Final Study Guide
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List the 5 themes of Geography. Explain each and give one example of each.
a. Movement – How people, goods, and ideas move in a society (cars, cell phone, train)
b. Region – A group of areas and what they have in common (Appalachia, Tri-State, Eastern Kentucky)
c. Human-Environment – How the people use, adapt to, and change the world around them (buildings,
clothing, pollution, landscaping)
d. Location – Where things are, by relative or absolute (Rel – 30 miles east of Ashland, Abs – Lat/Long)
e. Place – Characteristics of a place, physical or human features of a place.
The theme of movement refers to the movement of what three things?
a. People, Goods, and Ideas
What is Absolute Location? How is it measured?
a. The exact location of a place on the earth’s surface. Latitude & Longitude
Which of the themes involves how Humans use and adapt to their surroundings?
a. Human environment interaction
What two variables differ between the different climates?
a. Temperature and Precipitation
How do Birthrate and death rate effect population growth? What factors affect death rates?
a. If birthrate is higher, population grows. If death rate is higher population shrinks. Factors: healthcare,
disease, war, etc.
List each of the U.S. Regions and explain what common factor makes it a region.
a. Northeast – Big cities, coast, and industry
b. South – Climate, agriculture, past
c. Midwest – Plains, farming
d. West – wide open spaces, diverse regions, extremes (volcanoes, tundra, desert)
Explain the physical geography of Mexico and how it effects the pollution of Mexico City.
a. Sierra Madre Oriental to east, Sierra Madre Occidental to west, Mexican Plateau in center. Forms a bowl
that traps the pollution with the stratosphere forming a lid.
What were the main factors that helped Cortez and the Spanish defeat the Aztecs?
a. Superior technology (metal weapons and armor, guns, horses)
b. Alliance with other tribes
c. Diseases brought from Europe
Caribbean culture was strongly influenced by what two ethnic groups?
a. Mestizo and African
Why is Panama known as the “Crossroads of the World”?
a. Connects North and South America by land and Pacific and Atlantic Ocean by Panama Canal.
When the Spanish invaded Mexico, they destroyed a civilization by killing, but also weakened it forever. How?
a. By crossbreeding European blood w/ Aztec blood, forming the Mestizo who were enslaved.
What is a Mestizo, and how were they treated in colonial Mexico?
a. A mix of European and Aztec. They were treated as a sub human, or a slave status.
Name the major river, mountain, and desert of South America.
a. Amazon River, Mt. Aconcagua, Atacama Desert
What is Machu Picchu? What country is it in?
a. Ancient Incan City found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham in the Andes Mountains of Peru
List the 3 Archipelagos that make up the Caribbean Islands.
a. Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas
Name Colombia’s top 3 Cash Crops.
a. Emeralds, Coffee, Illegal Drugs
Name the 2 major rivers, the tallest mountain, enormous desert, and largest lake of Africa.
a. Nile River, Congo River, Mt Kilimanjaro, Lake Victoria
List two of the three other names for the region of Southwest Asia.
a. Middle East
b. Cradle of Civilization
c. Crossroads of the World
What three religions call Jerusalem a Holy City?
a. Islam, Judaism, Christianity
What is the primary resource in most Middle Eastern nations?
a. Oil
What is the most holy city of Islam? What country is it in?
a. Mecca, Saudi Arabia
54 Countries for Mapping
Argentina
Austria
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
England
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Lebanon
Madagascar
Mexico
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Northern Ireland
Norway
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Venezuela
Wales
16 Landforms/Bodies of Water for Mapping
Angel Falls
Atacama Desert
Amazon River
Nile River
Congo River
Lake Victoria
Mediterranean Sea
Caribbean Sea
Red Sea
Victoria Falls
Andes Mountains
Mt. Aconcagua
Mt. Kilimanjaro
Sahara
Kalahari Desert
Sahel