Be able to define DNA, gene, chromosome and chromatin.
Be able to define mitosis and explain the purpose of mitosis.
Be able to explain the cell cycle and identify when chromosomes are duplicated during the cell cycle.
Be able to define (sister) chromatid and understand that sister chromatids are the result of DNA replication during interphase. It is important to understand that sister chromatids are identical copies and that they are only present in cells while they undergo cell division.
You will be given the order of the phases of mitosis, but you should know what events are occurring in each of these phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase/cytokinesis.
Be able to compare and contrast cytokinesis in plant cells versus in animal cells.
Be able to define the following terms: spindle and centromere.
Be able to define asexual reproduction. Know the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
Be able to define cell differentiation, stem cell and totipotent.
Be able to explain that cancer results from uncontrolled (mitotic) division of cells.
Be able to define the following terms: cancer, tumor, benign, malignant, metastasis.
Be able to define meiosis and explain the purpose of meiosis. Be able to define sexual reproduction, gamete, sperm, egg, and zygote.
Be able to define homologous chromosomes. Understand that what makes a cell diploid is that it has homologous pairs of chromosomes. It is important to understand that homologous chromosomes are the same length and have the same type of genes but are NOT identical (one came from each parent).
Be able to define haploid and diploid and explain which cell types are haploid and which are diploid.
Be able to calculate the number of chromosomes in body cells if given the number of chromosomes in a sperm or egg cell (or vice versa). Know that where n represents the haploid number of chromosomes, the diploid number is 2n.
Be able to explain that two cell divisions occur in meiosis. Be able to explain that
Meiosis I results in the division of homologous pairs. Be able to explain that Meiosis II results in the division of sister chromatids.

Be able to compare and contrast mitosis with meiosis.
Be able to explain the importance of genetic variation in a population.
Be able to explain that the two ways that meiosis creates genetic variation are independent assortment and crossing over. Be able to define independent assortment and understand that creates genetic recombination of genes on different chromosomes.
Be able to define crossing over and understand that it creates genetic recombination of genes on the same chromosome.
Be able to explain how meiosis to produce sperm (spermatogenesis) differs from meiosis to produce eggs (oogenesis).