US History to 1877 - Civil War Flashcards
The North and South disagreed over
many things, but the biggest issue
dividing the nation and leading to the
Civil War was:
slavery
The North was mainly an _____ society
in which people held jobs.
urban
The South was primarily an
__________ society in which people
lived in small villages and on farms and
plantations.
agricultural
What are tariffs?
Taxes on imported goods
Who wanted tariffs, the North or the
South?
The North
Why did the North want tariffs on
imported goods?
To protect factory owners and
workers from foreign
competition
Why did the South oppose tariffs?
Tariffs would cause prices of
goods to increase.
Another major conflict between the
North and South was the issue
of states’ rights vs. _____.
strong central government
Name 3 issues that divided the North
and the South?
The North believed that the nation was
a union and:
1. slavery;
2. tariffs;
3. cultural differences (urban
society vs. agricultural society);
4. states' rights vs. strong
central government
could not be divided.
Southerners believed that they had the
power to declare any national law
_______.
illegal
Northerners believed that the national
government’s power was:
supreme over that of the states
Southerners felt that the abolition of
slavery would destroy their region's:
agricultural economy
Northerners believed that slavery
should be abolished because it was:
morally wrong.
Name 3 compromises that attempted to
resolve differences over slavery in new
states joining the Union.
Missouri Compromise (1820);
Compromise of l850;
Kansas-Nebraska Act
What was the result of the Missouri
Compromise (1820)?
Missouri entered the Union as a
slave state; Maine, as a free
state.
What was the result of the Compromise
of l850?
California would be a free state.
The Southwest territories would
decide about slavery themselves.
What was the result of the KansasNebraska Act?
People in these territories would
decide the slavery issue by
popular vote ("popular
sovereignty").
The purpose of the 3 compromises was
:
to keep the number of slave and
free states equal so neither side
would gain control of Congress.
What happened after Lincoln became
president?
The southern states seceded
from the Union
What event marked the beginning of
the Civil War?
Confederate forces attacked Fort
Sumter, in South Carolina
Lincoln and many Northerners believed
that the United States was one nation
that could not be:
separated or divided
Most Southerners believed that states
had freely created and joined the union,
and could therefore:
freely leave it
The states that seceded from the Union
favored slavery because they were:
dependent upon labor-intensive
cash crops
Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia;
Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina;
South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas;
Virginia
What did these states do?
They seceded from the Union
Which four slave states stayed in the
Union?
Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
The four slave states that stayed in the
Union were called:
Border states
Western counties of Virginia that
refused to secede from the Union
formed:
the state of West Virginia
During the Civil war, Abraham Lincoln
was:
President
Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation to:
free the slaves
Lincoln was determined to ________,
by force if necessary.
preserve the Union
Lincoln believed the United States was
one nation, not a:
collection of independent states
Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
Lincoln
In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln said
that said the Civil War was being fought
to preserve a government:
“of the people, by the people,
and for the people.”
Who was president of the Confederate
States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Who was general of the Union army that
defeated Lee?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was leader of the Army of Northern
Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
Who was offered command of the Union
forces at the beginning of the war but
chose not to fight against Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
Lee urged Southerners to accept
At the end of the war, what did Lee urge defeat and reunite as Americans,
Southerners to do?
even though some Southerners
wanted to keep fighting.
Both wanted to preserve the
Union, but Lincoln was willing to
How were Lincoln and Lee's views
about the Union the same and how did
do it by force, and Lee did not
they differ?
think the Union should be held
together by force.
Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?
A skilled Confederate general
from Virginia who played a big
role in the First Battle of Bull
Run.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
A former slave who escaped to
the North and became an
abolitionist
What event began the Civil War?
The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C.
What was the first major battle of the
Civil War?
The first Battle of Manassas
(Bull Run)
What was an important result of the
signing of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
It made “freeing the slaves” the
new focus of the war. Many
freed slaves joined the Union
army.
What was the result of the Battle of
Vicksburg?
The North got control of the
Mississippi River. This divided
the South in two parts.
What battle was considered the turning
point of the war?
The Battle of Gettysburg, where
the North repelled Lee’s
invasion.
What happened at Appomattox Court
House in 1865?
Lee’s surrender to Grant ended
the war
Describe life and conditions on the
battlefield?
Extremely harsh; many died from
disease and exposure.
· Families and friends were
often pitted against one another.
What hardships were experienced
during the Civil War?
·
·
Disease was a major killer.
Combat was brutal and often
man-to-man.
What was women's role in the war?
Women were left to run
businesses in the North and
farms and plantations in the
South.
Who was the Civil War nurse, who
created the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
What was the condition of the South at
the end of the war?
Much of the South was
destroyed by the end of the war.
Richmond and Atlanta had were
burned.
Confederate money was
worthless.
What was the role of African Americans
in the Civil War?
How were African American Soldiers
treated?
They fought in both the
Confederate and Union armies.
• African American soldiers were
paid less than white soldiers.
• African American soldiers were
discriminated against and served
in segregated units under the
command of white officers.
A brave and heroic African American
sailor and later a Union naval captain
who became a Congressman after the
Civil War was:
Robert Smalls
Which amendments were added to the
Constitution after the war to address the
issues of slavery and guarantee equal
protection under the law for all citizens?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments
Which amendment banned slavery?
The 13th Amendment
Which amendment granted citizenship
to all persons born in the United States
and guaranteed them equal protection
under the law?
The 14th Amendment
Which amendment insured all citizens
the right to vote regardless of race or
color or previous condition of servitude?
The 15th Amendment
What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th
amendments do?
They guarantee equal protection
under the law for all citizens.
The period after the Civil War is called:
Reconstruction
What were some Reconstruction
policies?
What was the purpose of Civil Rights
Act of 1866?
What were some of the problems
created by Reconstruction policies?
Northern soldiers supervised the
South and Southern military
leaders could not hold office.
African Americans gained equal
rights and some held public
office.
It gave equal rights to African
Americans
The Reconstruction policies
were harsh and created
resentment.
Southerners resented northern
“carpetbaggers"