CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 UNIT 3: HEALTH Healthy Living Health Information Healthy Relationships (1 and 2) Health Decisions (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) UNIT OVERVIEW Through activities such as brainstorming, charts, tables, “self-portraits,” case study scenarios, research projects, debates, and personal contracts, students gain an understanding of the implications of a range of health topics. They evaluate potential effects of various health-related decisions on self and communities. Students also learn to interpret health information and analyse factors contributing to healthy relationships. (Several activities in this unit suggest the use of case study and role play scenarios. These scenarios can be developed by teachers, created by students, derived from recommended learning resources, collected from news media, or found online.) Students demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and attitudes through their successful performance of various instructional tasks, as well as through written responses in journals and descriptive paragraphs. Teachers may also wish to use checklists, scoring guides, rating scales, and written or oral assessments to determine the extent to which students have met the Prescribed Learning Outcomes. This organizer allows a degree of individual teacher and student choice in the exploration of topics to meet certain learning outcomes. Where specific topics have been included in the learning outcomes, the intent is for all students to have an opportunity to address these important issues. However, the inclusion of certain specific topics is not intended to exclude additional issues that may also be relevant for individual school communities. It may be appropriate to allow for student input when selecting current and relevant topics. Note: Many of the Prescribed Learning Outcomes in this curriculum organizer deal with topics that may be a source of sensitivity for some students and parents/guardians (e.g., substance misuse, sexual decision making). Teachers should consider informing parents and guardians before addressing topics that could be considered sensitive. Students, with the consent of their parents/guardians and in consultation with their school, may choose not to participate in classes when these topics are discussed, and address the topics in an agreed-upon alternate delivery option. (Districts should have their own policies and guidelines in place to explain how opting for alternate delivery can be achieved and assessed. Refer to ministry policy, http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/policy/, for more information.) Suggested Timeframe An average of 36 hours is suggested to address the Prescribed Learning Outcomes in this curriculum organizer. Learning at Previous Grades characteristics of healthy lifestyles influences (e.g., media, peer, family) on decision making defining healthy and unhealthy relationships assertiveness, refusal skills, and responding to peer pressure child abuse prevention puberty, human reproduction disease prevention, particularly HIV/AIDS and STIs substance misuse prevention safety and injury prevention information and support for a range of health issues Planning 10 -1- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Healthy Living Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse factors that influence health (e.g., physical activity, nutrition, stress management) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: describe the roles of various factors in developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including physical activity, nutrition, positive self-image, substance misuse prevention, stress management, time management, and risk management identify and describe examples of social and environmental influences on health (e.g., family, peers, media, technology, air and water quality) illustrate the interconnectedness of various components of overall health (e.g., physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Brainstorm, discussion, presentation Ask students to brainstorm factors that contribute to and influence the health and well-being of individuals. As a class, discuss ways these factors can be categorized (e.g., social influences and environmental influences; physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and social health). Include a focus on how these factors are connected—for example, the effects of physical fitness on other aspects of overall health and well-being. Have students work individually or in groups to create a poster, collage, web, video, web site, Venn diagram, pie chart, or other representation depicting the characteristics of a balanced healthy lifestyle. Assess students’ depictions of balanced healthy lifestyles based on the extent to which they have addressed: the roles of factors such as physical activity, healthy eating, stress management, and risk management in developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle social and environmental influences on health the interrelationships of physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and social components of health. Planning 10 -2- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Case study Provide students with scenarios depicting lifestyles with unhealthy characteristics or behaviours (e.g., in terms of physical activity, nutrition, risk taking, stress). For example: someone who is working long hours and consuming a lot of caffeine to keep going a young person who spends all of her or his free time on the Internet and playing computer games a friend who only wants to be friends with you and has no interest in socializing with other people a young person who avoids physical activity and frequently skips PE class a friend who daily skips breakfast in an attempt to lose weight. In groups, have students analyse the scenarios and develop a plan for improving the health of the people in the scenario. Have students present their suggested plans to the rest of the class. Groups can present in the form of a story, oral presentation, electronic slide show, or other representation. SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Assess students’ group presentations of a plan for improving the health of characters in scenarios. Look for evidence of the extent to which they have addressed the following in their plan: identified the unhealthy characteristics or behaviours in the scenario described the influencing factor(s) (e.g., physical, mental, social, environmental) proposed an effective solution(s) to improve the health of the person in the scenario. Recommended Learning Resources: bc.tobaccofacts: A Tobacco Prevention Resource for Teachers Exploring the Issues: Teens—Alcohol and Other Drugs Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Lifechoices: Relationships Wellness: A Question of Balance Selected Web Sites: BC Health Files http://www.bchealthguide.org/healthfiles/index.stm Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html Planning 10 -3- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Information Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse health information for validity and personal relevance Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: collect and present information on health topics (e.g., nutritional supplements, disordered eating, depression, tobacco use prevention and cessation, prevention of unplanned pregnancy, substance misuse, sun protection, allergies, food safety, proper back care, ergonomics) from a variety of sources such as personal interviews, the Internet, and community organizations assess the validity of collected health information by: determining examples of bias and points of view in health information (e.g. promotion of company products) checking references to determine the professional affiliations of the producer/author investigating funding sources/affiliations of the information determining currency of information determining consistency of information obtained from other sources on the same topic assess selected health information for personal relevance (e.g., appropriateness for current use, appropriateness for future reference, consistency with personal values) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Health information directory As a class, determine a set of questions to be answered or health topics to be addressed. (Alternatively, install a health question box for students throughout the school to contribute questions anonymously.) Divide the class into groups, and assign a specific question or issue to each group. For example, questions could include asking where someone could go to: get tested for sexually transmitted infections find information about the most appropriate safety equipment for playing particular sports get information about depression (about Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, stress management, fitness, substance misuse, nutritional content of fast foods). Have each group create a section for a school health information directory, listing the sources of information found in their research. (The focus of this activity is on the sources of information, rather than the information itself.) Provide opportunities for students to share and discuss their findings with other groups before completing the directory. The health directory can be continually updated as new health resources are identified. As students work in groups to answer questions about specific health topics and create a school health information directory, discuss the criteria for assessment. For example, each group can be required to: identify a variety of sources include contact name, address, phone number, URL, hours of operation for each source identify any associated costs for the service identify the target audience (e.g., children, teens, adults; women, people with disabilities). Planning 10 -4- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Media analysis Provide students with several different health information pamphlets or web sites to critique. Working individually or in groups, ask students to answer questions such as the following on a worksheet: Who is the author or sponsor? Do the authors or sponsors list their qualifications? Do they provide information about their purpose or mandate in providing the service or information? Who is the intended target audience for this information? Is the information relevant for teenagers? Do you think the information is accurate? Does the information seem biased? If so, how? Have students select sample sentences or paragraphs from each site or pamphlet to support their critique. SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Collect students’ worksheets critiquing health information sources. Assess students’ work in terms of the extent to which they have: identified authors or sources and their qualifications identified purpose or mandate identified when the resource was created and/or updated identified intended target group (e.g., relevance to teens) articulated an opinion about the accuracy of the information supported their work with quotations or samples from the service provider or site. The criteria outlined in BC Performance Standards: Reading—Grade 10 can be used to assess students’ abilities to read and analyse health information. Criteria that are most relevant are those related to: comprehension response and analysis. BC Performance Standards are available online at http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/perf_stands/ Recommended Learning Resources: bc.tobaccofacts: A Tobacco Prevention Resource for Teachers Exploring the Issues: Teens—Alcohol and Other Drugs Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Wellness: A Question of Balance Planning 10 -5- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Selected Web Sites: BC Centre for Disease Control http://www.bccdc.org/ BC Health Files http://www.bchealthguide.org/healthfiles/index.stm Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ The McCreary Centre Society http://www.mcs.bc.ca/index.html Media Awareness Network http://www.media-awareness.ca/ Child and Youth Mental Health – BC Ministry of Children and Family Development http://www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/mental_health/programs_resources.htm Planning 10 -6- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Healthy Relationships (1) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: demonstrate an understanding of skills needed to build and maintain healthy relationships (e.g., effective communication, problem solving) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: analyse the ways in which effective communication skills (e.g., active listening, asking for clarification, sharing information, accepting feedback, assertiveness, negotiation, using questions to clarify, using “I” statements) can help build and maintain healthy family, school, peer, romantic, and workplace relationships describe characteristics of healthy relationships (e.g., mutual interests, trust, loyalty) and unhealthy relationships (e.g., lack of respect, poor communication) use a problem-solving model to identify realistic solutions for specific relationship problems (e.g., jealousy, gossip, harassment, control, abuse, ending a relationship) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Media analysis Select relationship examples from TV, movies, and books that depict good and poor communication skills. Include a range of types of relationships (e.g., parents and children, boss and employee, romantic, peer). Have students use a chart or storyboard to note how each character in the example demonstrates various communication skills. Collect students’ completed charts or storyboards assessing the communication skills of characters from TV, movies, and books. Note the extent to which students were able to: cite specific examples of good communication skills (e.g., asking for clarification, paraphrasing, using questions to clarify, sharing information, accepting feedback, using “I” statements) cite specific examples of poor communication skills (e.g., blaming, using put-downs, ranting, inactive listening) indicate what communication skills the characters need to develop. Planning 10 -7- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Scenarios In small groups, have students create short scenarios describing a relationship problem. For example, problems could be based on: communicating with partner about sexual readiness someone being emotionally or physical abused by partner using Internet chat rooms to bully another student a friend who is dating a much older person and getting into unsafe situations communicating with parents about a desire for increased independence. Have them switch their scenarios with a different group to propose detailed solutions to the problem. After time for discussion, have groups present their solutions to the group that created the problem scenario. When groups have considered possible solutions to their assigned problems and shared them with another group, have them work individually to write a brief paragraph or flow chart describing the problem solving approach. Assess based on criteria discussed as a class, such as the inclusion of the following steps: identify the problem identify the root cause of problem identify possible strategies for resolution consider the effect of each strategy on each person in the scenario select one strategy for solution describe the expected outcome. review activity—no corresponding assessment Discuss with students the criteria for assessing their work on relationship support services. For example, students’ work can be assessed on the extent to which the information provided: accurately outlines the current stance, role, and responsibilities of the organization or agency defines the service offered (e.g., in terms of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; services for specific clientele) is relevant and appropriate to the issue includes detailed and accurate source and contact information. Criteria such as these can be used as the basis for teacher, peer, and/or self-assessment of students’ research. Discussion As a class, review and discuss strategies a person can use to avoid or get out of an unhealthy relationship. Facilitate the discussion as required, ensuring students identify strategies such as: assertiveness conflict resolution anger management understanding the cycle of violence knowing when to get help and where to go. Research and report Have students research the availability of programs and services offered in their communities to assist people who may be involved in unhealthy relationships. Encourage them to investigate a range of sources (e.g., telephone directories, the Internet, newspapers, pamphlets from doctor’s offices and counselling centres). Have each student prepare a list of the community programs and agencies they found, how they found them, and the services they offer. Planning 10 -8- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Recommended Learning Resources: CHOICES for Positive Youth Relationships Focus on Harassment and Intimidation Lifechoices: Relationships Selected Web Sites: SafeKidsBC (Ministry of Children and Family Development) http://www.safekidsbc.ca/ Planning 10 -9- CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Healthy Relationships (2) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse factors contributing to a safe and caring school (e.g., respect for diversity, prevention of harassment and intimidation) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: identify and describe characteristics of a safe and caring school (e.g., free of harassment and intimidation, respectful, where all feel welcome and accepted, where all feel free to learn and to speak openly) critique individual and school strategies for preventing and responding to harassment, intimidation, bullying, and discrimination propose appropriate individual and school strategies that promote respect for diversity (e.g., diversity of race, culture, gender, sexual orientation, age, socio-economics, mental or physical ability) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Worksheet, presentation Provide students with a worksheet on which to answer the following questions: Do you think students feel safe from harassment, intimidation, and discrimination in this school? Why or why not? Do you think this school is a safe and caring place? Why or why not? How could individual students contribute to making this school feel safer and more caring? What are some possible school initiatives to improve the school’s safety? Have students work in groups to discuss their responses to the questionnaire. Debrief as a class, focussing on strategies for improving school safety. In their groups or as a whole class, students should use the information from these discussions and conduct additional research as necessary to undertake a school-wide safe schools project (e.g., “diversity day,” web site, newspaper, poster contest, advertising campaign against Internet bullying). Group or class safe schools project can be teacher, peer, and self-assessed in terms of the extent to which they: identify a school safety issue or problem critique existing strategies for school safety, as applicable include a range of strategies that may address the problem. Planning 10 - 10 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Case study Provide students with case studies depicting examples of harassment or discrimination (e.g., racism, sexism, sexual harassment, homophobia/heterosexism). Alternatively, have students identify scenarios from media or from their own experiences (submitted anonymously). Scenarios should represent a range of school, workplace, and community situations. Have students work in groups to write a better ending for their assigned scenarios. SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Have students present their positive endings for a provided scenario. Use questions such as the following to assess students’ understanding of the underlying issues: Why do you think the people were treated this way? How do you think the victims felt? What makes the ending you have written better than the one in the first scenario? What are the benefits of a school that is respectful of diversity? What can we do to make our school more accepting and respectful of diversity? The criteria outlined in BC Performance Standards: Social Responsibility—Grades 8-10 can be used to assess students in relation to: contributing to the classroom and school community (Section 1) solving problems in peaceful ways (Section 2) valuing diversity and defending human rights (Section 3). BC Performance Standards are available online at http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/perf_stands/ Recommended Learning Resources: Focus on Harassment and Intimidation In Other Words One of Them Racism 4 Reel: Media For Change Selected Web Sites: BC Safe, Caring and Orderly Schools http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/sco Diversity in BC Schools http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/diversity/diversity_framework.pdf BC Anti-Racism and Multiculturalism Program (Ministry of Community, Aboriginal and Women’s Services) http://www.welcomebc.ca/en/service_providers/bcamp.html GALE—Gay and Lesbian Educators http://www.galebc.org/main.htm Safe, Caring & Orderly Schools (Ministry of Education) http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/sco/ Planning 10 - 11 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Decisions (1) Although some specific topics are explicitly addressed in the learning outcomes (sexual decision making, HIV/AIDS, substance misuse, and road safety), the instructional and assessment activities in this suborganizer allow for exploration of a wide range of health decisions. Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: evaluate the potential effects of an individual’s health-related decisions on self, family, and community Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: create a list of health issues facing adolescents (e.g., nutritional choices, sports safety, substance misuse, self-esteem, depression, suicide, body image, sexual decision-making, sexually transmitted infections, workplace health and safety, air and water quality, Internet safety) research and assess the potential effects of a range of health-related decisions on self and others, including: positive and negative effects immediate and long-term effects (e.g., physical, social, emotional, financial) describe practices that can assist individuals in attaining and maintaining short-term and long-term personal health (e.g., stress management, appropriate nutritional choices, regular physical activity, adequate rest, taking opportunities for enjoyment and personal growth, abstaining from harmful substances, regular medical and dental visits) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Case study Provide students with case studies or recent news stories that demonstrate current health and safety issues with both positive and negative implications (for example, but not limited to, issues such as body image, mental health, workplace health and safety, nutritional choices, environmental health, sports safety, Internet safety). Discuss one scenario as a class, using a decision-making tree or chart to identify the effects of the decision on self, family, peers, and community—now, 6 months from now, 5 years from now, and so on. Divide the class into groups. Ask them to choose a new scenario and apply the decision-making model to their scenario. Have them present their scenarios and their decisions to the class. Allow time for discussion and questions. Help students understand that the decisions they make often have consequences that reach far beyond their own lives. Guest speaker As an extension activity, bring in guest speakers from the community to talk about the societal impacts of various health-related decisions. Have each group present its decision-making model for a health case study. Ask the remaining groups to conduct a peer group assessment based on criteria such as those outlined in the sample assessment instrument (Health Decisions) provided at the end of this unit. This same assessment instrument can also be used for each group to assess its own work. extension activity—no corresponding assessment Planning 10 - 12 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Brainstorm, discussion Have students brainstorm a list of recreational activities or situations that can involve high degrees of risk (e.g., contact sports, mountain climbing, in-line skating, skiing, boating). Divide the class into small groups to discuss: steps that should be taken to prevent possible injury to self and others for each of these activities or situations the possible consequences to self, others, and society at large if individuals fail to act responsibly and in ways that help prevent injury. Ask students to identify ways to reduce the risk factors in each situation. Discuss their responses as a class, focussing on strategies such as: knowing your abilities knowing your physical and social environment getting proper training using appropriate safety equipment and following safety guidelines. Personal contract Ask students to write a personal pledge or contract that outlines their commitment to being personally responsible for their own health. Students’ contracts should also identify strategies for enhancing short-term and longterm health. After analysing a variety of recreational activities for their potential risks and ways to avoid those risks, ask students to use their learning logs or write a paragraph to reflect on their own strategies for and attitudes toward risk. Guided questions could include: Why do young people sometimes put themselves at risk? What are three things young people can do to reduce risks and avoid injury? What risk-reduction strategies would work well for me? Collect students’ health contracts or pledges. Look for evidence that their contracts include: personal strategies for enhancing short-term and long-term health consideration of effects on self, family, peers, and the community awareness of the physical, mental, and financial implications of poor health. Encourage students to share their contracts with their families or mentors. Recommended Learning Resources: Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Lifechoices: Relationships Selected Web Sites: Injury Free Zone (BC Injury Prevention Centre) http://www.injuryfreezone.com/ Planning 10 - 13 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Decisions (2) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse practices that promote healthy sexual decision making (e.g., recognizing influences, accessing accurate information, applying informed decision-making skills) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: identify the factors that should be considered prior to making informed decisions about their readiness to engage in sexual activity at some point in their future (e.g., personal and family values, emotional readiness, recognizing peer and social pressures to engage in sexual activity, level of commitment and trust in relationship, access to accurate information and support for various sexual health issues such as pregnancy prevention, prevention of sexually transmitted infections, or sexual orientation) assess the potential impact of an unplanned pregnancy (e.g., impact on education and career plans, schooling, income, job opportunities, relationships) identify practices that reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy (e.g., abstaining from sexual activity, using safer sex practices such as proper use of contraceptives) accurately identify practices that reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (e.g., abstaining from sexual activity, using safer sex practices such as proper use of barrier methods during sexual activity) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Freewriting, class and group discussion In an individual freewriting exercise, have students write about what they associate with the phrase “sexual responsibility.” In small groups or as a class, discuss factors to consider before becoming sexually involved. Discuss reasons why people have difficulty talking with others about sexual feelings and involvement. Emphasize that this is an important and difficult decision for anyone to make. Highlight honest and respectful communication as an essential requirement for building and maintaining healthy relationships. introductory activity—no corresponding assessment Planning 10 - 14 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Communication strategies Have students work in pairs or small groups to propose strategies (and dialogue) for communicating in situations such as: saying no to sexual involvement discussing whether or not to become sexually active talking about using condoms discussing with a friend or parent concerns about possibly having an STI or facing an unexpected pregnancy informing a partner about an STI diagnosis. Encourage students to consider how these strategies might be different depending on the person with whom they’re communicating (e.g., platonic friend, romantic partner, health care professional, parent). Gallery walk Post four sheets of chart paper around the classroom with the headings “Family,” “Friends,” “Media,” and “Other (e.g., school, religious institutions, health clinics).” Have students conduct a gallery walk: In four groups, with one group at each sheet of paper, have them list the messages and values they receive from that source related to sex and sexual decision making. After a few minutes, have them move to the next sheet to build on the previous group’s lists. After each group has had a turn at each category, discuss the results as a class. Are there conflicting messages? Which messages are the strongest for adolescents? Collect students’ strategies for communicating about sexual decision making. Look for evidence that their responses take into account: personal and family values emotional readiness the person with whom they are communicating level of commitment and trust in relationship potential impact of unplanned pregnancy potential impact of contracting sexually transmitted infections. Ask students to select one of the sources of messages about sexual decision making, and to write a letter or advertisement aimed at the chosen source. They may choose to focus their response on either agreeing with or countering the given message. Planning 10 - 15 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Question and answer letters Create a series of “Dear Dr. Expert” letters— asking about a range of sexual decision making issues. Alternatively, ask students to create these letters and submit them anonymously. Scenarios for the letters could include: I love my partner but I’m not comfortable with his/her public displays of affection. I know I need to talk to my partner about sexual decisions, but I don’t know how to start. I’m uncomfortable about talking with my family members about sex. How do I know when I’m ready to have sex? I don’t want to become sexually active yet, but I’m really afraid of losing my girlfriend/boyfriend. It seems like everyone else is “doing it,” so maybe we should too. I’m too embarrassed to buy condoms. I’m on the pill—will that protect me from getting an STI? Divide the class into groups, and distribute one letter to each group. Ask them to create a response to the letter, conducting research as necessary. Recommended Learning Resources: Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Lifechoices: Relationships Teen Sex: Reality Strikes Back Selected Web Sites: Reproductive Health (Canada Health Portal) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/sex/index-eng.php Criteria for assessing students’ letter responses will vary according to the topic of the letter, but could include: reference to personal and family values personal freedom to make the decision on own communication and relationship skills (e.g., “I” messages, assertiveness, appropriate use of humour, mutual respect) accurate information about pregnancy prevention accurate information about prevention of sexually transmitted infections local sources of information and support. Sexuality Education Gateway http://www.safehealthyschools.org/sexualityeducation/gateway.htm Planning 10 - 16 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Decisions (3) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse practices associated with the prevention of HIV/AIDS Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: accurately list behaviours that contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS (e.g., unprotected sexual activity, using unclean needles, tattooing/body piercing with unclean needles, exposure to infected blood products) accurately identify practices that reduce the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., abstaining from sexual activity, using safer sex practices such as proper use of condoms, testing for HIV) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Class discussion Discuss with students why it is important to learn about HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Clarify any misconceptions students may have (e.g., about the seriousness of HIV/AIDS, transmission, risk factors). Question and answer panel Create a series of frequently asked questions about HIV/AIDS (e.g., generated from class discussions, from school question box) along with their answers. Select a few students to serve on a panel of experts and provide these students with the questions and answers. Hand out only the questions to the remaining students in the class. With a student acting as panel host, conduct a question-and-answer session. introductory activity—no corresponding assessment After the panel question-and-answer session, assess students’ understanding of the practices associated with the prevention of HIV/AIDS by having them use their journals to respond to prompts such as: HIV can be spread in the following ways: _____. HIV can not be spread by _____. The following behaviours(s) can put individuals at higher risk for contacting HIV: _____. The following choices can be made to prevent getting HIV/AIDS: _____. Recommended Learning Resources: Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Teen Sex: Reality Strikes Back Selected Web Sites: AIDS (Health Canada) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dc-ma/aids-sida/index-eng.php HIV/AIDS (BC Health Files) http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/hfile08m.stm Planning 10 - 17 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Decisions (4) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse strategies for preventing substance misuse (e.g., recognizing influences, accessing accurate information, applying informed decision-making skills) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: investigate and discuss a variety of ways in which misuse of substances including alcohol, tobacco, or drugs can affect immediate and long-term opportunities (e.g., effects on future choices, increased risk taking, short-term and long-term health implications) analyse the influence of family, peers, and media on decision-making related to substance misuse propose personal strategies for preventing substance misuse (e.g., avoid high-risk situations, develop a plan for responding to pressures, be aware of the interactions between substances, understand the effects of substances on decision-making) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Web/cluster Have students use webbing or clustering to illustrate various factors that might influence someone’s decisions regarding the use of substances such as nicotine, alcohol, or illegal drugs. Encourage them to consider a variety of influences (e.g., peers, media, family) that may encourage or discourage substance misuse as well as influences that discourage them. Concept diagram Model the concept of “ripple effect” with students. Draw several concentric circles on the board. Have students suggest a decision point related to substance misuse (e.g., a person smokes marijuana and drives home) and record this inside the middle circle. Ask students to suggest all of the people who might be influenced by that decision, and how; record this information in the outer circles. Ask students to create their own ripple effect diagrams, based on a substance misuse decision of their choice. introductory activity—no corresponding assessment Collect students’ “ripple effect” diagrams based on a decision related to a substance misuse issue. Assess the diagrams based on the extent to which students identify a range of people affected by the decision and describe a realistic impact on each person affected. Planning 10 - 18 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Research project Provide an overview of a variety of issues related to the effects of substance misuse (e.g., alcohol or drug addiction, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, altered decision making, short-term and long-term health effects). Assign students an individual research project based on one or more substance misuse issues. Their research should include a definition of the issue, cause and effects, and implications for individuals, families, and society (physically, socially, financially). Students’ should present their research as an oral or written report. Tableau Have students work in small groups to create a tableau (frozen picture using their bodies) representing a strategy to prevent substance misuse. For example, their tableau could depict refusal of alcohol, avoidance skills, or participating in alternative substance-free activities. Discuss each group’s tableau as a class in terms of how effective the strategies are for substance misuse prevention. SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Ask students to present their reports on their selected substance misuse issue. If students chose to complete an oral report, have them also hand in a bibliography of their sources. Use criteria such as those outlined in the sample assessment instrument (Substance Misuse Research) provided at the end of this unit to assess students’ work. After students have worked in groups to create tableaux representing substance avoidance strategies, debrief with the class, discussing each strategy represented. Brainstorm additional strategies if necessary. Ask students to address the topic in their journals (e.g., “I think the most effective strategies for me to use to avoid substance misuse are _____ because _____”). Assess the journal responses based on students’ abilities to identify and describe personally relevant and appropriate strategies for avoiding substance misuse. Recommended Learning Resources: bc.tobaccofacts: A Tobacco Prevention Resource for Teachers Exploring the Issues: Teens—Alcohol and Other Drugs Lifechoices: Healthy and Well Selected Web Sites: Canada’s Drug Strategy (Health Canada) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/branch-dirgen/hecs-dgsesc/dscsp-psasc/index-eng.php Tobacco - Youth Zone http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/youth-jeunes/index-eng.php Ministry of Health Services—Addictions http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/mhd/resources.html#Addictions Tobacco Facts (Ministry of Health Services) http://www.tobaccofacts.org/index.html Planning 10 - 19 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 Health Decisions (5) Prescribed Learning Outcome It is expected that students will: analyse individual and societal practices associated with road-related risk reduction and injury prevention (e.g., obeying speed limits, wearing seatbelts, driver education) Suggested Achievement Indicators The following set of indicators may be used to assess student achievement for the prescribed learning outcome above. Students who have fully met the prescribed learning outcome are able to: list a range of road-related risks (e.g., speeding, drinking and driving, aggressive driving, inappropriate passenger behaviour, unsafe cyclist and pedestrian behaviour, road racing) describe a variety of societal practices that can be effective in reducing road-related risk (e.g., driver education programs, advertising campaigns, speed limits, traffic cameras) propose strategies to minimize risk to self and others in road-related situations (e.g., don’t be in the vehicle with an impaired driver; wear seat belts; obey speed limits; avoid distractions while driving, such as loud music, cell phones, eating) SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Guest speaker Ask students to identify various problems related to road safety in their community (e.g., speed, drinking, aggressive driving, distracting passenger behaviour, road racing). Invite a guest speaker to come to the class to deliver a presentation and answer students’ questions about these road safety issues. Guest speakers could include: a police officer to talk about the unsafe driving behaviours she or he has witnessed (e.g., road rage, street racing), and the potential effects of those behaviours a paramedic or emergency room doctor or nurse to talk about injuries sustained in traffic accidents someone who has been injured in a traffic accident to talk about the effect it has had on his or her life an ICBC representative to talk about the costs of unsafe driving a grade 12 student in the school RoadSense group to talk about strategies for reducing road risks. introductory activity—no corresponding assessment Planning 10 - 20 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Presentation In small groups, have students prepare a presentation addressing selected road safety issues. They can choose to do a dramatic presentation, give a public service announcement, hold a debate, create a web site, or other representation. SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES Have each group present its road safety issue and strategies for addressing the issue. Ask the remaining groups to conduct a peer group assessment based on the extent to which the presenting group addressed the following: a relevant road safety problem various contributing factors negative consequences of irresponsible behaviour for self, family, and others strategies that may address the problem. Recommended Learning Resources: The RoadSense Package 10-12 Selected Web Sites: Geared 2 Youth (ICBC) http://www.icbc.com/youth/ Planning 10 - 21 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 HEALTH DECISIONS Health decision: Presenting group members: Assessed by: Peer Assessment Group Self-Assessment 1=not yet meeting expectations, 2=approaching expectations, 3=fully meets expectations issue is clearly identified decision is clear and logical presentation includes potential positive and negative effects of the decision presentation includes potential immediate and long-term effects of the decision presentation identifies potential effects on self, family, peers, and community presentation identifies potential physical, social, mental, and financial effects presentation was engaging and dynamic group members worked effectively together all group members contributed to the group project Planning 10 - 22 - CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT MODEL UNIT 3 SUBSTANCE MISUSE RESEARCH Name: ______________________________________________ Date: ____________________ Substance misuse issue or topic: _________________________________________________ 1=not yet meeting expectations, 2=approaching expectations, 3=fully meets expectations SelfAssessment substance misuse issue is clearly defined contributing factors and influences are outlined clearly and in detail report identifies implications for individuals who are affected by this substance misuse issue report identifies implications for families of individuals who are affected by this substance misuse issue report identifies implications for society of this substance misuse issue sources are thoroughly and accurately referenced report presentation is effective and well-organized The most important thing(s) I learned about this substance misuse issue: Teacher comments: Planning 10 - 23 - Teacher Assessment