Name _________________________________
Date ______________________ Pd ________
Latin American Revolutions (1800-1830)
I. Reasons for Revolutions in Latin America
A. From 1500 to 1800, Latin America was _______________________ by Europe, especially __________________
1. European nations used _________________________ to gain wealth from their American colonies
2. _______________________ missionaries from Spain & France converted Indians
B. One major impact of European colonization was the _______________ social hierarchy in Latin America
1. ________________________________________________ were at the top of society
a. ____________________________ were ___________________________________________________ sent by the king to
enforce mercantilism & maintain order in the colony
b. Spanish ______________ living in America were called ____________; They had land & wealth but had no political _________
2. The lack of European ________________ in America led to intermarriage & a large ___________________ population that made
up the next level of the social hierarchy
a. _____________________ were the offspring of Europeans & ____________________
b. _____________________ were the offspring of Europeans & ____________________
3. _________________________ & African ________________ made up the bottom of the social hierarchy
a. Indians & slaves were used as ___________________ for creoles plantations
C. From 1800 to 1830, Latin American colonies began declaring ____________________________________ from European nations &
establishing ________________________ throughout the Americas
1. By the late 1700s, Latin Americans were inspired to gain independence because of the success of the _____________________ &
_________________ Revolutions
2. The ideas of the Enlightenment inspired independence especially among the well-educated _________________________ class
II. Independence in Latin America
A. Haiti
1. ____________ was the first Latin American colony to free itself from European rule
a. Haiti was a ___________________ colony with 500,000 African __________________ working on sugar & coffee plantations
b. Plantation owners used _______________ methods to control slaves
2. In 1791, Haitian slaves rose in revolt; _______________________________________________________ became the leader of
the slave uprising & helped _______________________________________________________ by 1801
3. From 1802 to 1804, Haitians _____________ for their independence against Napoleon’s French army
4. In ___________, France granted Haiti its independence & created a __________________
B. South America
1. Throughout the Spanish colonies in _______________________________________, the ____________________ had wealth &
education but could not participate in government
a. Creoles embraced Enlightenment ideas like ___________________________________ & consent of the governed
b. In 1810, the demand by creoles for _____________________________________ led to revolutions throughout South America
2. South American nations gained their independence because of the leadership of two creole _____________________
a. Simon Bolivar
i. From 1811 to 1824, Venezuelan creole _________________________________ led an army of revolutionaries against Spain
ii. Bolivar helped create new nations of ______________________________, Peru, Bolivia
b. San Martín
i. Argentinean creole __________________________ led the independence movement in southern South America
ii. San Martín helped create new nations of Argentina, _______________ & ________________
C. Mexico
1. Unlike the South America creoles, in Mexico the __________________ & _________________ played the leading role
2. Miguel Hidalgo
a. In 1810, a poor but well educated Catholic ____________ named __________________________________________ used
Enlightenment ideals to call for a revolution against Spain
b. Hidalgo led an army of 80,000 Indian & mestizos ________________________ against the Spanish military & ______________
who feared losing their wealth
3. During the rebellion, Hidalgo was __________ but Mexicans found new leaders to continue the fight another 10 years
4. The turning point in the war came in 1820 when the _____________ switched sides & joined the revolt against Spain
5. In 1821, Spain granted ___________________ its independence & a _____________________ was formed
III. Latin America After Independence
A. Throughout Latin America, new ___________________________________________ were created
B. But, Latin Americans did not have a history of ___________________________ & many of the new gov’ts were unstable
1. In many nations, military _______________ called ________________ seized power & made few reforms for citizens
2. Latin America became dependent on the ______________
Age of Revolutions: English, French, American, & Latin American Revolutions
Directions: Use your notes or textbook (pgs 706-711) and notes to complete the chart below and answer the questions that follow
Causes of the
Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
Used in the Revolution
Key Players in the
Revolution
Effects of the
Revolution
 Parliament vs King
English Civil War &
Glorious Revolution
(1689)
 William and Mary
 John Locke (natural
rights, consent in
governed)
American
Revolution
(1776)
 Montesquieu (separation
of powers)
 Rousseau (democracy
and majority rules)
 Overthrow of the king
 Creation of a democratic
republic
French Revolution
(1789)
Latin America
(1800-1830)
 Ineffective gov’t leads to
rise of Napoleon
 Unequal social structure
(creoles, peninsulars,
Indians, slaves)
 Inspiration from French
& American Revolutions
1. What common causes do you see in among the four revolutions?
2. What ideas of the Enlightenment are most frequently used to justify revolution?
3. Which revolution do you think was most successful? (Politically, economically, socially) Be sure to explain why.