Online Assignment (Unit 4, Book 5)
Reading Passage 1
The Most Important Day
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one which my teacher, Anne
Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am with wonder when I consider the immeasurable
contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March 1887, three
months before I was seven years old.
On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I
guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and from in the
house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited
on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the
porch and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the
familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern
spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and
bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had
succeeded this passionate struggle.
Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white
darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the
shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for
something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was
without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor
was. “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love
shone on me in that very hour.
I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.
Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come
to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else to love me.
The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The
little blind children at the Perkens Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgmen had
dressed it; but I did not know this until afterward. When I had played with it a little
while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand to the word “d-o-l-l:. I was at once
interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in
making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running
downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not
know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my
fingers go in monkeylike imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this
uncomprehending way a great many words, among them PIN, HAT, CUP and a few
verbs like SIT, STAND and WALK. But my teacher had been with me several weeks
before I understood that everything has a name.
One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan put by big rag doll into
my lap also, spelled “d-o-l-l” and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l” applied
to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words “m-u-g” and “w-a-t-e-r”.
Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that “m-u-g” is MUG and that
“w-a-t-e-r” is WATER, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair she had
dropped the subject for the time, only to renew it at the first opportunity. I became
impatient at her repeated attempts and, seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the floor.
I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither
sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still,
dark world in which I lived there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. I felt my
teacher sweep the fragments to one side of the hearth, and I had a sense of satisfaction
that the cause of my discomfort was removed. She brought me my hat, and I knew I
was going out into the warm sunshine. This thought, if a wordless sensation may be
called a thought, made me hop and skip with pleasure.
We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the
honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacher
placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled
into the other the word WATER, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole
attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness
as of something forgotten – a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of
language was revealed to me. I knew then that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool
something that was flowing over my hand. The living word awakened my soul, give it
light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in
time be swept away.
I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth
to a new thought. As we returned to the house every object which I touched seemed to
quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that
had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my
way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then
my eyes were filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I
felt repentance and sorrow.
I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were; but
I do know that MOTHER, FATHER, SISTER, TEACHER were among them – words
that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.” It
would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the
close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first
time longed for a new day to come.
Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I
guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and from in the
house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited
on the steps.
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2. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms
which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the
future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me
continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.
Reading Passage 2
The Battle Over Bilingual Education
Bilingual-education programs have existed in the US since the late 18th century, where
European immigrant children were instructed in their native languages. Ohio adopted
bilingual-education legislation in 1839, and Louisiana followed suit eight years later;
by the mid 19th century, classes in various states were being conducted in such
languages as German, French, Dutch, Swedish, and Greek. During World War I,
German-language schools were dissolved amidst questions of loyalty, and popular
assimilationist rhetoric quickly led to the disappearance of other remaining
bilingual-education programs.
As the civil-rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s, Latino activists called
for legislation to address the educational needs of Spanish-speaking children. In
January 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Bilingual Education Act,
which incorporated native-language instruction into the curriculum. 8 years later, in a
lawsuit charging that such instruction had not been implemented into schools, the
Supreme Court ruled for Kenny Lau, an 8-year-old Chinese American from San
Francisco who was granted equal protection under the law because, as his case
presented, his unfamiliarity with the English language denied him an adequate
education. This ruling spawned federal regulations and state laws that compelled
public school systems to establish transitional bilingual-education programs. The
specific rules varied from state to state, but generally, where there were a certain
number of students from one language group at a particular grade level, school
districts were require3d to provide native-language instruction.
Since the Lau ruling the issue of bilingual education has been fiercely disputed.
Advocates of bilingual education believe their method develops native-language
literacy skills that facilitate students’ eventual switch to English while at the same
time allowing them to keep up with the standard curriculum. Opponents argue that
bilingual education segregates non-English-speaking students and impedes their
English-language acquisition, ultimately limiting their opportunities for success.
In Nov. 1983, James Fallows evaluated the bilingual-education question in
“Immigration: How It’s Affecting US”. Debate over bilingual education is
“inflammatory”, Fallows decided, because the points of contention are both
ideological and methodological, as people are drawn to the issue “for political as well
as educational reasons.” For many proponents of the program in Texas and the
Southwest, bilingual education symbolizes a historic claim for Spanish, and for some
activists, it represents Latino “cultural pride and political power.” In Fallows’s view,
however, the emphasis on ideological questions surrounding bilingual education is
counterproductive.
14 years after fallows’s article, and a month before California became the first state to
approve English immersion over bilingual education, Rosalie Pedalino Porter, the
director of the Institute for Research in English Acquisition and Development, wrote
“The Case against Bilingual education”, in which she declared that “bilingual
education has had a sufficient trial period to be pronounced a failure.” Porter called
bilingual education “the most controversial arena in public education,” and though she
acknowledged its benefits – an increased involvement of immigrant parents in
educational issues and a greater general understanding of and respect for
non-English-speaking children and their families – she worried that it did more harm
than good.
There is still no official language policy at the national level, but 22 states have
passed some form of English-only legislation during the two decades that the Official
English movement has existed. The federal No Child Left Behind Act, however,
seemed to signal a change in policy by prioritizing English-language acquisition
programs over bilingual education. As this law is interpreted by courts and
implemented by schools – and as language education measures continue to appear on
our ballot – debate over the methodology and ideology of bilingual education will
undoubtedly persist.
1. Bilingual education disappeared during the First World War because
A. there were questions of how the German teachers should be paid
B. German-language schools were required to answer many questions of loyalty
C. there were lots of talks about the need to turn immigrant into Americans
D. there was a reading difficulty among the people
2. In 1976, an important event in the history of bilingual education occurred when
A. the Supreme Court ruled that Kenny Lau have the equal right to be instructed in
English
B. the 8-year-old Chinese American Kenny Lau was charged in Supreme Court
C. the Supreme Court protected Kenny Lau against the unfamiliarity with English
D. The Supreme Court’s ruling granted Kenny Lau the right to be instructed in his
native language
3. Advocates of bilingual education hold that
A. skills in the native language will be useful in acquiring English
B. the immigrants need their native language to follow the standard curriculum
C. the immigrants can better develop literacy skills through native language
D. native language will provide the immigrants with a switch to English
4. Mr. Fallow believed that
A. bilingual education was really a political and ideological problem
B. to take bilingual education as an ideological problem was not a good approach
C. in Texas and the Southwest there was a historical claim for Spanish in bilingual
education
D. ideological reasons for bilingual education were more important than
educational reasons
5. The No Child Left Behind Act
A. leaves open the option between bilingual education and English only education
B. gives priority to bilingual education
C. is seen as a move towards English only education
D. requires that courts interpret this law into English
Listening 1
Match the teachers with the following statements about writing abstracts.
Dr. Wray, Pro. Martin, Pro. Smith, Dr. Klemper
1. An abstract should describe the contents of each section.
2. An abstract should immediately attract the attention of the reader.
3. An abstract should be of the same written standard as the dissertation.
4. An abstract should describe the methods used in the research.
5. An abstract should not describe all results or no-one will read the dissertation.
6. An abstract should state the main points clearly and concisely.
Listening 2
Decide whether the following statements are T or F according to what you have
heard.
1. Many students are working hard at school now.
2. The program is called “Job Shadow” because the participating students are
shadows.
3. At the workplace, the students mustn’t ask their mentor any questions.
4. In General Powell’s opinion, it is important to learn standard English.
5. The “Job Shadow” program began three years ago.