarten to the grave. For America’s sake,
the anti-intellectual values that pervade our society
must be fought.
35
There are very few countries in the world
where anti-intellectualism runs as high in popular
culture as it does in the U.S. In most industrialized
nations, not least of all our economic rivals in East
Asia, a kid who studies hard is lauded and held up as
an example 40 to other students.
In many parts of the world, university
professorships are the most prestigious and materially
rewarding positions. But not in America, where
average professional ballplayers are much more
45 respected and better paid than faculty members
of the best universities.
How can a country where typical parents are
ashamed of their daughter studying mathematics
instead of going dancing, or of their son reading
50 Weber* while his friends play baseball, be
expected to compete in the technology race with Japan
or remain a leading political and cultural force in
Europe? How long can America remain a world-class
power if we constantly emphasize social skills and
physical 55 prowess over academic achievement and
intellectual ability?
Copyright © 1990 by the New York Times.
Reprinted by permission.
* Maximilian Weber (1864 –1920), German political
economist and
sociologist
180-191. Outline your direction to the following prompt:
From talk radio to television shows, from popular magazines to Web blogs, ordinary citizens, political
figures, and entertainers express their opinions on a wide range of topics. Are these opinions worthwhile?
Does the expression of such opinions foster democratic values?
Write and essay in which you take a position on the value of such public statements of opinion,
supporting your view with appropriate evidence.