GNS 211
(1) _________ is the absence of war
(a) Violence (b) Positive peace
(c) Terrorism
(d) Negative peace
(2)
One of the following is Not a cause of conflict
(a) Communication (b) Value (c) Crisis
(d) Resources
(3)
______ is the physical, psychological and structural force exerted for the purpose
of injuring, damaging or abusing people or property.
(a) Violence (b) Negotiation (c) Fire (d) War
(4)
The followings are categories of violence except _____
(a) Protest violence (b) Structural violence (c) Physical violence
(d) Psychological violence
(5)
Positive peace can be defined as:
(a) Absence of war and destructions
(b) Tranquility in the society
(c) Absence of violence and presence of social justice (d) Tolerance
(6)
Incompatibility of interests and competitive aspirations of party(ies) are called___
(a) Peace (b) Violent conflict (c) Crisis (d) Conflict
(7)
_____is Not a stage in the levels/phases of conflict
(a) Latent
(b) Protest (c) Escalation (d) Manifest
(8)
`
____is the stage in conflict when the parties involved no longer solve the
problem by themselves
(a) De-escalation stage
(d) Formation stage
(9)
(b) Latent stage
(c) Escalation stage
The conflict within an individual is called
(a) Inter-personal conflict (b) Global conflict
(d) Conflict trap
(c) Intra-personal conflict
(10)
In causes of conflict, _____cannot be categorized as resource
(a) Land (b) Sex
(c) Money (d) Values
(11)
Nuclear Race and Terrorism can be categorized as;
(a) Inter-state conflict (b) War conflict (c) Global conflict
(d) Intra-Group conflict
(12)
What is the distinction between conflict and violence?
(a) They belong to the same family of destruction
(b) Conflict is negative and violence is destructive
(c) It takes violence for conflict to occur
(d) Conflict is competitive while violence is destructive
(13)
Conflict can be best settled through_____
(a) Adversarial method
(b) Positive approach of dialogue
(c) Introduction of bias by third party (d) Incompatibility of interest
(14)
One of the cardinal objectives of this course is to _____
(a) Train students in peace-building as well as in conflict resolution and
management skills
(b) To teach students how not to resolve conflict
(c) To enlighten students on social entertainment
(d) None of the above.
(15)
Is there a country in the world where positive peace is obtainable?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) None of the above (d) Yes/No
ANSWER
1.
d
2.
c
3.
a
4.
a
5
c
6.
d
7.
b
8.
c
9.
c
10.
d
11.
c
12.
d
13.
b
14.
a
15.
b
GNS 211
1.
By state formation we mean _____
(a) The process by which common people come together
(b) The process by which destructive and autonomous peoples were incorporated
(c) The process by which people disagree
(d) The process by which people are male.
2.
State formation are achieve in ____
(a) Process (b) Nothing (c) Degree
(d) Stages
3.
Traditions are used to promote the ______ of individuals
(a) Conscious loyalty (b) Trust (c) Modestly (d) Atrocity
4.
Some traditions may stress ____ as an essential integrative factor.
(a) Quality (b) Administration
(c) Madness (d) Leadership
5.
The _____ of Africa also encouraged the development of state formation
(a) Ecology (b) Sociology (c) Ethnicity (d) Networking
6.
_____was another important factor of state formation
(a) Landing (b) Bending (c) Language (d) Mating
7.
_____became integral part of what welded Africans together.
(a) Believes (b) Traditional African Religions (c) Languages
(d) Acrimonies
8.
_____was a factor of integration during colonial era
(a) Islam
(b) Malice
(c) Trade (d) Justice
9.
_____integration
(a) Colonialism
10.
African people.
(b) Nepotism
(c) Religion
(d) Modesty
____was another integrative factor during the colonial period
(a) Americanization (b) Christianity (c) African culture
(d) Dressing
ANSWER
1
B
2.
D
3.
A
4.
D
5.
A
6.
C
7.
B
8.
A
9.
A
10
B
GNS 211
1.
“Peace is a process involving activities that are directly or indirectly linked
to increasing development and reducing conflict…..”
The above quoted concept of Peace is credited to
(a) Oke Ibeanu (2007)
(b) Miall (2007)
(c) Cratung (1990 and 1996)
(d) Albert (2009)
2.
_____divided place into six sub-meanings
(a) Edward (1989)
(d) Milton (1987)
3.
(b) Hawkings (2000)
The absence of war translated to
(a) Absence of physical violence
(c) Howard (1987)
(b) Absence of indirect violence
(c) Absence of direct violence
(d) Absence of structural violence
4.
One of the sub-meanings of peace is
(a) Avoidance of conflict
(b) Respect and tolerance between people
(c) Mutual understanding among people
(d) Silence on controversial issues.
5.
Another sub-meaning of peace is
(a) Maintenance of a just order in the society
(b) Justice and development
(c) Gradual reduction in conflict
(d) International understanding
6.
Justice and development refer to
(a) Absence of physical violence (b) Absence of direct violence
(c) Absence of structural violence (d) absence of infrastructure.
7.
Tranquility or Inner peace is
(a) Inner peace (b) External peace
(c) Imposed peace
(d) Spiritual peace
8.
Peace is needed at what levels
(a) Domestic and national levels
(b) National and international levels
(c) Local and regional levels
(d) Individual, domestic, regional and international levels.
9.
Johan Gatung (1990 & 1996) classified peace into two:
(a) “Positive” and “negative (b) “Robust” and “non-robust”
(c) “Wholeness” and “making whole:
(d) None of the above.
10.
One of the objectives of Peace Lessons is to create awareness
(a) How to escape unhurt during conflict
(b) Issues concerning peace and conflict both at individual, locally and
and international levels.
(c) Enable students distinguish between peace and conflict
(d) On studying individual and living environment.
11.
Universally, ___ colour symbolizes peace
(a) Maroon (b) Purple (c) White (d) Green.
12.
____classified peace into ‘positive’ and ‘negative aspects
(a) Johan Gatung (b) Robert Hill (c) Clinton Hillary
(d) Richard Honeydwell
13.
It is a universal belief that peace brings development, while violent
Conflict brings_________
(a) Unjust structure (b) Injustice and confusion
(c) Intolerance and war (d) Less development.
14.
One other objective of peace, development and conflict studies to:
(a) Create tools and other implements that improve man’s working
conditions and living environment technology.
(b) Be able to create conflicts and resolve same.
(c) Acquire relevant mechanisms to foment trouble on campus
(d) Prepare students to be more sensitive to the concept and need for peace
at all times.
15.
Conversely, _____is the opposite of peace
(a) Demonstration
(b) Conflict
(c) Argument
(d) Compromise
ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
GNS 211
A
C
C
B
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
A
D
D
B
COMMUNICATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Three major ingredients needed for communication to take place are:
(a) People, community and language
(b) Language, meaning and individual
(c) Language, meaning and society
(d) Language, society and listener
2.
Language is vital to communication because
(a) It gives meaning to words
(b) It enables individual to express content
(c) It enables individual to express meaning
(d) It enables individual to understand communication
3.
Before communication can take place, there must be ___
(a) A respondent (b) A listener (c) A speaker (d) A communicator
4.
The term ‘National Development’ means:
(a) Partial human development
(b) Complete skill development
(c) Total human development (d) Development of infrastructure
5.
Development can be said to have taken place when:
(a) There is a large scale production of goods and services
(b) A high percentage of the populace benefit from such development
(c) Goods and services are evenly distributed
(d) Every member of the society feels the cushion effect of the development.
6.
All these except one are functions of communication
(a) Motivation (b) Socialization (c) Bastardization
(d) Entertainment
7.
Socio-linguistic constraint to effective communication has to do with____
(a) Status, size of speakers and state of language development
(b) Status, size of hearer and state of language development
(c) Status, size of community and state of language development
(d) Status, size of speaker and the hearer
8.
The primary function of communication is____
(a) To disseminate information
(b) To listen to information
(c) To harvest information (d) To store information
9.
Four stages of information as function of communication are____
(a) Hearing, listening, responding and replying
(b) Collection, storing, processing and disseminating
(c) Collection, distribution, responding and displaying
(d) Hearing, accepting, responding and disseminating
10.
All these except one, are sources of information
(a) News
(b) Pictures
(c) Messages
(d) Content
ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C
B
A
C
D
C
A
A
B
D
GNS 211
1.
Persons who have sex with many partners are likely to contact_____
(A) Fever (B) Headache (C) HIV/AIDS (D) Stomachache
2.
Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa?
(A) HIV/AIDS and life expectancy (B) HIV/AIDS and child mortality
(C) HIV/AIDS and National Income (D) HIV/AIDS and National budget
3.
Which of the following is NOT a protective factor against HIV/AIDS?
(A) Positive school environment (B) A sense of hope for the future
(C) Having physical beliefs (D) Having spiritual beliefs
4.
The ____in Nigeria has undergone pronounced changes in recent years
(A) Drug scene (B) Drug abuse (C) Drug use (D) Drug addiction
5.
There is evidence from secondary sources that suggest that many ___are using
an abusing chemical substances in many African countries.
(A) Teen (B) Adult
(C) Super teen
(D) Teenagers
6.
Most of the data available on drug abuse are derived from _____sources
(A) Primary (B) Secondary (C) Tertiary (D) University
7.
Research coordinating bodies for drug abuse exist only in _____countries
(A) View
(B) Many (C) Very view
(D) None
8.
The available information reveals that there is a wide range of _______substances
in Africa that is being used.
(A) Psychoactive (B) Active (C) None active
(D) Psycho-social
9.
The misuse of stimulants has been reported from the following countries expect__
(A) Burkina Fasso (B) Senegal (C) South Africa (D) California
10.
Hypnosedative and some depressants misuse are also reported in country like
(A) Chad
(B) Gabon
(C) Uganda
(D) Senegal
11.
In the past decade, ____has become an important transshipment route for
heroine from South East Asia.
(A) South Africa (B) North Africa (C) East Africa (D) West Africa
12.
Cocaine use has been reported as a major problem among teenagers in the
Following countries except____ (A) Nigeria (B) Uganda (C) Kenya (D) Tanzania
13.
Drug abuse is widespread in ____
(A) North America (B) South America
14.
(C) Africa
(D) Europe
Which of the following is NOT in the category of adolescent drug user?
(A) The experimenters (B) The exceptional users (C) The compulsive user
(D) The floaters
15.
The ____typically use drugs in very small amounts.
(A) Floaters (B) Experimenters
(C) Compulsive users (D) Exceptional users
16.
The experimenters use drugs _____
(A) Occasionally (B) Always (C) Often
(D) Not at all
17.
A teenager’s exposure to drugs usually begins with ______
(A) Experiment (B) Experimentation (C) Compulsorily (D) Willingly
18.
Some unlucky experimenters, however, become ____
(A) Floaters (B) Non-experimenters (C) Compulsive users
(D) Non-compulsive user
19.
Generally, children with drug abuse problem are those that have relationships
with their parents. (A) Good (B) Poor (C) Very poor (D) Excellent
20.
Which one is NOT one of the behavioural changes in the life of a drug user
(A) Excessive time spent out (B) Changes in the way they dress and groom
(C) Irregular eating patterns (D) Regular eating patterns
21.
It is important to detect drug use as ______
(A) Early as possible (B) Late as possible (C) Occasional possible
(D) Often as possible.
22.
Drugs are taken into the body in different ways, the most common of which is___
(A) Anal (B) Oral (C) Nostril (D) Sight
23.
When drugs are swallowed, they are absorbed through the intestinal wall into the_
(A) Blood stream (B) Water stream (C) Vein stream (D) Mucus stream
24.
Marijuana, nicotine and inhalants are smoked-inhaled and enter the bloodstream
through the_____ (A) Liver (B) Throat (C) Lungs (D) Kidney
25.
Heroine is injected directly into the ______
(A) Bone (B) Blood (C) Vein (D) Intestine
26.
Snuffing is the preferred method of taking cocaine, which is been absorbed
through the _____ (A) Mucus membrane (B) Blood membrane
(C) Water membrane (D) Head membrane.
27.
The blood carries the drug to the different parts of the _____
(A) Head
(B) Leg (C) Body (D) Hand
28.
The effects of a drug depend on ______variables
(A) Two (B) Three
(C) Five
(D) Many
29.
Various drugs differ from one another in their _____composition
(A) Mechanical (B) Chemical
(C) Atomic
(D) Physical
30.
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used in Africa?
(A) Alcohol (B) Marijuana (C) Stimulants (D) None of the options
31.
Studies indicate that the use of alcohol is on the increase in ______ as a whole
(A) Nigeria and America (B) Nigeria and Egypt (C) Nigeria and Africa
(D) Africa and Europe
32.
Alcohol use in the Nigerian community traditionally occurs as a means of ___
the bond of friendship and kinship.
(A) Strengthening
(B) Engaging
(C) Disabused
(D) Abuse
33.
_____is used during worship of ancestral gods and during marriage and funeral
Ceremonies (A) Marijuana (B) Alcohol (C) Stimulants (D) Inhalants
34.
When alcohol is consumed it functions as a ______
(A) Depressant (B) Stimulant
(C) Volatile
(D) Cannabis
35.
______has a long duration of action because the rate of oxidation is slow.
(A) Marijuana (B) Inhalant
(C) Stimulant (D) Alcohol
36.
Alcohol leads to chronic lever disease, inflammation of various nerves, and ____
memory. (A) Poor (B) Impaired
(C) Good
(D) Excellent
37.
Heavy drinking for a teenager who is ____can be very dangerous for the baby
and the teenager herself. (A) Pregnant (B) Non pregnant (C) Single (D) Married
38.
Marijuana is very popular in many African countries it is almost about equal in
Popularity to ____ (A) Stimulants (B) Inhalants (C) Depressants (D) Alcohol
39.
Marijuana is a preparation made from the cannabis plant, usually consumed by__
(A) Smoking (B) Inhaling (C) Drinking
(D) Snuffing
40.
The potency of marijuana depends on how much of ___is present.
(A) Many (B) Resin
(C) Hashish
(D) Flower
41.
Hashish is a concentrated form of the resin taken from the flower of the ____
(A) Plant (B) Tree (C) Stone (D) House
42.
Grades of marijuana include regular ____which contains about 2% to 5% THC.
(A) Alcohol (B)Depressants
(C) Marijuana
(D) Inhalants
43.
When marijuana is smoked the THC absorbed rapidly into the ____
(A) Mucous (B) Blood
(C) Water (D) Bone
44.
Research has shown that there is considerable negative effect of marijuana on the
____ (A) Brain
(B) Nose (C) Mouth
(D) Ear
45.
Marijuana has been linked to a _____ syndrome.
(A) Exceptional
(B) Psychological () Motivational
(D) Un-motivational
46.
Daily smokers of marijuana are continuously high because marijuana is never
out of their ____ (A) System (B) Body (C) Head (D) Nostril
47.
Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of smoking marijuana
(A) Red eyes (B) Reaction time (C) Sensory perception (D) Normal dressing
48.
____is to stimulate the central nervous system
(A) Marijuana (B) Inhalants
(C) Depressants
(D) Stimulants
49.
Stimulants, used to reverse mental and physical fatigue, are increasing in use
among- (A) Adults (B) Aged
(C) Teenagers (D) Children]
50.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three well known categories of
stimulants (A) Caffeine (B) Codeine (C) Amphetamines (D) Cocaine
51.
______is a stimulants derived from the coca plant.
(A) Cocaine (B) Caffeine (C) Amphetamines (D) Marijuana
52.
Taking cocaine results in an intense, short-lived high for a few moments are
stimulation for ____hours. (A) One or three (B) Three or four (C) One or two
(D) Two or three
53.
Any form of ____produces a powerful psychological dependence or addiction
(A) Cocaine (B) Marijuana (C) Caffeine (D) Amphetamines
54.
Cocaine is a short-acting drug repeated administrations are needed to avoid ___
Symptoms. (A) Red (B) Withdrawal (C) Additional (D) Unfailing
55.
Excessive use of cocaine can lead to death after either acute ___failure or
circulatory collapse. (A) Intestine (B) Brain (C) Mouth (D) Respiratory
56.
It is a common sight to see ____on the streets of Nairobi, Kenya and several
other big cities in Africa sniffing glue in order to keep hunger at bay.
(A) Old people (B) Aged people (C) Young people (D) Single people
57.
Young people between the ages of __ and ___are the primary users of inhalants
(A) 11 and 12 (B) 11 and 15 (C) 11 and 14 (D) 11 and 16.
58.
Symptoms of inhalant use are a lack of ____
(A) Coordination (B) Un-coordination (C) Damage (D) Kidney damage
59.
Repeated use of inhalants can lead to the following except ____
(A) Brain damage (B) Liver damage (C) Nerve damage (D) Eye damage
60.
The main effect of depressants is the ____of stimulants.
(A) The same (B) Opposite (C) Resemblance (D) Automatic
61.
_____depress the central nervous system.
(A) Inhalants (B) Alcohol
(C) Depressants
(D) Marijuana
62.
Barbiturates are a class of ____depressants
(A) CNS (B) SNC (C) NCS (D) NSC
63.
Minor tranquilizers can be ____a sense of well-being
(A) Reproduce (B) Produce (C) Adapt (D) Create
64.
Narcotics of opiates are drugs whose main is served as______
(A) Inhalants (B) Depressants (C) Analgesics
(D) Non analgesics
65.
An example of cigarette is_____
(A) Malboro (B) Ogogoro (C) Stone
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
The street name for alcohol is _____
(A) Ciga (B) Grass
(C) Conja
(D) Coffee
(D) Ogogoro
The street name for cannabis is _____
(A) Obi
(B) Cocaine (C) Indian hemp
An example of mild stimulant is_____
(A) Marijuana (B) Ciga
(C) Kolanuts
An example of a strong stimulant is_____
(A) Valium 5 (B) Coffee (C) Booze
An example of a depressant is ______
(A) Valium 5 (B) Petrol
(C) Conja
(D) Egovin
(D) Cocaine
(D) Cocaine
(D) Coffee
71.
An example of opiate is ______
(A) Librium (B) Codeine (C) Alabukun
(D) Stone
72.
Petrol is an example of ____
(A) Panadol (B) Gbongo (C) Volatile inhalants (D) Depressant inhalant
73.
An example of over-the-counter drugs is ____
(A) Alabukun (B) Petrol
(C) Cocaine (D) Grass
74.
An example of prescription drug is _____
(A) Glue (B) Cocaine
(C) Antibiotics
75.
(D) Petrol
One of the street names of prescription drug is____
(A) Tetracycline (B) Bovine (C) Librium
(D) Stone
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
C
D
C
A
D
B
C
A
D
C
D
C
C
B
D
A
B
C
26.
27
28.
29.
30.
31..
32.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
A
C
D
B
D
C
A
B
A
D
B
A
D
A
B
A
C
B
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
A
D
A
B
D
C
B
A
D
B
C
A
B
C
A
D
C
C
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25
C
D
A
B
A
C
C
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
A
C
A
D
D
C
B
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
D
A
B
C
A
C
A
GNS 211
1.
In African traditional society, the following people are to main peace in their
Domains in Nigeria.
(a) Emirs, Obis and Obas
(b) Pastors, Messengers and Women
(c) Men, Custom officers and Police (d) Soldiers, Navy and Warders
2.
The first world war took place between______and_____
(a) 1914-1918 (b) 1920-1925
(c) 1901-1905
(d) 1905-1910
3.
The second world war took place between ______ and _______
(a) 1939-1945 (b) 1920-1925 (c) 1935-1940 (d) 1950-1958
4.
When was the Nigerian civil war?
(a) 1967-1970 (b) 1960-1966 (c) 1970-1975
5.
(d) 1980-1986
______was the Biafrian secessionist leader
(a) Odumegwu Ojukwo (Lt. col.) (b) Gen. Yakubu Gowon
(c) Theophilus Danjuma
(d) Olusegun Obasanjo
6.
What is the full meaning of NUC?
(a) National Universities Commission (b) Nigeria Universities Commission
(c) Niger Universities Commission (d) Northern Universal Commission.
7.
Peace and Conflict Workshop was held at the University of between ____
(a) 25th-28th October 2005
(b) 25th-28th October 2006
th
th
(c) 25 -28 October 2007
(c) 25th-28th October 2004
8.
What is the full meaning of ASUU?
(a) Academic Staff Union of Universities
(b) Academic Staff of Universal Basic Schools
(c) Association of University Union
(d) Association Staff of Nigerian Universities.
9.
What is the full meaning of SSANU?
(a) Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities
(b) Staff Association of Nigerian Universities
(c) Senior Staff Associated Universities
(d) Staff Union of Academic Society
10.
What is full meaning of NASU?
(a) Non-Academic Staff Union
(b) Non-Association Staff Union
(c) Non-Assisted Staff Union
(d) Non Allied Staff Union
11.
The primary assignment of Labour Union in a University is ____
(a) To protect the welfare of its members (b) To organize strikes
(c) To fight the university administration
(d) To recruit members to the Union
12.
One of the objectives of peace and conflict studies in the University is
(a) To find solution to regular strikes in the Universities
(b) To provide transportation for students
(c) To provide free education for students
(d) To provide free health programme for students.
13.
One of the National questions in Nigeria is _______
(a) Indigene / Non-indigene issue (b) Transportation
(c) Education (d) Health
]
14.
The three recognized religions in Nigerian are:
(a) African religion, Islam and Christianity
(b) African religion, Judaism and Christianity
(c) Islam, Christianity and Buddhism
15.
Boko Haram is an____
(a) Islamic sect
(b) Political Movement
(c) Social group
(d) Economic group
16.
St. Theresa’s Catholic Church Madalla is in _____state in Nigeria
(a) Niger State (b) Sokoto State (c) Osun State (d) Borno State
17.
President Goodluck Jonathan declared state of emergence in ______local
governments in Nigeria.
(a) Fifteen L.G.A.. (b) Twenty L.G.A. (c) Ten L.G.A.. (d) Twenty five LGA
18.
______is the present chairman of the Christian Association of Nigeria
(a) Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor (b) Pastor William Kumuyi
(c) Pastor David Oyedepo (d) Pastor Mose Orimolade
19.
Odua Peoples Congress (OPC) is a Youth Movement found in____
(a) South-Western States (b) North-Eastern States (c) South Eastern States
(d) North-Western States
20.
The Federal Government of Nigeria granted Amnesty programme to the militants
in______
(a) Niger Delta
(b) South-Western Nigeria (c) North-Eastern Nigeria
(d) North-Western Nigeria
21.
The President of Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) is _____
(a) Abdulwaheed Omar
(b) Hassan Sumann (c) Emmanuel Ajoku
(d) Owe Lakenifa
22.
Religious understanding can be resolved in Nigeria through____
(a) Dialogue (b) Sectarian crisis (c) Newspaper reports
(d) Pilgrimage to Mecca and Israel
23.
Hassan Sumonu was once the President of_____
(a) Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC)
(b) Nigeria Medical Association(NMA)
(c) Nigeria University Commission (NUC)
(d) Nigeria Football Association (NFA)
24.
Comrade Adams Oshimole was a former President of _____
(a) The Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC)
(b) The Nigeria Football Association (NFA)
(c) Nigeria Medical Association (NMA)
(d) President of Oodua People Congress (OPC)
25.
The Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities went on strike in 2011
because::
(a) The Federal Government failed to implement the 2009 agreement
(b) The Union requested for the establishment of more universities
(c) The President of ASUU wanted to become a Vice-Chancellor
(d) The Government is planning to scrap some universities
GNS 211
1. Which of the following is false about “Problem”?
(a) It is a desired or an ideal state of affairs
(b) It is a discrepancy between the actual and ideal states of affairs
(c) It is a difference between the current and desired states of affairs
(d) It creates difficulty
2. Following from Johnson and Johnson (2000), which of the following is not
a concern in problem-solving?
(a) Determining the actual state of affairs
(b) Determining the best means of moving from the actual to the desired
state of affairs
(c) Specifying the ideal state of affairs
(d) Moving from the desired state of affairs to the actual state of affairs
3. A decision is:
(a) A state of affairs
(b) A conclusion about to be reached
(c) A judgment passed on an issue at hand
(d) One’s mind to decide
4. Decision-making involves all of the following except
(a) The act of making up one’s mind on an issue
(b) Reaching an issue or a question
(c) Resolving an issue and taking a stand on it
(d) Almost always a choice among two or more possibilities.
5. After a decision is made,
(a) It must be re-examined
(b) It must be put into effect
(c) It must be revealed
(d) It must be plemented.
6. Decision in certain areas of university students’ life can have lasting
Impacts on their lives except in one of the following:
(a) To join a secret cult on campus or not to join
(b) To have pre-marital sex or to wait till marriage
(c) To cheat during examinations or not to cheat
(d) To play ‘ludo’ or to play chess.
7. Which of the following is false?
(a) Problem-solving and decision-making are parts and parcel of each other
(b) Problem-solving is part of the decision-making process
(c) Decision-making is a crucial step in the problem-solving process
(d) Decision-making is just one step in problem-solving
8. Which of the following is not true?
(a) Decision-making and problem-solving are the same thing
(b) As students encounter problems they try to solve them
(c) In solving their problems students have to make certain decisions and choices
(d) Seldom does a student use the same method for solving all problems.
9. When a student gets into a fix that seems to defy solution, it is usually a wise step
to:
(a) Run-helter skelter
(b) Wait till the problem solves itself
(c) Seek counsel from a professional counselor (d) Shout at the fix
10. The following are parts of decision making except
(a) Thinking over alternative actions
(b) Using an appropriate method to pick the alternative to be executed
(c) Asking friends to eliminate bad options
(d) Weighing the advantages/disadvantages of each alternative
11. The criteria for effective decisions do not include one of these,
(a) The resources available (including time) are well used
(b) The problem-solving ability of the decision maker is enhanced
(c) The decision is acted upon fully
(d) The problem no longer frightens the problem-solver
12. Which of these reasons are about why some students have a hard time making
decision?
(i) They don’t meet all the criteria for effective decisions
(ii) They have inner conflicts about their ability to make correct decisions
(ii) Fear of the consequences of their decisions
(iv) Fear of failure if the decision is implemented
(v) Peer pressure
(a) (i), (ii) (iii) (iv) and (v)
(b) (i) , (ii) (iii) (iv) and (vi)
(c) (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v)
(d) (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi)
13. Arrange the following seven-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson,
Cox and Herring (1981) in the correct sequence:
1. Gather information
2. Weigh the evidence
3. Identify the problem
4. Review modify the decision
5. Choose from among the alternatives
6. Take action
7. Identify viable alternatives
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
(b) 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6, 4,
(c) 3, 1, 7, 5, 2, 4, 6
(d) 3, 1, 7, 2, 5, 6, 4.
14.
If you gather true/factual information on cheating during examination, you are
likely to find which of these as untrue?
(a) Cheating is risky/dangerous
(b) Cheating requires skills/expertise that are difficult to acquire
(c) Everybody cheats
(d) Cheaters may not be caught.
15.
If you gather true/factual information on not cheating during examination, you
are likely to find which of these as untrue?
(a) Not cheating will likely lead to failure
(b) Not cheating is choosing the path of honour
(c) Not cheating could facilitate good character formation
(d) Non-cheaters are at peace with themselves.
16.
Which of the following counsels on premarital sex is sound?
(a) Pre-marital sex is fraught with dangers
(b) Having pre-marital sex does not meant that you have cheated your eventual
spouse.
(c) Giving in for pre-marital sex is showing real/true love
(d) Pre-marital sex is sanctioned by the society.
17.
Which of the following statements on pre-marital sex is false?
(a) Waiting till marriage facilitates character development
(b) Virginity is hardly appreciated these days
(c) The use of condom for pre-marital sex is not 100% safe
(d) The “everybody does it” is false
18.
Which of the following statements about cults on campus are true?
1.
Cults usually carry an aura of mysticism
2.
Requirements for membership are totally revealed right from the onset
3.
Withdrawal of membership is easy
4.
Membership is costly in terms of financial and time commitments
5.
Membership leads to the erosion of some of one’s liberties.
(a) 1, 2, 4, and 5
(b) 2, 3 and 5
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1, 4 and 5
19.
If you choose not to join a cult on campus, then
(a) You are likely going to fail in your examinations
(b) You may find that some non-cultic students too have excelled in the past
(c) Your personal liberties will be freely infringed upon
(d) You will not find a good non-cultic group to join on campus.
20.
Which of the following statements is a wise counsel for university student
When tempted or invited to cheat in examinations, engage in pre-marital sex
of join a secret cult?
(a) It’s not every student who can acquire the skills for solving his/her
problems and making decisions
(b) A student should not be made to face the consequences of his/her
decisions
(c) A student should not say ‘yes’ when he/she wants to say ‘no’
(d) No student has the right to judge his/her own behaviour, thoughts and
emotions.
21.
The number of steps in Krumbottz and Thoresen’s (1976) decision making model
is:
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
22.
The number of steps in Welker’s (2008) decision making model is
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8
(d) 9
23.
Which of the following is untrue about the decision making model of
Borman, Colson, Cox and Herring (1981)?
(a) It is easy to follow
(b) It’s steps are sequential
(c) Its steps are logical
(d) It steps are cyclical
24.
In what year did Kohler study the behaviour of caged Chimpanzees trying to
solve a problem?
(a) 1972 (b) 1939 (c) 1993 (d) 1927
25.
Which of the following is not one of the baviours observed by Kohler watching
a Chimpanzee trying to solve the problem of reaching a bunch of bananas?
(a) Throwing a stick at the bananas
(b) Plucking one banana at a time
(c) Jumping from a box
(d) Leaping wildly from the ground.
26.
In a study designed to understand how Chimpanzees try to solve a problem, what
term did Kohler use to describe the cognitive process underlying the behaviour of
the Chimpanzee?
(a) Outsight (b) Hindsight
(c) Insight (c) Sudden sight
27.
Which of the following is both a common and a critical problem that
undergraduates face on campus?
(a) To read GNS 211 before reading CED 209.
(b) To cheat or not to cheat in an examination
(c) To have teat or coffee with one’s break-fast
(d) To play lawn tennis or table tennis during games on Wednesday.
28.
Step 4 of the 7-steps model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cox and
Herring (1981) is
(a) Weigh the evidence
(b) Identify viable alternatives
(c) Choose from among the alternatives
(d) Gather information
29.
In the 7-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cod and
Herring (1981), the step titled “Take Action” means the same thing as:
(a) Think of the decision
(b) Act on the action
(c) Make a plan for implementing the decision (d) Make for the time to act
30.
In the 7-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cox and Herring
(1981), the step title “Weigh the evidence” means the same thing as:
(a) Make a plan for implementing the decision
(b) Assess the weight of the evidence
(c) Weigh the balanced alternatives
(d) Evaluate the remaining alternatives
31.
In the 7-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cox and Herring
(1981), the step titled “Review the decision” is the same thing as:
(a) Modify the plan
(b) Change your choice
(c) Evaluate the action taken
(d) Think the action through
32.
Step 3 of the 7-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cox
and Herring (1981) is:
(a) Identify viable alternatives
(b) Gather information
(c) Identify the problem
(d) Choose from among the alternatives
33.
Krumbolts and Thoresen’s (1976) model of decision making was designed to be
used by counselors with clients who:
(a) Have trouble making decisions
(b) Find it difficult to join peers in making decisions
(c) Find it difficult to implement their decisions
(d) Find it difficult to review their decision.
34.
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Kohler reported Feldman’s study on Chimpanzees
(b) Feldman cited Kohler’s study on Chimpanzees
(c) Kohler and Feldman cited each other’s study on Chimpanzees
(d) Kohler and Feldman both cited an earlier study on Chimpanzees.
35.
Who wrote the book titled “When I say no I feel guilty” in 1975?
(a) V.G. Zunker (b) M.J. Smith
(c) J. Wallace
(d) D.W. Johnson and F.P. Johnson
36.
Who wrote the book titled “Don’t say yes when you want to say no” in 1990?
(a) D.W. Johnson and F.B. Johnson
(b) M.J. Smith
(c) J. Wallace (d) H. Fensterheim and J.Baer
37.
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Several decision making models are available in the literature
(b) The 7-step model of decision making is the best available
(c) The number of steps in decision making determines its quality
(d) The fewer the models used the easier decision making becomes.
38.
What are the next six numbers in the series 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3_____?
(a) 5 3 3 6 3 7 (b) 3 5 6 3 3 7 (c) 5 3 6 3 7 3 (d) 3 3 6 6 9 9
39.
How can student fetch exactly 11 litres of water with three containers having the
following capacity (a) 5 litres; (b) 7 litres and (c) 28 litres withing using any
other vessel or gadjet?
(a) He should pour the water available together and divide it into two parts of 11
and 29 litres.
(b) He should pour the water available together and divide it into three parts of
11, 10 and 9 litres
(c) He should draw out 5 litres once and 7 litres twice from the 28-litre
container.
(d) He should draw out 7 litres once and 5 litres twice from the 28-litre
container
40.
Which of the following statements is true? As a student:
(a) You have the potential to solve problems that come your way
(b) You have the power to call forth problems that come your way
(c) You have potential to empower your awareness
(d) You have problems that potentate your power
41.
Who counseled students thus: “you should not be intimidated when faced with
problems to solve…”?
(a) J.E. Spirer
(b) C. McNamara (c) J. Beckno (d) V.G. Zunker
42.
Baseball is to bat as tennis is to…….
(a) serve (b) hit (c) ball (d) racket
43.
The story titled “it is in your hand” is to teach a lesson that:
(a) A young man cannot be as wise as an old man
(b) A story is an old sage fable to make us wiser
(c) The key to solving your life’s problems is in your hand
(d) You hand is the key to your life.
44.
Decision making involves a conscious, systematic process which students can
learn and perform better with…..
(a) Practice (b) Caution (c) Concentration (d) Silence
45.
As people (including students) encounter problems in life, they try to:
(a) Solve them (b) Decide them (c) Manipulate them (d) Dissolve them
46.
If you choose not to have pre-marital sex but to wait till marriage which of the
following evidences would be found to be untrue?
(a) Waiting carries no guilt feeling
(b) That everybody indulges in pre-marital sex is untrue
(c) Waiting would facilitate warped character development
(d) Most religions frown at pre-marital sex.
47.
Why is it better to consult a counselor/mentor/confidant of the same sex and not
of opposite sex when the pressure to make a wrong decision gets too much?
(a) Because ‘bids of the same feather flock together’
(b) Because ‘a stitch in time saves nine’
(c) So as not to go ‘from frying pan into fire’
(d) So that you can learn better
48.
It has been found that once a student joins a cult on campus:
(a) Maintaining membership is easy if he knows how to play his cards
(b) Membership becomes easy to maintain
(c) Withdrawal becomes difficult
(d) His personal liberties are assured
49.
A student who wishes to take the proper action against cheating in examinations
will likely not do which of the following?
(a) Attend all lectures/practicals punctually
(b) Study a little harder
(c) Submit all CA assignments properly done
(d) Make phone calls to befriend cheaters
50.
In the 7-step model of decision making by Borman, Colson, Cod and Herring
(1981), the last step is otherwise titled:
(a) Evaluate the action taken
(b) Take action
(c) Modify the final plan
(d) Choose the best alternative
ANSWERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
A
D
C
B
B
D
B
A
C
C
D
A
D
C
A
A
B
D
B
C
C
A
D
D
B
41
42
43.
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
B
D
C
A
A
C
C
C
D
A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
C
B
A
C
D
C
A
A
B
B
D
A
C
D
A
GNS 211
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Niger Delta problem has its roots in the creation of Nigeria by the colonial
administration in
(a) 1960 (b) 1966
(c) 1976
(d) 1984
Niger Delta Region is a minority group in
(a) River State and Kwara State
(b) Middle Belt States of Benue Kogi and Plateau
(c) Cross River State and Akwa Ibom
(d) Bayelsa Delta and Rivers
Before the advent of oil in Nigeria, the country’s economic bane stay was
(a) Oil and gas
(b) Diesel and petroleum
(c) Weaving and calabash works (d) Groundnut and Cocoa
The predominant tribes of Niger Delta are
(a) Igbos, Calabar and Efik (b) Jukun, Okun and Idomas
(c) Irhobo, Ijaws, Ishekir and Isoko (d) Fulani, Yoruba and Kanuris
5.
As a result of oil spillage in the Niger Delta region there are no
(a) Aquatic life and water for the people (b) land for grazing their animals
(c) No electricity light (d) Zero night life
6.
What is the full meaning of MOSOP
(a) Movement of Student of Port Harcourt
(b) Movement of Suffering People
(c) Movement of the Survival of Ogoni People
(d) Movement of the Survival of Ogoja People
7.
The issue of the Niger Delta is traceable to some notable elders
(a) Alh. Saraki (b) Chief Olusegun Obasanjo (c) Chief Solomon Lar
(d) Chief Edwin Clark
The chief executives of the three Niger Delta States are
(a) Edwin Clark, Great Ogoboni, Tompolo
(b) Rotimi Amaechi, Emmanual Uduagham, Timi Prety Sitra
(c) Gbenga Daniel, Babatunde, Fashola, Segun Oni
(d) Gabriel Susan, Orje Kabe, Sam Egwusi
8.
9.
Nigeria practices a federal constitution whereby
(a) Regions are stronger than the centre
(b) The states and region and stronger than the centre
(c) The centre is stronger than the region
(d) The regions control revenue allocation
10.
The pre-colonial Northern Nigeria, the early economic bane stay was
(a) Yam (b) Kolanuts
(c) Athlets (d) Groundnuts
11.
MEND is a militia group in
(a) Niger (b) Benue
(c) Lagos
(d) Niger Delta
12.
Taking of hostages in the Niger Delta is a response to
(a) Quest for state creation
(b) Demand for more oil companies in the area
(c) Demand for equitable revenue allocation
(d) Release of all MEND Detainees
13.
Nigeria is currently a
(a) Unitary constitution (b) Republican constitution
(c) Ohgarchi constitution (d) Federal constitution
14.
The problem of Niger Delta is traceable to
(a) The Unitary constitution (b) The republican constitution
(c) The Federal constitution (d) Failure of military rule
15.
In the view of the Federal government, the agitation in the Niger Delta is a
(a) Sessionist bid
(b) Guerela warfare (c) Remoting controlled by Niger
Delta elites
(d) War tribal war
16.
Section 162 (2) of the Constitution stipulates
(a) 20 percent money generated from oil to oil producing areas
(b) 30% to oil producing area (c) 50% to oil producing area
(d) 13% to oil producing area
17.
Who owns oil?
(a) The Nigeria army (b) Nigeria
(d) Local communities
(c) States
18.
Most of the South South Governors came to power without any viable agenda so
(a) They thought of political suicide
(b) They saw resource control as a veritable pedestal to forge one
(c) They saw resource control as a way to settle political scores
(d) They saw resource control as a way of generating money for friends
and family
19.
Before the advent of oil in commercial quantities the economy of Western
Region depended on
(a) Cotton and groundnut
(b) Soyabeans and Amala
(c) Cocoa and timber
(d) Sorghum
20.
King William Dappa pepple was the king of
(a) Adagbagiri (b) Ughele (c) Bonny (d) Okirika
21.
King Jaja had his kingdom in
(a) Warri
(b) Sapele (c) Opobo
(d) Benin
22.
Nana Ohomu oversee the activities of the
(a) Ijaws (b) Itsekiri
(c) Urhobo (d) Igbos
23.
Isaac Adaka Boro’s revolt was to draw governments attention to
(a) Oppression of the people of the Niger Delta
(b) The creation of Niger Delta State
(c) The creation of NNDC
(d) Surplus waste of oil resources in the area
24.
In 1960 the revenue allocation was
(a) 50%
(b) 20%
(c) 18%
(d) 80%
25.
In 1975 the revenue allocation was
(a) 20%
(b) 30%
(c) 45%
26.
While in 1982 it shrink to
(a) 11%
(b) 25%
(c) 15%
(d) 18%
(d) 35%
27.
The Ogori Bill of Rights was endorsed by all traditional rulers and elite of
Ogori land in
(a) 1960 (b) 1989
(c) 1970
(d) 1990
28.
The hanging of Ken-Saro-Wiwa by Gen. Sanni Abacha was in
(a) 2001
(b) 1960
(c) 1995
(d) 1998
29.
Shell transnational cooperation operates mainly in the oil rich areas of
(a) Adamawa Plateau
(b) Benue (c) Lagos Water front
(d) Niger Delta
30.
Ken-Saro-Wiwa was principally concerned with the Ogoni struggle
which he saw in terms of a struggle against
(a) Human Rights abuse
(b) Environmental degredation
(c) Child Labour trafficking (d) Woman rights
31.
The goose that lays the golden egg must be made to have a substantial
share of it. What egg are we talking about
(a) gesse egg (b) chicken egg (c) oil (d) guinea fowl egg
32.
Obo Orovammen of Benin was deported to ___ for his effontenny to the British
(a) Kano
(b) Port Harcourt
(c) Calabar (d) Aba
33.
Nigeria Government derives up to 95% of exchange earnings from
(a) Groundnut and Cocoa
(b) Tin and Columbite
(c) Iron ore
(d) Crude oil
34.
The Land Use Act of 1978 redefined the Legal process of Land ownership
and vested the powers
(a) The Presidentof Nigeria who could revoke a right of occupancy
(b) The State Governor who could revoke the right of occupancy
(c) Local Government Chairman who could revoke the right of occupancy
(d) The Chief Judge of the Federation
35.
The 1965 Petroleum Act Vested the ownership of all known oil deposit in the
Nigerian State to
(a) Federal Government (b) State Government (c) Local Communities
(d) Oil Companies
36.
The Kaiman Declaration of all Ijaw Youth Conference was
(a) June 1995 (b) December 1998 (c) January 1997 (d) July 1998
37.
Oil Exploration License (OEL) are usually granted by
(a) Minister for Petroleum Resources
(b) President of the Federal
(c) State Governors of Oil rich states
(d) Secretary General of OPEC
38.
One of the cardinal point of the Ogoni Bill of rights
(a) Political control of Ogoni, affairs by Ogoni people
(b) Right to choose the President from Ogoni land
(c) The choose of Ogoni people to use Ogoni oil the way they like
(d) Direct the affairs of all oil companies in Ogoni land.
39.
Which of these is not part of the Ogoni Bill of Right
(a) The right to control and use a fair proportion of Ogoni resources for
development
(b) Adequate and direct representation as a right in all Nigerian national
Institution
(c) The right to protect the Ogoni environment and ecology from degradation
(d) The right to elect an Ogoni man as president
40.
MEND is like the
(a) Odua People Congress (b) Asun
(c) Organized labour
(d) NANS
41.
Is the Nigeria State a true Federal system?
(a) No
(b) Yes
(c) Not yet
(d) Past
42.
In a Unitary Government the centre is stronger than
(a) The regions (b) The regions are more stronger
(c) Parliament (d) Police and army
43.
The eight Ogoni members of MOSOP that were executed were also accused of
murdering
(a) Ten Ogoni member
(b) Five Ogoni youths
(c) Five Kalambani people
(d) Ten Okirika people
44.
Cherron is not an oil company in Niger Delta
True or False
Total as one of the major oil companies is responsible for oil exploration in
(a) Port Harcourt town (b) Abba Expressway (c) Ogoni land (d) Onitsha
45.
46.
General Abacha killing of the Ogoni eight alongside Ken-Saro-Wiwa was as
as a result of their taking the law into their hands by those they called____
who betrayed them
(a) Vultures (b) Jackals
(c) Dogs
(d) Lions
47.
Resource control is agitation for control of
(a) Resource from Niger Delta
(b) Minority attention
(c) Political relevance
(d) Creation of Niger Delta Policy and Army
48.
The Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction over natural resources applies only
Oil and gas
(a) Tin and Columbite (b) To oil and gas (c) Hides and skin
(d) Gold and diamond
49.
Oil trade in the Niger Delta has brought ___ from successive Nigeria
Administration
(a) Sorrow, repression and intimidation (b) Money, happiness and joy
(c) Prosperity, richness and growth (d) Aparthy, distress and hatred
50.
In colonial times the oil trade produced ___ who are merchants in Niger Delta
(a) Nationalists (b) Soldiers (c) Native administrators (d) Explorers
51.
The Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction over natural resources applies only
(a) Cocoa (b) Palm oil (c) Hides and skin (d) Oil and gas
52.
The Niger Delta Region was hitherto called
(a) River State (b) Oil Rivers Protectorate
(d) Calabar Protectorate
(c) Delta Oil Region
53.
The Late Oba of Benin Oba Ovoramen was deported by the British in their
Quest for oil control to
(a) Kalabari (b) Warri (c) Sapele (d) Calabar
54.
Ken Saro-Wiwa before his death was able to put
(a) Niger Delta Region on World Map
(b) Put shell and the Federal Government on the Court of
International Public opinion
(c) River State in the International Court of Justice
(d) Put Nigeria as the biggest oil exporter in the world
55.
The Ogoni Bill of Rights was endorsed by all traditional rulers and
elite of Ogoniland in
(a) 1990 (b) 2011 (c) 1996 (d) 1914
56.
57.
58.
Ken Saro Wiwa and his compatriots were hanged in
(a) 1990 (b) 1995 (c) 1993 (d) 1991
Ken Saro Wiwa deferred the Ogoni struggle as
(a) Freedom for the Niger Delta Region (b) As an environmental issue
(c) A political issue (d) An Economic issue
The Federal Government has response to the quest for resources control by
(a) Palliative measures (b) Blackmail (c) Award of contract
(d) Appointments of boards
59.
The Federal Government has handled the issue of resource control like the British
with
(a) Kid gloves (b) Sledge hammer (c) Comet and stick (d) Kidness
60.
Those termed “vultures” was as a result of
(a) them been seen as traitors
(b) as patriots (c) as true Niger Delta indigenes
(d) as true compatriots
61.
The current trend subsidy protest is about
(a) Niger Delta Question (b) Removal of Resource Control
(c) Removal of Fuel subsidy (d) Resource allocation
62.
The Oil Mineral Producing Area Development Commission
(a) superseded the Bayelsa Election (b) superseded the 3 percent derivation fund
(c) superseded the NDDC activities (d) superseded the activities of shell
63.
King William Dappa Pepple of Banny was an casualty of British imperialism
when he was exiled in
(a) 1929
(b) 1859
(c) 1914
(d) 1970
64.
In Nigeria, oil is thicker than
(a) Water (b) Blood (c) Palm oil
(d) Cocoa
65.
Nigeria currently is deriving as much as
(a) 65% of its exchange earnings from oil
(b) 95% of its exchange earnings from oil
(c) 90% of its exchange earnings from oil
(d) 85% of its exchange earnings from oil
66.
The oil wealth has brought
(a) Wealth and prosperity to the Niger Delta region
(b) Sorrow repression and intimidation from successive administration
(c) In Nigeria, colonial or post colonial
(d) About many Millionaires in the Niger Delta area
The Amnesty programme as targeted at youths from
(a) Benue State (b) Niger Delta Region militias
(c) Federal capital territory (d) Youths from Lagos
67.
68.
69.
70.
The Niger Delta Region faces amongst many problems the issue of
(a) Land scarcity, Swampy terrain and high population density
(b) Abundant portable drinking water
(c) Abundant agricultural land for farming
(d) A low population growth
One major area of conflict is the Niger Delta
(a) is chieftaincy palaver
(b) compensation money
(c) palliative money
(d) subsidy removal
One of the primary objective of the Ogoni Bill of rights is
(a) Money for all Ogoni people
(b) The right to protect the Ogoni environment and ecolocy from degradation
(c) Governorship of the people of Ogoni land
(d) Production of Head of State
ANSWERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
D
D
D
C
A
C
D
B
C
D
D
C
D
C
A
D
B
B
C
C
C
B
A
A
A
C
D
C
D
B
C
C
D
B
A
B
A
A
D
A
A
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
A
A
C
C
A
A
B
A
A
D
B
D
A
A
B
B
B
B
A
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
B
B