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Review with Answers Chapter 8
Preamble - introduction to a declaration, constitution, or official document
jury duty - the responsibility of every citizen to serve on a jury when called
Second Amendment – amendment that relates to the right to bear arms
domestic tranquility - peace and order at home; (from the preamble)
patriotism - feeling of love and devotion toward one’s country
impeach - to bring a serious wrongdoing against a public official
civilian - nonmilitary
civic virtue - the willingness to work for the good of the nation or community even at great sacrifice
First Amendment – amendment that safeguards basic individual liberties including freedom of religion,
speech, and the press
general welfare - well-being of all the citizens of a nation
resident alien - noncitizen legally living in a country
override - to overrule, as when Congress overrules a Presidential veto
liberty - freedom
immigrant - person who enters another country in order to settle there
veto - reject a proposed law from Congress or the Senate
Articles - the main body of the Constitution that establishes the framework for the US Constitution
naturalize - to complete the official process for becoming a citizen
popular sovereignty - principle of the US Constitution that states the people have a right to create,
alter, and abolish their gov’t
citizen - person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections
limited government - principle of the US Constitution that states the gov’t has only the powers that
the Constitution gives it
local government - government on the county, parish, city, town, or district level
checks and balances - principle of the US Constitution that safeguards against abuse of power by
giving each branch of gov’t the power to check the other branches
infrastructure - system of roads, bridges, and tunnels
unconstitutional - not allowed under the Constitution
federalism - principle of the US Constitution that establishes the division of power between the
federal gov’t and the states
constitutional initiative - process by which citizens can petition for amendments to their state constitution
House of Representatives - largest of the two bodies that make up the legislative branch
appeal - to ask that a court decision be reviewed by a higher court
Twenty-sixth Amendment – amendment that lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18
Senate - representation is based on equal representation; 2 for each state
Nineteenth Amendment – guarantee to US women, in 1920, the right to vote
bill - proposed law
civil – lawsuit involving the private rights of individuals, as opposed to criminal
electoral college - group of electors from every state that meet every four years to elect
the President and Vice President
Civil War Amendments – 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments abolishing slavery, guaranteed citizenship
to former slaves, and gave African American men the right to vote
Supreme Court - highest court in the US established by the Constitution
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incriminate – to give evidence against
conscription - compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces
citizen – person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections
confederation – group created for mutual support or common action
resolve – to deal with something successfully
ordinance – a law set forth by a government authority
avert – to avoid
revise – to change
endorse – to express support or approval of
free enterprise – freedom of private business to organize and operate for profit in a competitive
system without interference from government
contract – binding agreement between two or more people
pen name – factious name used by an author
compelled - forced
subsequent – following in time, order, or place
pardon – the excusing of an offense without exacting a penalty
pledge – to hold by a binding promise or agreement
infringed – interfere with or put limits on
servitude – a condition in which one lacks liberties
habeas corpus – the idea that no person could be held in prison without first being charged
with a specific crime
1.
List the powers and lack of powers to describe the Articles of Confederation
A. did not have power to regulate trade between states
B. did not have not one person in power to execute the laws
C. did have power to pass laws with 9 of the 13 states’ approval
D. could not coin money
2.
What is the process to amend the US Constitution ?
A. proposed by Congress with a 2/3 vote in both House
B. ratified by the Legislatures of 3/4 of the States
3.
What is the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ?
Freedoms of – religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly, and petition
4.
Which Amendments granted civil rights primarily to African Americans ? 13th, 14th and 15th
5.
Describe the unique parts of the Virginia Plan.
Wanted all congressmen to be based on population
6.
Describe the unique parts of the New Jersey.
Wanted all congressmen to be awarded equally by state
7.
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the U.S. Constitution ?
8.
List the major Federalist that supported the Constitution.
Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
9.
List the major Anti-Federalist that did not support the Constitution.
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protect individual rights
George Mason,
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10. Why didn’t the Anti-Federalist support the Constitution ?
Lacked the individual citizens’ written rights
11.
What are the requirements to serve in the Executive Branch ?
1. US resident for 14 years
2. at least 35 years of age
3. natural born citizen
12.
Which principle of the US Constitution states each branch of the government can limit the
power of the other two ?
checks and balances
13. Describe the examples taken from the Romans when writing the US Constitution.
A. public service to citizens
B. independence for all individuals
C. devotion to the republic
14.
List the Preamble goals of the United States Constitution ?
1. establish justice
3. insure domestic tranquility
5. secure the blessings of liberty
15.
2. promote general welfare
4. provide for the common defense
6. form a more perfect
List the powers of Congress…
1. make the nation’s laws
3. borrow money
5. impeach the President
2. collect taxes
4. coin money
6. declare war
16.
What major event happened in America as a result of and at the end of the Revolution ?
A. Farm goods dropped in value and demand,
B. Farmers revolted the increased taxes
C. an economic depression hit the new United States
17.
How does the Supreme Court check the power of the Legislative Branch ?
declaring a law unconstitutional
18.
What was a major concern for the Anti-Federalists regarding the Executive Branch ?
The President could become to powerful, like King George III
19.
What is the term for the House of Representatives ? _________2 years
20.
Describe what Article VI means when it states, “Supreme Law of the Land” ?
A. Above all other laws
B. established the power of the Federal Government
21.
What is the term for a Senator ? _____________6 years
22.
What is required to propose an amendment to the US Constitution ?
support of two thirds of both the House and the Senate
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23. List the 3 major components of the 1689, English Bill of Rights…
A. regular Parliamentary elections
B. right to bear arms
C. right of habeas corpus
24.
What do the 14th, 15th, 19th, and 26th Amendments have in common ?
voting rights
25.
What is the majority reason for the Amendment of the US Constitution ?
to reflect the views and believes of the majority
List examples.
14th, 15th , 19th, 26th
26.
What services do state and local governments have in common ?
provide law enforcement and education services
27.
What is the main difference between the state constitution and US Constitution ?
State constitution is longer and contains more details
28.
What are the 5 responsibilities of citizenship ?
1. vote
3. serve on jury
5. be informed
2. obey the law
4. serve the community / volunteering
29.
Which of the grievance against England listed in the Declaration of Independence was later
addressed in the Bill of Rights ?
trial by jury
30.
Which principle of the Constitution states that citizens will elect representatives to carry out
their will ?
Republicanism
31.
List the main services provided by state governments ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Law enforcement
Supervise public education
Provide public health and welfare programs
License professionals (doctors, nurses, lawyers)
32.
What are the 3 main parts to the US Constitution ? Preamble, Articles and Amendments (PAA)
33.
List the powers the US Constitution gives to the Executive Branch ?
call special sessions of Congress, direct foreign policy, grant pardons
34.
Why did the framers of the Constitution add the system of checks and balances ?
to prevent the rise of an all-powerful leader
35.
How did later amendments expand democratic rights ?
they gave more US citizens the right to vote
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36.
How is the State Constitutions similar to the National Constitution ?
both have three branches, a preamble, and a bill of rights
37.
What makes a person a citizen of the United States ?
1. you were born in the US
2. you have been naturalized
3. you were 18 or younger when your parents were naturalized
38.
How is the Judicial branch court system organized ?
District, Appellate, Supreme (DAS)
39.
List the 7 Principles of American Government…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Federalism
Republicanism
Individual Rights
40. Judicial Branch - _____interprets_______ the laws
41. Legislative Branch - ____makes__________ the laws
42. Executive Branch - _____carries out______ the laws
List the seven (7) Articles of the Constitution…
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Relations between states/system for admitting new states
Process to amend Constitution
States’ laws cannot violate Constitution
Procedure for states to ratify constitution
43.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
44.
Name the two Presidents that have been impeached…
1.___Andrew Johnson___________________________________________
2. ____Bill Clinton_______________________________________________
45.
Name the 1st African American woman to serve in the US Congress from Texas
______Barbara Jordan________________________________________
46.
How many amendments have been made to the US Constitution ? __27_____
47.
How many members sit on the Supreme Court ? ____9________
48.
What system is used for electing the President ? __Electoral College______
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