1. Look through the YELLOW crate, and take one picture.
2. Brainstorm about the possible events and characters
this picture illustrates.
 Examine the picture individually for a few
minutes, jotting down in your notebooks any
features or details that you notice. (colors,
setting, personalities of these people)
3. Invent an original ONE PAGE story, using
dialogue between the two (or more) characters.
 What are they saying to each other?
 What story needs to be told?
 Tell the story that leads up to the picture, or narrate
the events that follow.
**Remember every time a new character speaks,
you must go to the next line and INDENT.
Characteristics of a Narrative story
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Focuses a clear, well-defined incident or series
of related events.
Develops plot, character, and setting with
specific detail through dialogue.
Orders events clearly.
Uses description and dialogue as appropriate to
develop setting and character.
Shows events rather than just telling about
them.
Establishes and maintains a tone and point of
view.
Uses a logical and effective pattern of
organization, such as chronological order,
flashback, or flash-forward. Remember:
Keep all paragraphs in the same tense!!!!
Quotation Marks with Direct and Indirect Quotations
Quoting Prose
Direct quotations are another person's exact words--either spoken or
in print--incorporated into your own writing.
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

Use a set of quotation marks to enclose each direct quotation
included in your writing.
Use a capital letter with the first word of a direct quotation of a
whole sentence. Do not use a capital letter with the first word of
a direct quotation of part of a sentence.
If the quotation is interrupted and then continues in your
sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.
Mr. and Mrs. Allen, owners of a 300-acre farm, said, "We
refuse to use that pesticide because it might pollute the
nearby wells."
Mr. and Mrs. Allen stated that they "refuse to use that
pesticide" because of possible water pollution.
"He likes to talk about football," she said, "especially when
the Super Bowl is coming up."
Indirect quotations are not exact words but rather rephrasing or
summaries of another person's words. Do not use quotation marks for
indirect quotations.
According to their statement to the local papers, the Allens
refuse to use pesticide because of potential water pollution.
Below are some further explanations and examples of how to integrate
quoted prose into your own writing.
Quotation within a quotation
Use single quotation marks for a quotation enclosed inside another
quotation. For example:
The agricultural reporter for the newspaper explained,
"When I talked to the Allens last week, they said, 'We
refuse to use that pesticide.' "
Omitted words in a quotation
If you leave words out of a quotation, use an ellipsis mark to indicate
the omitted words. If you need to insert something within a quotation,
use a pair of brackets to enclose the addition. For example:
full quotation
The welfare agency representative said, "We
are unable to help every family that we'd
like to help because we don't have the funds
to do so."
omitted
material with
ellipsis
The welfare agency representative said, "We
are unable to help every family . . . because
we don't have the funds to do so."
added
material with
brackets
The welfare agency representative
explained that they are "unable to help
every family that [they would] like to help."
Punctuation with Quotation Marks
Use a comma to introduce a quotation after a standard dialogue tag, a
brief introductory phrase, or a dependent clause, for example, "He
asked," "She stated," "According to Bronson," or "As Shakespeare
wrote." Use a colon to introduce a quotation after an independent
clause.
As D. H. Nachas explains, "The gestures used for greeting
others differ greatly from one culture to another."
D. H. Nachas explains cultural differences in greeting
customs: "Touching is not a universal sign of greeting.
While members of European cultures meet and shake hands
as a gesture of greeting, members of Asian cultures bow to
indicate respect."
Put commas and periods within closing quotation marks, except when
a parenthetical reference follows the quotation.
He said, "I may forget your name, but I never remember a
face."
History is stained with blood spilled in the name of
"civilization."
Mullen, criticizing the apparent inaction, writes, "Donahue's
policy was to do nothing" (27).
Put colons and semicolons outside closing quotation marks.
Williams described the experiment as "a definitive step
forward"; other scientists disagreed.
Benedetto emphasizes three elements of what she calls her
"Olympic journey": family support, personal commitment,
and great coaching.
Put a dash, question mark, or exclamation point within closing
quotation marks when the punctuation applies to the quotation itself
and outside when it applies to the whole sentence.
Philip asked, "Do you need this book?"
Does Dr. Lim always say to her students, "You must work
harder"?
Sharon shouted enthusiastically, "We won! We won!"
I can't believe you actually like that song, "If You Wanna Be
My Lover
In the following sentences put in quotation marks wherever they are
needed, and underline words where italics are needed.
1. Mary is trying hard in school this semester, her father said.
2. No, the taxi driver said curtly, I cannot get you to the airport in
fifteen minutes.
3. I believe, Jack remarked, that the best time of year to visit Europe
is in the spring. At least that's what I read in a book entitled Guide to
Europe.
4. My French professor told me that my accent is abominable.
5. She asked, Is Time a magazine you read regularly?
6. Flannery O'Connor probably got the title of one of her stories from
the words of the old popular song, A Good Man Is Hard to Find.
7. When did Roosevelt say, We have nothing to fear but fear itself?
8. It seems to me that hip and cool are words that are going out of
style.
9. Yesterday, John said, This afternoon I'll bring back your book
Conflict in the Middle East; however, he did not return it.
10. Can you believe, Dot asked me, that it has been almost five years
since we've seen each other?
11. A Perfect Day for Bananafish is, I believe, J. D. Salinger's best
short story.
12. Certainly, Mr. Martin said, I shall explain the whole situation to
him. I know that he will understand.
1. "Mary is trying hard in school this semester," her father said.
2. "No," the taxi driver said curtly, "I cannot get you to the airport in
fifteen minutes."
3. "I believe," Jack remarked, "that the best time of year to visit
Europe is in the spring. At least that's what I read in a book entitled
Guide to Europe."
4. My French professor told me that my accent is abominable.
5. She asked, "Is Time a magazine you read regularly?"
6. Flannery O'Connor probably got the title of one of her stories from
the words of the old popular song, "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
7. When did Roosevelt say, "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"?
8. It seems to me that hip and cool are words that are going out of
style.
9. Yesterday, John said, "This afternoon I'll bring back your book
Conflict in the Middle East"; however, he did not return it.
10. "Can you believe," Dot asked me, "that it has been almost five
years since we've seen each other?"
11. "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" is, I believe, J. D. Salinger's best
short story.
12. "Certainly," Mr. Martin said, "I shall explain the whole situation to
him. I know that he will understand."
1. Go over the general rules on using quotation marks with other punctuation marks. Pay
particular attention to the rules governing whether periods, commas, semi-colons,
question marks, exclamation points, and so forth go inside or outside the quotation
marks.
2. Read an overhead or computer-projected copy of the dialogue example with your
class. Alternately, you can use a student example (with the student's permission, of
course) or a passage from a book you've read recently as a class.
3. Using the guidelines from your textbook, work through the example text to
demonstrate how to punctuate the sentences.
4. Ask students to choose a narrative or another piece of writing that includes dialogue to
examine for their use of quotation marks.
5. Have students go through their papers backwards (that is, from the last word of the
text to the first), and underline or circle all the ending punctuation for dialogue.
6. Once their text is marked, ask them to go through the text again, this time checking
the punctuation in the circles to see if the conventions are being used. Ask students to
revise as they go, moving or adding punctuation as necessary.
7. Allow students to work at their own pace, using the instructions and their own text.
8. Circulate through the room, helping any students who have questions or comments.
9. Collect the highlighted draft with the revised draft.
Name______________
Date_________
Directions: Put commas in appropriate places and use dialogue
tags.
1. Anthony Martson said suddenly Quaint, these things, aren’t
they?
2. Indian said Tony Indian Island. I suppose that’s the idea
3. Rewrite #3 in the space provided below:
Emily Brent agreed I’ve no doubt the house is shut up in winter
she said You’d never get servants to stay here for one thing Vera
murmured it must be difficult to get servants anyway
4. Vera cried out Who was that speaking? Where was he? It
sounded--it sounded—
Look at all punctuation for #5. Think about all the rules. (8
mistakes)
5. I am Mrs. Owens secretary There is a car here waiting She added This is
Mr. Lombard
6. Lombard thought Awkward, this—am I supposed to have met them or
not? He said quickly There’s a wasp crawling up your arm. No keep quite
still He made a convincing pounce There. It’s gone!