Using your text.
A. Read pages 90-91 “Matter and Atoms”.
Draw a helium atom and a carbon atom below. Identify the protons, neutrons and electrons for each.
B. Read page 93 and draw a water molecule. Identify the atoms, protons, neutrons and electrons.
C. Read page 94 and draw the ionic bond for Sodium and Chlorine. Identify the atoms, protons and electrons. What is the charge on the sodium? _________
Why? _____________________________________
D. Read page 95.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
____________________________________________________________
Circle the mixtures seawater blood gold water air quartz steel magma
E. Use section 5.2
(p. 96-102)
1. Fill in the web using page 96:
All minerals…

2. (p. 97) Complete the statements:
Many minerals form out of ______________ rock or magma.
Many kinds of minerals form out of a _________________________________
The types of minerals formed depend on the types of __________________ in the magma.
Some types of minerals form as ______________ containing _____________ ______ slowly evaporates.
3. (p. 98) Define ‘crystal’ _________________________________________
__________________________________________________
How many different types of minerals are there? ______________
How many common mineral shapes? _____________
4. (p. 99) Describe and contrast two of the crystal systems:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. (p. 100) What are silicates? ________________________________________ What percent of minerals in earth’s crust are silicates? ____________
Sketch the silicate tetrahedron and label the atoms:
6. (p. 100 bottom) Define ‘cleavage’ in minerals: ______________________________
________________________________________________________________
(p 101) The ____________________ of a mineral depends on the _________________ or atoms, ion and molecules.
Explain why diamonds are so strong and graphite is not:
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
What is density? ___________________________________ What is the density of diamond?
_________________________
F. Use section 5.3 (p. 104-105) to answer the following:
1.
What problem might we find if we try to use color to identify all minerals?
_____________________________________________________________________

2.
What is meant by luster? __________________________________________________
3.
What is the luster of aluminum foil? ________________________
4.
What 3 types of luster are shiny, but not metallic? ________________________________
5.
What tests allows us to observe the color of the powder of a metallic mineral? _________
6.
What types of minerals usually create a dark or yellow streak? ______________
7.
Minerals that leave a white streak are usually _______________
8.
Why do some minerals cleave only in certain directions? ___________________
______________________________________________________
9.
What pattern of cleavage does mica show? _____________________________
10.
Quartz can grow pretty crystals, but it fractures when it breaks. What does that mean?
__________________________________________________________________
Use p. 106-107 to answer the following:
11.
The hardness of a mineral is its _____________________________________________
12.
The softest minerals on Mohs scale is _______________ with a hardness of _______
13.
The hardness of a fingernail (without tough nail polish ) is ____________, meaning you can scratch ________________ and __________________ with your fingernail.
14.
If you can’t scratch something with your fingernail, you should use a ________________.
Calcite cannot be scratched by your finger, but it can be by a penny.
15.
Name 2 minerals that can scratch quartz: ___________________________________
16.
Why is glass brittle, and yet hard? ___________________________________________
17.
Specific gravity compares the density of a mineral to the density of __________________
18.
If a mineral has a high specific gravity, it will feel heavy or light ?(circle one) and is probably a nonmetallic or metallic mineral?
19.
Caclite is found in what 2 rocks? ______________________________________
20.
What makes calcite really easy to identify? _______________________________
21.
What does it mean to fluoresce? _____________________________________
22.
What makes the following easy to identify: a.
Magnetite _____________________________ b.
Halite _______________________________ c.
willemite ________________________________

G. Section 5.4
“mineral groups” gives us information about the most common types of minerals we would find in the rocks of the earth’s crust. Complete the 3 columns below using pages 109-
111 to help you.
Silicates Carbonates Oxides and sulfides
How common? _________ of crust
Made of ____________ and __________ and
Made of negatively charged
_____________ with positive
___________
Most common and hardest is _____________ 2 common carbonates are
Feldspars make up _________ of crust and
___________ ions.
_______________ and have a __________ luster.
2 major groups of feldspars are
_________________ and
________________
Kaolinite is white and used in
____________________
_____________________
Calcite formula is
_________________ and it will ___________ with acid.
Iron is important in
________________________ and in hematitie the iron is combined with ______________, while magnetite has ____________ with iron and pyrite has
_______________ and iron.
H. After the lab
1.Having completed the identification procedure, please indicate which of the tests seemed to help you identify the minerals the best: (circle)
Streak specific gravity hardness luster color other test
2. Some of the minerals are metallic and some are nonmetallic. On the venn diagram indicate the characteristics they seemed to share and those they did not. Include the types of atoms in their chemical compounds as part of this. metallic nonmetallic