01. Which one of the following events did NOT occur during the antebellum period? (A) The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment (B) The development of the cotton gin (C) The dispute over slavery in Missouri (D) The dispute over the tariff in South Carolina (E) The rise of the abolitionist movement. 02. Federal government regulation of the meat industry and the beginnings of the Great War (World War I) occurred during (A) the Gilded Age (B) the Progressive Era (C) the New Deal Era (D) the Fair Deal Era (E) the New Frontier/Great Society Era. 03. Which one of the following events occurred during the Gilded Age? (A) The end of the War of 1812 (B) The election of Andrew Jackson as president (C) The end of World War II (D) The election of Ulysses Grant as president (E) The end of slavery. 04. The most significant result of Nat Turner's rebellion was (A) the South's intensified commitment to slavery (B) Abraham Lincoln's decision to emancipate the slaves (C) the formation of the American Colonization Society (D) the emancipation of most of the slaves in Virginia (E) Turner's escape to Haiti and his freedom from slavery. 05. Which of the following individuals would favor the actions taken by the national government during the Whiskey Rebellion? (A) A backcountry farmer who supported the Articles of Confederation (B) A states' rights supporter who feared a strong central government (C) A Quaker who opposed the use of force (D) A supporter of law and order (E) An indentured servant who believed the system was biased against the poor. 06. The common element of Bacon's, Shays's, and the Whiskey Rebellion was that (A) all resulted in changes in the economic conditions that caused them (B) all occurred before the American Revolution (C) all were challenges to perceived unfairness by a distant government (D) all resulted in widespread changes in American society (E) all were promoted by foreign agents hoping to overthrow the government. 07. Which area of the British colonies maintained state-supported, religious practices similar to those found in the mother country? (A) Massachusetts and Connecticut (B) Virginia and Maryland (C) The frontiers of Georgia and South Carolina (D) Pennsylvania and New York (E) Delaware and New Jersey. 08. Which religious group faced the greatest persecution in the colonies? (A) Congregational Church (B) Presbyterian Church (C) Society of Friends (D) Anglican Church (E) Catholic Church. 09. Which of the following groups was characterized by beliefs in innate depravity, predestination, and intolerance of other religions? (A) Anglicans (B) Catholics (C) Quakers (D) Puritans (E) Presbyterians. 10. Between 1861 and 1889, a common element among the presidential administrations was that most presidents (A) were impeached (B) were from the Democratic Party (C) were from the Republican Party (D) had personal scandals in their administrations (E) added territory to the United States. 11. What common characteristic did the presidencies of Ulysses Grant, Warren Harding, and Richard Nixon have? (A) All had scandals during their administrations. (B) All were Democratic administrations. (C) All had wars begin during their administrations. (D) All were famous generals. (E) All were impeached, but not convicted. 12. What characteristic did the great presidents of the United States share? (A) Each survived a political scandal during his presidency. (B) Each won a foreign war during his presidency. (C) Each dealt with an economic depression during his presidency. (D) Each raised taxes to balance the budget during his presidency. (E) Each had a major legislative success during his presidency. 13. From 1764 to 1775, the principal British method of raising revenue in the colonies was to (A) tax the trade and commerce of the colonies (B) tax the income of individual colonists (C) permit colonial legislatures to raise money for their own needs (D) sell land in the west (E) tax the slave trade in the southern colonies. 14. What was the colonists' most common method of protesting British taxation policy from 1764 to 1773? (A) To complain but to pay the taxes (B) To offer Britain an alternative means of raising revenue (C) To refuse to import or use British products/goods (D) To deal with Britain on a colony-by-colony basis (E) To form an army to resist the taxes. 15. The most common British reaction to colonial resistance from 1764 to 1773 was to pass a tax or take an action, experience colonial resistance, and then (A) strongly confront the colonials (B) back away from the tax or action (C) appeal to the churches for help with enforcement (D) use foreign troops to overcome it (E) ignore it. 16. A primary reason for opposition to the National Banks was that these banks (A) failed to provide sound economic services to the country (B) contributed to foreign speculation in the American economy (C) promoted speculation and risk-taking in banking (D) supported and promoted the slave trade (E) were not authorized by the Constitution. 17. The person most likely to support the First National Bank would be someone who (A) farmed in the frontier regions of Tennessee (B) voted for Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1796 (C) lived in Philadelphia and was involved in commerce and trade (D) feared the rapid expansion of government power in the 1790s (E) supported the economic and political system of England. 18. The main argument for re-chartering the National Bank in 1816 was that (A) England had a national bank and America must remain competitive (B) the Bank would prevent falling land prices from hurting economic growth (C) the Constitution had been amended and Congress now had the power to create a Bank (D) the Bank could restore economic stability after the War of 1812 (E) McCulloch v. Maryland required that the Bank be re-chartered. 19. From 1790 to 1840 a liberal would have supported (A) the National Bank (B) limiting the power of governments (C) secession (D) a strong central government (E) expansion overseas. 20. A similarity between the conservatives of the 1790s and the liberals in the twentieth century was that both favored (A) government use of the spoils system (B) expanding the money supply by coining silver (C) an agrarian (farming) way of life (D) free trade by lowering the tariff (E) an active government involved in society. 22. Which pair of issues divided liberals and conservatives from 1865 to 1900? (A) Civil rights and the tariff issue (B) Expansion of slavery and the National Bank (C) Business regulation and road/canal construction (D) The money supply and business regulation (E) Presidential authority and America's role in the world. 23. From 1940 to 1985, conservatives consistently believed that (A) civil rights was a national priority (B) the role of the government in society should be limited (C) the New Deal should become a permanent part of American society (D) the Soviet Union was a trustworthy and dependable ally (E) the traditional role of women in society must change. 24. A liberal in the 1960s would have supported (A) a declaration of war against North Vietnam (B) Mississippi's right to handle its own racial problems (C) a federal law protecting park lands (D) the use of federal troops to curb civil rights protest marches (E) a law to prevent women from working outside the home. 25. A conservative during the 1980s would have supported a law that (A) raised income taxes by 20 percent (B) reduced the defense budget by 20 percent (C) increased research on alternative sources of energy (D) increased spending on job training for inner-city residents (E) reduced taxes for married people. 26. A farmer who opposed the creation of the National Bank in the 1790s would likely join the (A) Democratic Republican Party (B) Democratic Party (C) Free Soil Party (D) Whig Party (E) Federalist Party. 27. The Federalist Party, the Whig Party, and the Republican Party of the 1850s all supported (A) government assistance to end slavery (B) government assistance to business interests (C) strict construction of the Constitution (D) an expansionistic foreign policy (E) an end to the spoils system. 28. A businessman in the 1840s who sought government assistance in building a road through his state would support the policies of the (A) Democratic Republican Party (B) Federalist Party (C) Populist Party (D) Whig Party (E) Democratic Party. 29. The third party that provided the greatest influence on the progressive reformers of the early 20th century was the (A) American Independent Party (B) Liberty/Free Soil Party (C) Populist Party (D) States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) (E) American Party (Know Nothings). 30. Which of the following pairs of third parties represented an attempt to prevent changes in the racial policies of their times? (A) The States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) and the Populist Party (B) The Liberty/Free Soil Party and the Populist Party (C) The Progressive Party (Bull Moose) and the States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) (D) The American Independent Party and the States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) (E) The American Party (Know Nothings) and the American Independent Party. 31. A factory worker in the 1840s who hoped to become a farmer in the nonslave territories of the west would likely support the ideas of the (A) Populist Party (B) Progressive Party (Bull Moose) (C) States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) (D) American Party (Know Nothings) (E) Liberty/Free Soil Party. 32. The United States' neutrality (isolationism) during the two European wars meant that America would (A) maintain commercial ties with Europe, but would not join military alliances (B) assist France, because such help was in America's national interest (C) join the side most likely to win the war (D) cease all connections with Europe until the war was over (E) refuse to honor a long-time, official alliance with France. 33. The principal impact of the War of 1812 within the United States was the (A) quick uniting of the nation around the policies of President Madison (B) repudiation of the War Hawks in Congress (C) triumph of the Federalist Party in the election of 1812 (D) repeal of the Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act (E) division of the country along regional lines. 34. In declaring war in 1917, the United States hoped to (A) eliminate Germany as a commercial rival (B) promote democracy in Europe (C) make a permanent alliance with France and England (D) eliminate Mexico as a threat to America's security (E) stop England from interfering with America's neutrality. 35. The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in (A) a legislative branch just like the one created by the Articles of Confederation (B) agreement on representation and taxes that counted slaves as 3/5 of a person (C) a national government with a two-house legislative branch (D) a government that gave disproportionate power to the small states (E) an end of the slave trade in twenty years. 36. A common element in the Compromises of 1820 and 1850 was that both (A) dealt with land areas acquired by war (B) were followed by three decades of domestic peace (C) combined earlier proposals to end the domestic slave trade (D) acknowledged southern superiority on the slavery question (E) dealt with the extension of slavery into the territories. 37. The Compromise of 1877 marked the end of (A) northern military occupation of the South (B) deep resentments over the Civil War (C) Republican presidential dominance (D) sectional discord over race issues (E) the electoral-college system. 38. A significant impact of the Marshall Court decisions was to (A) expand the power of state governments at the expense of the national government (B) establish a confederation system of government where the states controlled the national political agenda (C) expand the powers of the national government at the expense of state governments' powers (D) promote economic conditions that benefited agrarian interests at the expense of mercantile interests (E) expand state and local governments' regulation of business and commerce. 39. From 1819 to 1824, the Marshall Court favored business development with rulings that (A) put regulations into the hands of business-friendly state governments (B) restrained the restrictive regulations of the federal government (C) lowered property and corporate taxes (D) strengthened the partnership between financial interests and the federal government (E) promoted monopolies and allowed businesses to eliminate competition. 40. The Marshall Court supported American nationalism from 1819 to 1824 by (A) eliminating the property requirement for voting (B) strengthening the central government's ability to direct and standardize economic policy (C) making American business competitive with other nations around the world (D) providing financial support for the "American System" of internal improvements (E) freeing the federal government from the restraints of the Constitution. 41. One consequence of the Monroe Doctrine was that (A) Russia decided to ally with the United States to keep other European nations out of South America (B) England and America clashed repeatedly over their foreign interests during the nineteenth century (C) the doctrine forced America into unwanted European alliances (D) Japan emerged as the greatest threat to the doctrine during the twentieth century (E) America became increasingly aggressive in enforcing the doctrine in the Western Hemisphere. 42. The United States believed its Open Door Policy was threatened when countries tried to (A) achieve exclusive trading rights in various regions of China (B) spread foreign ideologies among the Chinese people (C) establish multilateral trade arrangements in China ] (D) spread Christianity among the Chinese people (E) eliminate communist influence from China. 43. A common characteristic of the three American foreign policy cornerstones was that all of them (A) promoted friendships with European powers (B) resulted in large territorial acquisitions for the United States (C) were issued to protect American interests (D) were directed toward American interests in Asia (E) resulted in major wars for the United States. 44. Which pair of acquisitions completed America's Manifest Destiny? (A) Louisiana Purchase and Florida Purchase (B) Mexican Cession and Oregon Treaty (C) Treaty of Paris and Oregon Treaty (D) Florida Purchase Treaty and Mexican Cession (E) Mexican Cession and Annexation of Texas. 45. A common characteristic of the Treaty of 1783 and the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was that both (A) resulted in land losses for Great Britain (B) cost the United States no money (C) led to war with France (D) helped secure control of the Mississippi River (E) prevented Spain from re colonizing in the Western Hemisphere. 46. In terms of cost per square mile, which of the following acquisitions was America's poorest land deal? (A) Louisiana Purchase Treaty (B) Florida Purchase Treaty (C) Gadsden Purchase Treaty (D) Oregon Treaty (E) Treaty of 1783. 47. Both the Mexican War and Spanish-American War resulted in (A) little territory lost or gained by the belligerents (B) completion of America's drive for Manifest Destiny (C) stopping European aggression in the Caribbean and South America (D) the United States gaining clear title to Cuba and Texas (E) the United States gaining significant territorial acquisitions. 48. In terms of objective and outcome the war that most resembled the Korean War was (A) Vietnam (B) World War II (C) the Spanish American War (D) World War I (E) the Mexican War. 49. The War of 1812, Spanish-American War, and World War I all involved (A) disputes over land claims in the Western Hemisphere (B) toppling foreign leaders who threatened United States security (C) maritime incidents that led to war (D) border incidents that started the conflicts (E) large territorial gains for the United States at the settlement of the conflict. 50. Many abolitionists challenged the goals of the American Colonization Society because the organization (A) had the support of most freed blacks and reduced their loyalty to other abolitionist groups (B) was deeply religious, while most abolitionists were nonbelievers (C) attempted to eliminate the free black population rather than end slavery itself (D) called for penal and temperance reform, which detracted from abolitionism (E) established Liberia, which practiced slavery in Africa. 51. William Lloyd Garrison clashed with the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society because he (A) supported forming a political party to end slavery (B) was very religious and sought close ties to the churches to end slavery (C) was too timid in his methods to end slavery (D) supported full participation for women in the crusade against slavery (E) hoped to form an alliance with the American Colonization Society. 52. An abolitionist in the 1840s who sought to end slavery by political means and supported paying slaveholders for their lost property would join the (A) American Colonization Society (B) American and Foreign Antislavery Society (C) American Antislavery Society (D) American Bible and Temperance Society (E) Antislavery Convention of American Women. 53. The first ten amendments to the Constitution were intended to (A) protect rights that were perceived as threatened during the colonial period (B) reestablish a republican form of government in the United States (C) strengthen the national government's ability to protect law and order (D) restore the national government's control over the economy (E) expand democracy to poor and disfranchised citizens. 54. As a result of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-sixth Amendments, the United States government (A) limited suffrage to white, native-born citizens (B) strengthened its commitment to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence (C) tried to increase suffrage for literate citizens (D) drew closer to the original intent of the Constitution regarding suffrage (E) tried to regulate America's social and political behavior. 55. During the 1950s and 1960s, which of the following amendments provided the basis for court action to expand and protect civil rights for African-Americans? (A) Thirteenth Amendment (B) Twenty-fourth Amendment (C) Eighteenth Amendment (D) Fourteenth Amendment (E) Fifteenth Amendment. 56. The women's movements of the nineteenth century were united around the belief that (A) black men's voting rights were more important than women's suffrage (B) controlling the use of alcohol was the key to gaining full equality for women (C) men were reliable allies in women's crusade for equality (D) civil disobedience and protest were an effective means to achieve women's rights (E) gaining the right to vote was critical to women's advancement in America. 57. A major split developed in the women's movement after the Civil War over (A) the use of petition and convention to achieve women's goals of equality (B) women working outside the home in jobs traditionally done by men (C) the interpretation of the Fifteenth Amendment (D) creating a third party only for women (E) ignoring corruption in government in order to gain support for women's suffrage. 58. The "Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood" referred to women's (A) accepting existing societal expectations for women (B) forming groups to make homes cheerful for returning soldiers (C) promoting the image of strong individuals capable of maintaining their households without any hired help (D) expanding their sphere of interest and activities outside the home (E) accepting their role as educators for future generations of citizens. 59. A common outcome in the Adams-Onis Treaty, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Treaty of Paris 1898 was that all three (A) ended wars with major European powers (B) were settled without cash payments by the United States (C) resulted in territorial acquisition for the United States (D) were rejected by the U.S. Senate (E) promoted American isolationism toward Europe. 60. Both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization were designed to (A) stop the spread of Communism (B) involve the United Nations in preserving peace around the world (C) acquire spheres of influence in Asia for the United States (D) keep Communism out of South America (E) promote closer ties between the United States and Soviet Union. 61. The Treaty of Versailles was a unique agreement in U.S. history because it was the only major treaty (A) that resulted in the acquisition of land for the United States (B) to respectfully recognize Germany's rights in central Europe (C) promoted and accepted by both political parties (D) rejected by the U.S. Senate (E) supported by the U.S. Senate but rejected by the president. 62. The congressional Reconstruction plan proposed at the end of the Civil War found little support among (A) former abolitionists (B) teachers in the Freedmen's Bureau (G) former slaves (D) Thaddeus Stevens' supporters (E) states rights' supporters. 63. A major difference between presidential and congressional Reconstruction was that (A) the presidential plan did not punish the South at all and the congressional plan did (B) the congressional plan expanded the powers of the central government to protect the rights of the former slaves and the presidential plan did not (C) the presidential plan allowed the South to rejoin the Union with slavery unchanged and the congressional plan required emancipation (D) the presidential plan provided for a Freedmen's Bureau and the congressional plan did not propose a similar organization (E) the presidential plan treated the South as a conquered territory and the congressional plan did not. 64. A major shortcoming of the congressional plan for Reconstruction was that it failed to (A) grant black men the right to vote (B) put troops in the South after the war (C) end slavery (D) give land to the former slaves (E) help blacks become citizens. 65. Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey shared a common belief that (A) alliances with liberal whites would improve civil rights for blacks (B) blacks should concentrate on economic progress to move toward equality (C) the only path to full equality is agitation and confrontation (D) violence was a likely outcome in the struggle for equality (E) urban blacks should lead the civil rights movement. 66. Martin Luther Ring Jr. could not accept Malcolm X's policy of (A) striving to improve the lives of black Americans (B) agitation and challenge to the racial status quo (C) emphasizing black pride and achievements (D) calling attention to black social and political inequality (E) rejecting integration and white help. 67. W.E.B. Du Bois expected most of his supporters to be (A) black middle-class professionals (B) southern black sharecroppers (C) black urban youth (D) African businessmen (E) black craftsmen and tradesmen. 68. A common thread that ran through the Fair Deal, New Frontier, and Great Society was (A) each was led by a Republican president (B) each occurred after the United States completed a successful war (C) each tried to continue and expand New Deal reforms (D) each relied on state governments to make societal changes (E) each involved strong regulation of the railroad industry. 69. Which pair of twentieth-century reform movements was most effective in changing America? (A) The New Deal and the Great Society (B) The Great Society and the New Frontier (C) The New Deal and the Fair Deal (D) The Square Deal/New Freedom and the Great Society (E) The New Frontier and the Square Deal/New Freedom. 70. In terms of actual accomplishments, which of these reform programs had the least impact on American society? (A) New Deal (B) New Frontier (C) Fair Deal (D) Great Society (E) Square Deal/New Freedom. 71. The issue that divided the isolationists and internationalists most deeply immediately after the Great War (World War I) was whether the United States should (A) make a permanent alliance with Great Britain (B) reduce spending on the military (C) raise taxes to support foreign aid (D) accept membership in the League of Nations (E) station troops in Europe. 72. Between 1919-1941, William Borah, Charles Lindbergh, and Gerald Nye all shared the belief that (A) the U.S. should cease trading with most nations in the world (B) European alliances would make America safer (C) England's security was vital to America's security (D) the Great War had made the world safe for democracy (E) America should avoid involving itself in European politics. 73. Internationalists between 1919 and 1941 strongly believed in (A) nonentangling foreign alliances (B) collective security (C) reducing military spending (D) disarmament and immigration restriction (E) cutting taxes. 74. During the First New Deal, Franklin Roosevelt believed (A) the National Recovery Administration should nationalize the major industries (B) corporations that provided public services must accept government regulations and limitations on their profits (C) businessmen should be left alone to make as much money as possible (D) only the banking system needed reforms and government regulations (E) the government must cooperate with the business community to lift the country out of the Depression. 75. In the Second New Deal, the government's attitude toward wealthy Americans was that (A) the gap between the wealthy and other classes should be narrowed through taxing policy (B) rich people should be protected because their spending could stimulate prosperity (C) the incomes of all Americans should be roughly equal (D) inherited wealth hurt the country and prolonged the depression (E) the wealthy should pay the same taxes as middle-class citizens 76. The primary goal of the First New Deal was to (A) control all aspects of the American economic system (B) provide relief and recovery from the Depression (C) break up the trusts that had formed since the Progressive era (D) establish cooperative ownership of America's farms and businesses (E) make long-term reforms to America's financial and business systems. 77. In terms of civil rights, Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon shared a (A) desire to achieve racial equality regardless of the political costs (B) desire to make civil rights a weapon in fighting the Cold War (C) weak commitment toward civil rights (D) belief that federal laws could change people's racial attitudes (E) desire to use civil rights to weaken their Democratic opponents. 78. For John F. Kennedy, civil rights was an issue (A) of the highest moral priority from the very beginning of his presidency (B) to be managed without political conflict within his party (C) to be completely ignored until it required action (D) to be postponed until he was re-elected (E) upon which to build a presidential legacy. 79. Lyndon Johnson's civil rights program was undermined by (A) opposition from liberal Democrats and the Supreme Court (B) budget deficits and economic recession (C) affirmative action and the Republican controlled Congress (D) domestic unrest and the war in Vietnam (E) corruption in various civil rights Organizations. 80. During the late 1940s, the Truman administration implemented containment by (A) sending combat soldiers to repel communist attacks (B) using air power and atomic bombs to stop communism (C) using China as a diplomatic tool to contain communism (D) sending economic aid to countries threatened by communism (E) using the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to overthrow communist governments. 81. President Kennedy believed that America's containment policy should (A) rely on many types of military force to block communism (B) abandon Vietnam since it was not critical to American security (C) negotiate with Fidel Castro to weaken his alliance with the Soviet Union (D) not be concerned about communism in the Third World (E) reverse previous policies by directly attacking the Soviet Union. 82. President Nixon differed from his predecessors with a containment policy that (A) used the CIA to spy on the Soviet Union (B) sent military and economic aid to allies in Europe (C) used diplomacy with China as a means of containing the Soviet Union (D) relied on nuclear weapons to maintain world peace (E) did not believe South Vietnam was important in containing communism. 83. Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson sent aid and troops to Vietnam because they believed (A) Vietnam had been a long-term ally of the United States and deserved support (B) the United States Congress supported Diem's reform policies (C) Ho Chi Minh would abandon communism if confronted by American force (D) U.S. assistance would keep both Vietnam and China free of communism (E) in the domino theory and saw Vietnam as critical to containing communism. 84. Lyndon Johnson escalated the war in Vietnam because he (A) hoped to block French colonialism in the region (B) feared the war's loss would hurt his domestic agenda and America's credibility in the world (C) believed the Soviet Union was sending thousands of troops to North Vietnam (D) believed U.S. assistance was the only way to maintain Ngo Dinh Diem in power (E) believed the war would distract attention from U.S. domestic turmoil. 85. A critical decision made by Dwight Eisenhower in Vietnam was to (A) select and support Ngo Dinh Diem as an American ally (B) abandon the domino theory in South East Asia (C) send 540,000 combat soldiers to fight in Vietnam (D) begin bombing North Vietnam (E) begin withdrawing American troops after the Tet offensive. 86. One of the objectives of the Truman and Eisenhower Doctrines was to (A) save China from communism (B) oust Fidel Castro from Cuba (C) conserve American foreign aid and money (D) return America to a tradition of isolationism (E) contain communist expansion. 87. The principal goal of the Monroe Doctrine was to (A) warn Europe against colonizing in the Western Hemisphere (B) prevent the seizure of American shipping during European wars (C) stop Britain from impressing U.S. sailors (D) block the spread of democracy in South America (E) preserve natural resources in the Western Hemisphere. 88. The Nixon Doctrine was a modification of the policy of (A) isolationism (B) watchful waiting (C) containment (D) massive retaliation (E) flexible response. 89. Which of the following statements does the table above best support? (A) Immigration remained at the same level from 1871 to 1920 (B) The period 1871-1880 witnessed the largest immigration of New Immigrants in the late nineteenth century (C) Most immigrants came from Italy and Germany (D) Between 1911 and 1920 approximately 3 million immigrants came from England, Ireland, and Germany (E) The period 1891-1900 was the first decade in the late nineteenth century in which the number of New Immigrants exceeded the number of Old Immigrants 90. The colonists who ultimately embraced the vision of America as an independent nation had in common all of the following characteristics EXCEPT (A) the desire to create an agricultural society (B) learning to live lives unfettered by the tyrannies of royal authority (C) learning to live lives unfettered by the tyrannies of official religion (D) an unwillingness to subjugate others (E) learning to live lives unfettered by the tyrannies of social hierarchies. 91. What is the viewpoint expressed in the above cartoon? (A) The United States rejected the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (B) Under Roosevelt the United States allowed European nations to take part in the colonization of South America. (C) Roosevelt brought the Caribbean under the control of the United States. (D) Roosevelt was protecting the Caribbean nations from U.S. intervention. (E) The United States in the early twentieth century began removing its military control of the Caribbean. 92. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the table above? (A) By the nineteenth century, slave importation had significantly declined. (B) Brazil imported more slaves in the seventeenth century than the other areas in the New World combined. (C) No other New World area experienced a greater increase in slave imports from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century than the Danish Caribbean. (D) British North America and the United States represented the smallest percentage of slave imports from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century. (E) The Caribbean represented the most significant percentage of slave imports in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 93. By the 1770s which of the following issues helped bring about a crisis of imperial authority? (A) trade restrictions (B) slavery (C) few colonists clung to any hope of accommodation with Great Britain (D) the coronation of a new king (E) the rise to power of radical patriots in the American colonies. 94. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most important for the future United States was (A) Santa Fe (B) Quebec (C) Jamestown (D) Massachusetts Bay (E) Saint Augustine. 95. Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in (A) little increase in church membership (B) a strong religious influence in many areas of American life (C) surprisingly few humanitarian reforms (D) greater attention to church history and doctrine (E) improved conditions for indentured servants. 96. The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening was (A) Joseph Smith (B) Horace Greeley (C) Carl Schurz (D) Charles G. Finney (E) Angelina Grimke. 97. New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of (A) prison and asylum reform (B) the peace movement (C) the temperance movement (D) abolitionism (E) women's education. 98. By the 1850s the crusade for women's rights was eclipsed by (A) the temperance movement (B) the "Lucy Stoners" (C) abolitionism (D) prison reform advocates (E) evangelical revivalism. 99. The Oneida Community declined due to (A) widespread criticism of its sexual practices (B) the loss of the colony's property to the government (C) their adoption of communism (D) its inability to pay state and federal taxes (E) its move from New York to California. 100. The Hudson River School excelled in the art of painting (A) portraits (B) classical frescoes (C) still life (D) daguerreotypes (E) landscapes. 101. Civil Disobedience, an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. was written by the transcendentalist (A) Louisa May Alcott (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) James Fenimore Cooper (D) Margaret Fuller (E) Henry David Thoreau. 102. One of the major tests the new nation passed was when (A) we elected our first president (B) we avoided being drawn into the wars in Europe (C) we dealt fairly with the Native Americans (D) an alliance was formed with Britain (E) power was transferred peacefully from the Federalists to the Jeffersonians. 103. As part of the egalitarian movement of the American Revolution, (A) several northern states abolished slavery (B) most states outlawed the overseas trade in indentured servants (C) many states repealed laws against interracial marriage (D) some southern states passed legislation providing for the gradual abolition of slavery (E) laws against interracial marriage were eliminated. 104. As a result of the Revolution's emphasis on equality, all of the following were achieved EXCEPT (A) the reduction of property qualifications for voting by most states (B) the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers (C) the establishment of the world's first antislavery society (D) full equality between white women and men (E) abolishing medieval inheritance laws. 105. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when (A) agreement was reached on who would be president (B) states gave up their right to coin money (C) all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government (D) the states gave up their power to establish tariffs (E) a two-house national legislature was added. 106. Shays's Rebellion was provoked by (A) fears that the Articles of Confederation had created too strong a national government for the United States (B) efforts by wealthy merchants to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution (C) a quarrel over the boundary between Massachusetts and Vermont (D) foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers (E) the government's failure to pay bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans. 107. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for (A) regulating commerce (B) levying taxes (C) apportioning congressional representation (D) electing the president (E) choosing senators. 108. The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the (A) "large-state plan" (B) "small-state plan" (C) "three-fifths" compromise (D) closing of the slave trade until 1808 (E) Northwest Ordinance. 109. In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by (A) nationalizing all banks and major industries (B) mobilizing America's youth as in wartime (C) returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism (D) continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover (E) experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform. 110. The Glass-Steagall Act (A) took the United States off the gold standard (B) empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily (C) created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange (D) permitted commercial banks to , engage in Wall Street financial dealings (E) created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits. The West and Northwest 1819-1824 111. The map above shows that in the period 1819 to 1824 (A) the British controlled nearly all of North America except Mexico (B) Russia, Britain, and the United States all laid claim to the Oregon Country (C) Mexico won its independence (D) Spain lost all of its colonial possessions in the New World (E) U.S. territorial possessions ended at the Mississippi River. 112. In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln (A) relied solely on moral appeal (B) used only totally legal methods (C) guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently (D) never had to use troops (E) declared martial law where needed. 113. As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of (A) greater ability to wage offensive warfare (B) more talented military leaders (C) superior industrial capabilities (D) superior transportation facilities (E) a more united public opinion. 114. A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was (A) effective military leadership (B) intervention from Britain and France (C) the fighting skill of Southern males (D) its ability to fight on its own soil (E) its belief that it was defending its way of life. 115. Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her expose, a. David G. Phillips b. Ida Tarbell c. Lincoln Steffens d. Ray Stannard Baker (A) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4 (B) a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1 (C) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4 (D) a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1 (E) a-1, b-4, c-2, d-3 1. the United States Senate 2. the Standard Oil Company 3. city governments 4. the condition of blacks 116. In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that (A) child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited (B) the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health (C) factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week (D) female workers should receive equal pay for equal work (E) female workers required special rules and protection on the job. 117. Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal r mines by (A) using the military to force the miners back to work (B) passing legislation making the miners' union illegal (C) helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers (D) appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest (E) threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops. 118. Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II (A) due to numerous acts of sabotage (B) in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese (C) as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear (D) because many were loyal to Japan (E) to prevent them from leaving the United States to help Japan in the war. 119. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to (A) destroy the last remnants of European imperialism (B) promote the national independence of all European nations (C) contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union (D) force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan (E) create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance. 120. African-Americans did all of the following during World War II EXCEPT (A) fight in integrated combat units (B) rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home) (C) move to the North and West in large numbers (D) form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality (E) serve in the Army Air Corps. 121. The "New Right" movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by (A) fiscal conservatives (B) evangelical Christians (C) gold-standard advocates (D) midwesterners (E) neoconservatives. 122. The Democrats' hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving (A) bribes involving business deals in the Soviet Union (B) election frau (C) the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks (D) kickbacks for oil leases on federal lands (E) payoffs for U.S. hostages and campaign contributions from foreign corporations. 123. Nativists in the 1850s were known for their (A) support of Native Americans (B) support of slavery (C) opposition to old-stock Protestants (D) anti-Catholic and antiforeign attitudes (E) opposition to alcohol and Sabbath-breaking. 124. The panic of 1857 resulted in (A) a demand to end the government policy of giving away farmland (B) the extension of slavery to the territories (C) price supports for farmers (D) calls for restrictions on land and stock speculation (E) clamor for a higher tariff. 125. The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to (A) achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat (B) propose independence of the colonies from Britain (C) declare war on the Iroquois tribe (D) prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies (E) gain peace with France. 126. In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763 (A) American colonists obeyed the law they hated (B) relations with France improved (C) relations between the American colonies and the British government improved (D) the American colonies believed their destiny had been destroyed (E) American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation. 127. Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism (A) pinned its economic faith on competition (B) opposed consolidation of labor unions ' (C) favored the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets (D) supported a broad program of social welfare (E) favored state rather than federal government activism. 128. Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following EXCEPT (A) faith in the masses (B) scorn for the ideal of self-determination for minority peoples in other countries (C) a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress (D) a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislators to the sovereign people (E) a belief in the moral essence of politics. 129. One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was (A) the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast (B) federal income tax evasion charges (C) the RICO racketeering act (D) New York City's ethics laws (E) granting immunity to Tweed's cronies in exchange for testimony. 130. During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans (A) had few significant economic differences (B) agreed on currency policy but not on the tariff (C) were separated by substantial differences in economic policy (D) held similar views on all economic issues except for civil-service reform (E) were divided over silver versus gold currency. 131. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in (A) a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South (B) the withdrawal of federal troops from the South (C) the election of a Democrat to the presidency (D) passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act (E) a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad. 132. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that (A) AfricanAmericans could be denied the right to vote (B) segregation was unconstitutional (C) "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional (D) the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African-Americans (E) literacy tests for voting were constitutional. 133. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when (A) no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College (B) William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race (C) the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus" (D) Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the request (E) widespread voter fraud was discovered. 134. The purpose behind the spoils system was (A) to press those with experience into governmental service (B) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business (C) to reward political supporters with public office (D) to reverse the trend of rotation in office (E) the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class. 135. The Force Bill of 1833 provided that (A) the Congress could use the military for Indian removal (B) the Congress could employ the navy to stop smuggling (C) the president could use the army to collect excise taxes (D) the military could force citizens to track down runaway slaves (E) the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties. 136. U.S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that (A) free trade was essential to a nation's economic health (B) control of the sea was the key to i world domination by the United States (C) the United States should continue its policy of isolationism (D) an isthmian canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific was impossible (E) the United States should construct a fleet of battleships. 137. The Teller Amendment (A) guaranteed the independence of Cuba (B) made Cuba an American possession (C) directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba (D) appropriated funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba (E) granted the United States a base at Guantanamo Bay. 138. The political cartoon above (A) expresses the view that U.S. colonies such as Cuba were angered by U.S. territorial expansion in the early nineteenth century (B) indicates that President McKinley was more than willing to engage in territorial expansion (C) is an attempt to provide justification for U.S. imperialism following World War I (D) shows President McKinley's displeasure in establishing a U.S. international empire. (E) provides evidence that the U.S. repudiated imperialism in the late nineteenth century. 139. American military forces entered Vietnam in order to (A) gain eventual control of North Vietnam (B) help to stage a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem (C) prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists (D) keep South Vietnam from falling 3 to the communists until after the 1964 election (E) promote democratic reforms in South Vietnam. 140. When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered (A) the installation of nuclear, weapons in Turkey (B) surgical air strikes against the missile sites (C) the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs (D) resumption of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons (E) a naval quarantine of that island. 141. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following EXCEPT (A) creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (B) prohibiting discrimination based on gender(C) banning sexual as well as racial discrimination (D) banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public (E) requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination. 142. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the (A) 1810s and 1820s (B) 1820s and 1830s (C) 1830s and 1840s (D) 1840s and 1850s (E) 1860s and 1870s. 143. As a result of the development of the cotton gin, (A) slavery revived and expanded (B) American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers (C) a nationwide depression ensued (D) the South diversified its economy (E) the textile industry moved to the South. 144. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that (A) corporations were unconstitutional (B) labor unions were legal (C) labor strikes were illegal (D) the Boston Associates' employment of young women in their factories was inhumane (E) the state could regulate factory wages and working conditions. 145. The "cult of domesticity" (A) gave women more opportunity to seek employment outside the home (B) resulted in more pregnancies for women (C) restricted women's moral influence on the family (D) glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers (E) was especially strong among rural women. 146. One argument against annexing Texas to the United States was that the annexation (A) could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe (B) might give more power to the supporters of slavery (C) was not supported by the people of Texas (D) offered little of value to America (E) would lead to tensions and , possible war with Mexico. 147. The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by (A) expansionists (B) anti-Texas southerners (C) Henry Clay (D) eastern business interests (E) proslavery forces. 148. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following EXCEPT (A) abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas (B) a decline in the navy and other armed forces (C) making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims (D) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest (E) balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither. 149. Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a U.S. foreign policy position in the twentieth century? (A) The United States attempted to maintain a policy of neutrality on the eve of World War I. (B) The United States embarked on a policy of isolationism in the post-World War II period. (C) The United States sought to , contain the spread of communism in the post-World War II period. (D) The United States was concerned that European nations might attempt to colonize the Caribbean in the 1930s. (E) The United States quarantined Cuba to prevent the Soviets from delivering nuclear missiles to that nation. 150. Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding (A) sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley (B) hoped to encourage the government to guide business along the path to profits (C) worked to get standpatters out of administration bureaus (D) aimed at supporting increased competition in business (E) aided small business at the expense of big business. 151. The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact (A) formally ended World War I for the United States, which had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles (B) set a schedule for German payment of war reparations (C) established a battleship ratio for the leading naval powers (D) condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria (E) outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry. 152. One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was (A) overproduction (B) the inability to purchase modern farm equipment (C) passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill (D) the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws (E) drought and insects like the boll weevil. 153. The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because (A) it could not win the farm vote (B) too many people shared in prosperity to care about reform (C) it was too caught up in internal discord (D) the liberal vote was split between it and the Democratic party (E) La Follette could not win the Socialists' endorsement. 154. As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930, (A) American industry grew more secure (B) duties on agricultural products decreased (C) American economic isolationism ended (D) campaign promises to labor were fulfilled (E) the worldwide depression deepened. 155. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated (A) the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress (B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats (C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh Reconstruction plan (D) that a congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union (E) the Republicans' fear of readmitting Confederate leaders to Congress. 156. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' restoration to the Union was that (A) the South would be stronger than ever in national politics (B) inexperienced Southern politicians would be elected (C) blacks might actually gain election to the U.S. Congress (D) a high tariff might be reinstituted (E) slavery might be reestablished. 157. Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois (A) demanded complete equality for AfricanAmericans (B) established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama (C) supported the goals of Booker T. Washington (D) was an ex-slave who rose to fame (E) sought to resettle blacks in Africa and the Caribbean. 158. Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following EXCEPT (A) opposed to factory labor (B) used as strikebreakers (C) willing to work for lower wages (D) difficult to unionize (E) non-English speaking. 159. Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following EXCEPT (A) denounce "radical" foreign ideas (B) condemn "un-American" lifestyles (C) enter a decade of economic difficulties (D) shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries (E) restrict immigration. 160. The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against (A) capitalism (B) new immigration laws passed in 1924 (C) the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s (D) race riots (E) the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture. 161. The 1920 census revealed that for the first time most (A) men worked in manufacturing (B) adult women were employed outside the home (C) Americans lived in cities (D) Americans lived in the trans- Mississippi West (E) families had fewer than four Children. 162. The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by (A) outlawing strikes by public employees (B) creating a serious inflationary spiral (C) banning labor's political action committees (D) outlawing the "closed" (all-union) shops (E) forbidding union organizers to enter workplaces. 163. In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following EXCEPT (A) create the President's Council of Economic Advisers (B) sell war factories and other government installations to private businesses at very low prices (C) pass the Employment Act, which made it government policy to promote maximum employment production, and purchasing power (D) pass the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, known as the GI Bill of Rights (E) continue wartime wage and price controls. 164. In the 1950s, the work force began to change when (A) white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar workers (B) unskilled workers outnumbered any other group (C) union membership exceeded fifty percent of all workers (D) women held more than sixty percent of all jobs (E) the average age of workers dropped under forty. 165. Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of (A) detente (B) appeasement (C) containment (D) limited war (E) negotiation. 166. President Truman's Marshall Plan called for (A) military aid for Europe (B) substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe (C) economic aid for Japan (D) foreign aid for Third World countries to resist communism (E) an alliance to contain the Soviet Union. 167. At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) reverses in upper New York (B) a loss at Baltimore (C) increasing war weariness in Britain (D) concern about the stilldangerous France (E) the American victory at New Orleans. 168. The resolutions from the Hartford Convention (A) helped to cause the death of the Federalist party (B) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights (C) called for southern secession from the union (D) supported use of state militias against the British (E) called for the West to join the War of 1812. 169. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise EXCEPT (A) extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied (B) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state (C) Maine entered the Union as a free state (D) sectionalism was reduced (E) the balance between the North and South was kept even. 1700. In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall (A) favored "loose construction" (B) supported "strict construction" (C) supported an unchanging document (D) advocated state control of interstate commerce (E) set few precedents. 171. Which of the following best describes the impact European colonization had on the Western Hemisphere's native population? (A) The native population was highly respected in terms of territorial possessions and religious beliefs. (B) The Europeans for the most part did not interact with the native population. (C) Spain was the only European country to successfully create an alliance with the native population. (D) Spain worked in conjunction with the Aztecs and Incas to harvest South America's resources. (E) Native populations were often killed off or driven away by the Europeans. 172. Which of the following imperial powers originally settled the Hudson River Valley? (A) Holland (B) England (C) France (D) Sweden (E) Portugal. 173. The colony of Georgia was (A) comparatively the most democratic English colony (B) established by Spain in order to protect its colony of Florida (C) established by England as a penal colony (D) organized by English Catholics who had been persecuted by the Anglican Church (E) eventually ceded to Spain in return for Florida. 174. Which English colony was established by proprietors that also had investments in the slave trade and therefore introduced slavery to their colony? (A) New York (B) Pennsylvania (C) Virginia (D) The Carolinas (E) Maryland. 175. The Duke of Baltimore established the colony of Maryland (A) as an opportunity to invest in that colony's maritime industry (B) in order to prevent France from seizing that territory (C) as a haven for persecuted English Catholics (D) for Quakers who had been evicted from Pennsylvania (E) after failing to colonize the Carolinas. 176. French immigrants to the New World tended to inhabit (A) Canada (B) Florida (C) territory east of the Appalachian Mountains (D) southern colonies (E) the Middle Atlantic colonies. 177. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams (A) established religious freedom for Jews and Catholics (B) supported freedom of religion for the Huguenots (C) established complete religious freedom for all of the colony's settlers (D) established mandatory church attendance (E) abolished religious practices throughout the colony. 178. Which of the following stunted the physical growth of the English colony of New York? (A) Most settlers refused to recognize the Anglican Church. (B) Native Americans laid claim to all of New York. (C) New York relied almost exclusively on imports from Britain. (D) Few colonists wanted to settle in the western part of the colony. (E) Aristocrats controlled vast tracts of land. 179. Which of the following sought to exploit the lucrative fur trade in North America? (A) the French (B) the British (C) the French and Dutch (D) the Portuguese (E) the Spanish and the French. 180. John Winthrop is associated with which colony? (A) New Amsterdam (B) Massachusetts Bay Colony (C) Jamestown (D) Quebec (E) Pennsylvania. 181. A major goal of the French in wanting to maintain control over the Ohio Valley was to (A) prevent attacks by Native Americans on their forts and outposts (B) eventually expand into Canada (C) merge its landholdings from Canada to the Mississippi Valley (D) exploit the lumber trade (E) prevent Spain from taking control of the Mississippi River. 182. The most immediate objective of the Albany Congress was to (A) bring to an end the French and Indian War (B) unite French and American settlers in order to defeat hostile Native American tribes (C) convince American colonists to boycott British-made goods (D) end hostilities between Native Americans and French settlers in the Ohio Valley (E) improve relations with the Iroquois tribes. 187. The primary goal of the Hat Act, Iron Act, and Wool Act was to (A) subordinate American capitalism to British capitalism (B) increase production levels of these items in the colonies (C) prevent British manufacturers from shipping raw materials to America (D) raise revenue to pay for the salaries of British officials serving in the American colonies (E) raise enough money for American militias to effectively fight the French. 188. As a result of the British victory in the French and Indian War (A) relations between French and Americans colonists improved dramatically (B) France was able to hold on to Canada but lost the rest of its North American empire (C) the Americans and British developed a mutual respect for each other's military abilities (D) Britain returned the lower Mississippi Valley to Spain (E) none of the above. 189. Under Britain's mercantilist policy (A) Britain and the other imperialist powers worked out a trade agreement that would prevent conflict (B) the colonies were expected to export more finished goods than they imported (C) trade restrictions on the colonies were forbidden (D) the colonies were expected to supply Great Britain with raw materials (E) the colonies enjoyed considerable political and economic growth. 190. Prior to the 1760s, Britain's Navigation Acts (A) were effective in raising enormous revenue for the Crown (B) prevented the American colonies from shipping raw materials to Great Britain (C) were only loosely enforced in the American colonies (D) successfully ended smuggling in the American colonies (E) none of the above. 191. The Declaration of Rights (adapted from the Suffolk Resolves by the delegates to the First Continental Congress) declared the _____ null and void. (A) Tea tax (B) Declaratory Acts (C) Intolerable Acts (D) Quartering Act (E) Navigation Laws. 192. All of the following are correct regarding the Quebec Act EXCEPT (A) it was warmly accepted by American colonists as a way of building a closer relationship with French colonists (B) Catholicism was accepted as the official religion of French Quebec (C) Americans were suspicious that the non-representative assembly established in Quebec would set a precedent for British rule in the American colonies (D) Americans were angry that Quebec's territory was extended to the Ohio River (E) it was an attempt to incorporate the French Canadians into the British North American Empire. 193. Conservative delegates to the First Continental Congress (A) sought immediate independence from British control (B) favored using violence and intimidation to convince the British to grant the Americans their independence (C) generally were from the New England states (D) supported the Galloway plan (E) argued that the colonies had no legal right to representation. 194. Which one of the following was a major success of the Articles of Confederation? (A) They ended the French and Indian War. (B) They led to the creation of a powerful U.S. military. (C) They paved the way for closer economic ties with Great Britain. (D) They devised land policies that would allow for the systematic incorporation of new states. (E) They resolved the dispute over the powers of the central government and the powers of the states. 195. Of the following list of political leaders, which one was strongly opposed to the plan of government created by the delegates at the Philadelphia convention? (A) Patrick Henry (B) George Washington (C) James Madison (D) Benjamin Franklin (E) Alexander Hamilton. 196. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Articles of Confederation? (A) They called for a bicameral legislature. (B) Unanimity was required to amend the AOC. (C) Nine of thirteen states were required to pass legislation. (D) There was no national court system. (E) Each state had one vote in Congress. 197. Shays's Rebellion (A) convinced many political leaders of the destructive consequences of a strong central government (B) was eventually suppressed when the federal government sent troops to Massachusetts (C) convinced some political leaders of the necessity of giving more power to the central government (D) came about when American settlers clashed with the British over western land claims (E) was organized by the Antifederalists who sought to prevent ratification of the Constitution. 198. Which important controversy was resolved by the Great (or Connecticut) Compromise? (A) Western land claims (B) representation in Congress (C) no national currency (D) no national military (E) weak judicial branch. 199. Powers granted to the federal government under the U.S. Constitution are expressed as (A) enumerated powers (B) checks and balances (C) reserved powers (D) executive powers (E) unicameral legislature. 200. All of the following are true regarding the Antifederalists EXCEPT (A) their important leaders included John Hancock and Patrick Henry (B) their political support came mostly from backcountry and agricultural areas (C) debtors were supporters of the Antifederalists (D) they were opposed to a strong central government (E) they maintained that there was no need for a bill of rights. 201. The Federalist Papers (A) were written by opponents of the Constitution, who feared that a tyrannical government would be a consequence of ratification (B) were the intellectual ideas that shaped the creation of the AOC (C) were written by those who advocated maintaining the AOC (D) claimed that under the AOC the states had too much power compared with the central government (E) attempted to calm the anxieties many had about the powers granted to the central government under the Constitution. 202. North Carolina refused to ratify the Constitution (A) because the government under the AOC had not yet determined the status of its western land claims . (B) until Congress imposed a boycott on the state (C) until the government removed British forts from its western frontier (D) unless a bill of rights would eventually be added (E) until it was ratified by the other southern states. 203. Which one of the following did NOT serve in George Washington's administration? (A) Thomas Jefferson (B) Alexander Hamilton (C) John Adams (D) John Marshall (E) Henry Knox. 204. In the Report on Manufactures (A) Hamilton sought to promote the agrarian sector of the economy (B) Hamilton and Jefferson promoted an excise tax (C) Jefferson argued that the nation should develop its infrastructure (D) Hamilton maintained that a small government would be more efficient (E) Hamilton supported policies that would protect American industry from foreign competition. 205. The first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court was (A) John Marshall (B) John Jay (C) Thomas Paine (D) Edmond Genet (E) Thomas Pinckney. 206. The compromise that led to the Assumption Bill involved southerners accepting Hamilton's economic program in return for (A) an end to the protective tariff (B) legalizing the slave trade (C) relocating the nation's capitol to the South (D) purchasing the Louisiana Territory (E) shrinking the military budget. 207. The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution (A) abolished slavery (B) led to the creation of the judicial branch (C) gave to the federal government the authority to create a national bank (D) prevented a president from seeking a third term (E) required that presidential and vice presidential candidates be from the same party. 208. Which one of the following represents an improvement in French-American relations? (A) the Milan Decree (B) the Orders in Council (C) the XYZ affair (D) the Convention of 1800 (E) the Berlin Decree. 209. In his more than thirty years as a Supreme Court justice, John Marshall (A) strengthened the powers of the states in relation to the federal government (B) ruled time and again in support of the compact theory of government (C) ruled that the Supreme Court could not overturn a decision handed down by a state Supreme Court (D) blocked state regulations that limited property rights (E) upheld the constitutionality of monopolies. 210. In which Supreme Court case was the concept of judicial review established? (A) Marbury v. Madison (B) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (C) McCulloch v. Maryland (D) Gibbons v. Odgen (E) Fletcher v. Peck. 211. The concept of judicial review means that (A) the executive branch can veto legislation (B) the president has the final say in all decisions of the judicial branch (C) the courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of laws (D) the Supreme Court is required to review all bills passed by Congress (E) a state court can overturn a decision by the Supreme Court if it believes doing so would be in the state's best interest 212. Pinckney's Treaty resulted in all of the following EXCEPT (A) it improved Spanish-American relations (B) it gave the Americans the right of deposit in New Orleans (C) it gave to the United States Spain's Caribbean islands in return for American aid (D) it settled the Florida boundary dispute (E) Spain agreed to cease inciting Native American tribes against the Americans. 213. Which of the following was NOT in favor of U.S. territorial expansion in the first half of the nineteenth century? (A) farmers (B) manufacturers (C) investors (D) abolitionists (E) religious leaders. 214. The term Manifest Destiny implies (A) a desire to limit the territorial expansion of the United States (B) that the cost of expansion is greater than its benefits (C) that it was America's God-given right to expand (D) that nations should share newly discovered resources rather than fight over them (E) that taking land from others was a violation of God's will. 215. The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from (A) Mexico (B) Britain (C) Spain (D) Russia (E) France. 216. The Gadsden Purchase (A) allowed the United States to build a southern transcontinental railroad (B) was territory in the West where the Cherokee were relocated (C) allowed the United States to extend its northern border with Canada to the Pacific Ocean (D) was vetoed by President Polk (E) gave the United States access to the Oregon Territory. 217. The war hawks (A) were led by John Adams (B) were opponents of territorial expansion (C) were U.S. congressmen who represented the New England states (D) supported going to war against Britain in the early nineteenth century (E) was a Native American tribe who fought against U.S. territorial expansion. 219. The Hartford Convention (A) ended the War of 1812 (B) was organized by the Federalist opposition to the war with Britain (C) included some of the most important leaders of the Democratic-Republican party (D) was organized to oppose territorial expansion (E) made way for Texas's admission into the Union. 220. The Battle of New Orleans (A) was a major U.S. victory over Mexico (B) convinced the British to agree to peace terms that ended the War of 1812 (C) was fought after the peace treaty ending the War of 1812 was signed (D) was a major Mexican victory over the Texans (E) was a major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812. 221. "Fifty-four forty or fight" refers to (A) the Federalists' opposition to the war with Britain (B) the amount of money Mexico demanded from the United States in return for allowing it to annex Texas (C) the boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico (D) the war hawks' demand for concessions from the British for violating American neutrality rights (E) the dispute between Britain and the United States over the Oregon Territory. 222. Which of the following decisions by the Mexican government angered Americans who settled in Texas? (A) The Americans were required to pay enormous taxes to the Mexican government. (B) The Mexicans forbade the Americans from farming on the most fertile land. (C) The Mexicans forbade the American settlers from trading with the United States. (D) The American settlers were prohibited from becoming citizens of Mexico. (E) The Mexicans abolished slavery. 223. The Supreme Court ruled in Worcester v. Georgia that (A) Native American tribal land could not be purchased by the state of Georgia (B) Georgia must grant citizenship rights to the Cherokees living within its borders (C) the Cherokees could not sue the state of Georgia in federal court (D) Georgia's state laws had no authority within Cherokee territory (E) Georgia had a responsibility for the care of the Cherokees living within its borders. 224. The spoils system (A) was condemned by Jackson and his supporters for being undemocratic (B) prevented women, Native Americans, and blacks from voting (C) was a derisive term used by opponents of the Tariff of 1828 (D) is a term that is synonymous with rotation in office (E) was a corrupt bargain made by the opponents of Jackson that prevented him from winning the presidency in 1824. 225. The origins of the Age of Reform can be found in all of the following EXCEPT (A) the defeat of the South and slavery in the Civil War (B) the democratic influences of the American Revolution (C) the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans (D) the Antifederalists of the 1780s and 1790s (E) the profound social and economic changes and conditions of the early nineteenth century. 226. The "kitchen cabinet" (A) was the name given to Jackson's political opponents (B) was a derisive term for men who advocated for women's rights (C) was a term used to attack critics of Jackson's position on the Bank (D) were those who settled on land for which they no longer held a lease (E) was the nickname of Jackson's unofficial advisors. 227. Jackson's Maysville Road veto was an opportunity for him to (A) challenge federal infrastructural development (B) attack opponents of his policy to relocate Native Americans (C) disregard John Marshall's ruling on contracts (D) advocate for the construction of a National Road (E) undermine financial support for the Bank of the United States. 228. The leader of South Carolina's opposition to the 'Tariff of Abominations" was (A) Martin Van Buren (B) Henry Clay (C) William Lloyd Garrison (D) John C. Calhoun (E) John Marshall. 229. Jackson was embroiled in a controversy with Nicholas Biddle over the (A) construction of the Maysville Road (B) construction of the Charles River Bridge (C) resettlement of Native Americans (D) abolition of slavery (E) Bank of the United States. 230. The Specie Circular (A) sought to address the problems associated with the Panic of 1819 (B) was a primary factor in the development of the New Market economy (C) was nullified by the South Carolina legislature (D) was an attempt by Jackson to remedy the problems associated with the destruction of the bank (E) was used by the Charles River Bridge Company to raise funds to build a bridge over the Charles River in Massachusetts. 231. William Lloyd Garrison is most associated with which of the following reform movements? (A) prison reform (B) reforming mental health facilities (C) abolition of slavery (D) education reform (E) the plight of Native Americans. 232. The Seneca Falls Convention is associated with which of the following reform movements? (A) women's rights (B) abolition (C) education reform (D) opposition to Jackson's policies toward Native Americans (E) urban reform. 10. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Second Great Awakening? (A) It promoted individualism. (B) It was not experienced by southerners. (C) It placed reason over faith. (D) It challenged the Enlightenment's reliance on reason. (E) It came about in response to the perception that piety was declining. 233. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the North in the antebellum period? (A) Its industrial development was greater than the other two regions, (B) The textile industry was important to several of the states in this region. (C) The planter class was dominant in most of the states in the region. (D) Northerners favored a high protective tariff. (E) Much of the nation's banking industry was located in the North. 234. The turning point of the American Civil War occurred at the battle (A) First Bull Run (B) Second Bull Run (C) Monitor and Merrimac (D) Antietam (E) Gettysburg. 235. Which of the following is consistent with the contract theory? (A) South Carolina Exposition ' (B) the political views of John C. Calhoun (C) the states, not the federal government, are supreme (D) the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (E) the decisions handed down by the Marshall Court. 236. The Compromise of 1850 (A) banned slavery in Washington, D.C. (B) allowed Kansas to enter as a slave state (C) ended the Fugitive Slave law (D) gave all of the land taken from Mexico to Texas (E) allowed California to enter as a free state. 237. Popular sovereignty was the idea that (A) the government of each new territory should be elected by the people (B) the American public should vote on whether to admit states with or without slavery (C) it was for the citizens of a territory to decide if their territory would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state (D) the United States should assume popular control of the territory acquired from Mexico (E) slavery should be prohibited from any territory acquired by the United States. 238. In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court (A) avoided controversy by ruling that Dred Scott had no right to sue in federal court (B) ruled that the Kansas-Nebraska Act was unconstitutional (C) ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves were private property (D) ruled that slaves could sue in federal court only if their masters allowed them to do so (E) ruled that a slave that had been transported to a free state or territory was a free citizen of the United States. 239. The Crittenden Proposal (A) forbade slavery west of the Mississippi River (B) would have granted the Southern states their independence if they abolished slavery (C) would have lowered the protective tariff in return for abolishing the Fugitive Slave Act (D) ended the slave trade but not slavery in Washington, D.C. (E) would have guaranteed slaveholders the right to own slaves south of the 36°30' line. 240. In the election of 1860 (A) most Southerners refused to vote in protest against Lincoln's candidacy (B) the majority of citizens living in the three sections voted for the Republican candidate (C) the tariff was the most controversial issue (D) the vast majority of southerners voted for the compromise candidate, John Bell (E) the Republicans gained control of the executive branch for the first time. 241. The Emancipation Proclamation (A) abolished slavery in all states that were in open rebellion (B) abolished slavery in the Border States (C) ended the slave trade but not slavery (D) was ruled unconstitutional by the Taney Supreme Court (E) allowed for popular sovereignty in those states that willingly returned to the Union. 242. Which of the following is NOT associated with the North during the war? (A) continued industrialization (B) the Morrill Tariff of 1861 (C) the Homestead Act of 1862 (D) the use of blacks in the Union military (E) the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment guaranteeing voting rights to male U.S. citizens. 243. The original purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to (A) generate support among Southern whites to attempt to end federal military occupation (B) organize blacks as sharecroppers (C) provide freed blacks with food, clothing, and educational opportunities (D) register blacks to vote (E) enroll poor whites and blacks in trade unions. 244. Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, developed in 1863, allowed for a state to be readmitted once (A) fifty percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union (B) the state legislature ratified the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (C) ten percent of its voters repudiated the contract theory (D) it paid for war damages caused by the Confederate army (E) it abolished slavery. 245. The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution (A) abolished slavery ' (B) gave to the federal government supreme authority over the states (C) gave black males the right to vote (D) defined citizenship rights (E) gave to women the right to vote. 246. Carpetbaggers were (A) Southerners who supported radical Republican governments in the South (B) Northerners such as teachers and ministers who traveled South after the war to aid the freedmen (C) former Confederate political leaders who regained their political seats in Congress when Reconstruction ended (D) freed blacks who fled the South after being emancipated (E) Southern governments that refused to accept the Thirteenth Amendment. 247. Andrew Johnson was impeached because (A) Southerners were opposed to his radical Reconstruction policies (B) he failed to enforce federal law in combating the KKK (C) he was involved in the assassination of President Lincoln (D) his administration was involved in a number of corrupt activities (E) he was an obstacle to the radical Republicans' Reconstruction plan. 248. In the election of 1876 (A) the Republicans swept the South (B) the contested election was decided by the Supreme Court (C) Tilden received more electoral votes but far fewer popular votes than Hayes (D) most white Southerners refused to vote (E) Republicans claimed that blacks had been denied the right to vote in several Southern states answer (E) Due to this claim, the election was thrown into turmoil. 249. Which of the following did NOT attempt to disenfranchise black voters? (A) Force Act (B) gerrymandering (C) literacy test (D) grandfather clause (E) poll tax. 250. Jim Crow laws (A) were ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court immediately following the end of the war (B) were designed to subordinate blacks (C) allowed for the integration of all public facilities (D) were passed by the radical Republicans (E) were designed to address the abuses of racist organizations such as the KKK and the Knights of the White Camellia. 251. Hiram Revels (A) was the leader of the radical Republicans in the House of Representatives (B) was head of the Freedmen's Bureau (C) was involved in a scandal which seriously damaged the Grant administration (D) was the first black American elected to Congress (E) was instrumental in organizing the KKK. 252. In the compromise that was reached by Republicans and Democrats over the impasse in the presidential election between Hayes and Tilden, (A) Tilden was given the presidency in return for selecting Republicans for every cabinet position in his administration (B) The radical Republicans agreed to disband if Hayes was given the presidency (C) Southerners generally voted for a third-party candidate (D) Hayes was given the presidency if the South agreed to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment (E) Hayes was given the presidency in return for the removal of federal troops from the South. 253. Andrew Carnegie's use of the vertical integration was significant in that it (A) synthesized the various immigrant labor groups into one cohesive productive force (B) led to substantial cooperation between industry and banking (C) stimulated competition in the steel industry (D) allowed a capitalist to control all aspects of the production process (E) ultimately led to the construction of massive steel factories in Pittsburgh. 254. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the impact that industrialization had on the American worker? (A) The standard of living for most workers had declined by the late nineteenth century. (B) The standard of living for most workers improved by the late nineteenth century, but workers had become mere mechanisms in the production process. (C) Many wage laborers ultimately saved enough of their salaries to start their own small businesses. (D) Most workers came to develop a lasting economic and social bond with their employers. (E) Most workers experienced ever higher wages and even greater control over what they produced. 255. In his "Gospel of Wealth" Andrew Carnegie articulated the view that (A) the wealthy were entitled to their riches and had no responsibility to share it with others (B) only those born into wealth were the real economic leaders of the nation (C) religious leaders had a responsibility to convince their parishioners that success was attainable to those who worked hard (D) capitalism and Christianity were intimately related in the progress of individuals and nations (E) the wealthy were morally obligated to use some of their wealth for the improvement of society. 256. By the late nineteenth century (A) the U.S. economy ranked fourth in the industrialized world (B) the United States had bypassed France and Germany industrial output but still lagged behind Great Britain (C) the U.S. economy had fallen to fourth in industrial output behind Britain, France, and Germany (D) the U.S. economy was producing as much as Britain, France, and Germany combined in many sectors (E) the U.S. economy had not grown significantly since the 1860s. 257. The Industrial Workers of the World differed from the other major trade unions in that (A) it sought to negotiate and mediate its differences with management (B) unlike the other unions, it disdained using boycotts and strikes against capital (C) its objective was to eliminate the private ownership of the means of production (D) it was recognized by capitalists as the legitimate bargaining agent of its members (E) it was outlawed by the U.S. government. 258. Which of the following would NOT be used by a supporter of the capitalist system as it existed in the Gilded Age? (A) Reform Darwinism (B) Social Darwinism (C) Russell Conwell's, "Acres of Diamonds" sermon (D) the novels of Horatio Alger (E) the perspective held by Herbert Spencer. 259. In order to promote the interests of labor, trade unions would support (A) the open shop (B) collective bargaining (C) subsistence wages (D) yellow-dog contracts (E) the closed shop. 260. The railroad strike of 1877 (A) was the first time a president ordered U.S. troops to stop a strike (B) led to significant wage increases for railroad workers (C) was the first time that management recognized the legitimacy of a trade union (D) was the only time in the nineteenth century that government sided with the strikers (E) led to significant improvements in worker safety laws but not wage increases. 261. This capitalist created U.S. Steel, the nation's first billion-dollar corporation (A) Andrew Carnegie (B) J. P. Morgan (C) "Big Bill" Haywood (D) Cornelius Vanderbilt (E) John D. Rockefeller 262. In United States v. E. C. Knight Company, the Supreme Court ruled that (A) trade unions that were on strike were in restraint of trade (B) monopolies such as the E.G. Knight Company were illegal combinations (C) since the company was involved in production and not commerce, it fell under state jurisdiction (D) monopolies were in restraint of trade (E) vertical integration was not in restraint of trade. 263. All of the following were political objectives of the Populists EXCEPT • (A) government ownership of major industries such as the railroads and telegraphs (B) replacing the fixed income tax with a graduated income tax (C) the free and unlimited coining of silver (D) direct election of U.S. senators (E) creating a national system of unemployment insurance. 264. William Jennings Bryan became the presidential candidate of both the Democrats and Populists in 1896 because of his support for (A) high protective tariffs to protect domestic industries (B) unlimited and free coinage of silver (C) nationalizing the railroad industry (D) policies that would unite poor black and white farmers (E) a single six-year term for presidents. 265. A major reason why McKinley was able to defeat Bryan in 1896 was (A) the Populists ultimately withdrew their support for Bryan (B) the Republicans were split between gold and silver advocates (C) American farmers experienced an increase in farm prices during the campaign (D) Bryan's repudiation of the silver cause during the campaign (E) most Democrats favored Cleveland over Bryan. 266. Coxey's Army (A) reflected discontent with the government's response to the depression in 1893 (B) was the military wing of the Populist party (C) was the name given to supporters of Jacob Coxey's candidacy for president in 1896 (D) were strong advocates of the gold standard (E) were Democrats who switched their political allegiance to the Republicans in the 1896 election. 267. Which of the following did the nation's farmers advocate in the late nineteenth century? (A) government should reduce farmers' costs by providing farmers with seed and farm implements (B) the government should privatize the railroads (C) a subTreasury system should be established that would allow farmers to sell their crops on the market when prices rose (D) the use of federal troops to ensure farmers' safety against private security agents hired by the railroads (E) a high protective tariff. 268. Which of the following did NOT lead to greater productivity by farmers in the late nineteenth century? (A) iron and steel plows (B) the use of new farm machinery, such as harvesters (C) improved cotton gins (D) greater specialization of agricultural production (E) the rates charged by grain elevator owners. 269. In which Supreme Court case did the Court rule that as long ' property was "devoted to public use," states could place regulations on the railroads for the good of the public? (A) Peik v. the Chicago and Northern Railway (B) Munn v. Illinois (C) Illinois v. Wabash (D) Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust (E) Dred Scott v. Sandford. 270. Which industry, more than any other, became the symbol and source of agrarian discontent in the post-Civil War period? (A) the insurance industry (B) companies that developed harvesters and combines (C) railway companies (D) telephone and telegraph companies (E) banks. 271. Which of the following groups was NOT identified with the Populist party? (A) supporters of the gold standard (B) anarchists (C) Knights of Labor (D) Grangers (E) Greenback party. 272. The Specie Resumption Act of 1875 (A) led to a dramatic increase in the amount of silver in the economy (B) was a compromise bill that allowed for an equal amount of gold and silver to be introduced into the economy each month (C) established the ratio of gold to greenbacks at 16:1 (D) removed all of the greenbacks from circulation (E) dramatically inflated currency, which led to a depression. 273. Which of the following took the lead in reforming the United States in the early twentieth century? (A) corporate leaders (B) the lower classes (C) the middle class (D) the House of Representatives (E) the conservative wing of the Republican Party. 274. Which one of the following presidents is NOT associated with a major reform movement in the twentieth century? (A) Warren Harding (B) Woodrow Wilson (C) Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) Lyndon Johnson (E) Theodore Roosevelt. 275. This muckraking novel addressed the abuses that occurred in Chicago's meatpacking industry (A) The Octopus (B) How the Other Half Lives (C) Shame of the Cities (D) The Jungle (E) The History of the Standard Oil Company. 276. Which one of the following did NOT divide the Republican party on the eve of the 1912 election? (A) the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy (B) Taft's antitrust suit against U.S. Steel (C) the progressive wing's advocacy for black rights (D) the Speaker of the House controversy (E) the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. 277. Which Supreme Court case decision made the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act unconstitutional? (A) Lochner v. New York (B) Hammer v. Dagenhart (C) Muller v. Oregon (D) Northern Securities v. U.S. (E) Adkins v. Children's Hospital. 278. This constitutional amendment provided for a federal income tax. (A) Fourteenth (B) Fifteenth (C) Sixteenth (D) Seventeenth (E) Eighteenth. 279. Marcus Garvey (A) was head of the Federal Reserve System in the early twentieth century (B) was a powerful Speaker of the House in the early twentieth century (C) advocated for equal rights for women, including the right to vote (D) was a reformminded senator from Wisconsin who made his state a model of reform (E) was a black leader whose nationalist movement advocated a return to Africa for the nation's exploited black population. 280. Which one of the following did NOT occur during Woodrow Wilson's presidency? (A) Federal Trade Commission , (B) Federal Reserve Act (C) Clayton Anti-Trust Act (D) Department of Commerce and Labor (E) Underwood Tariff. 281. The Socialist party of America (A) opposed civil rights legislation (B) supported government ownership of utility companies (C) was led by Booker T. Washington (D) was eventually absorbed into the conservative wing of the Republican party (E) advocated for the creation of the Federal Reserve System. 282. The Salvation Army is identified with (A) the women's rights crusade (B) the black civil rights movement (C) the social gospel movement (D) trade unions (E) the conservation movement. 283. Which of the following was NOT a cause of World War I? (A) imperialism (B) militarism (C) secret military alliances (D) the Russian Revolution (E) nationalism. 284. Which of the following was a member of the Central Powers? (A) Germany (B) France (C) Britain (D) Italy (E) United States. 285. The spark that ignited World War I was (A) the Zimmerman note (B) the assassination of the Austrian heir to the throne by a Serb nationalist (C) Germany's ultimatum to Serbia (D) the sinking of the Lusitania (E) the sinking of the Sussex. 286. In the Zimmerman note (A) Germany offered to compensate the United States for the American lives lost in the Lusitania sinking (B) the United States agreed not to intervene in the war if Germany halted its sinking of neutral shipping (C) the Germans agreed to help the Russian Bolsheviks overthrow the tsar of Russia (D) the United States secretly agreed to supply the Allies with war supplies in return for concessions following the war (E) the Germans promised to restore to Mexico the land it lost in the MexicanAmerican War in return for a military alliance with Germany. 287. In the Sussex pledge (A) Germany promised to cease sinking passenger ships without warning or care for the passengers (B) Germany promised to resume U-boat attacks on neutral shipping if the United States continued to supply the Allies (C) President Wilson promised the Allies that the United States would halt all U.S. trade with Germany (D) the Germans promised to stop using U-boats to attack Allied warships and merchant ships (E) the United States agreed not to arm its merchant fleet. 288. In the U.S. Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States, the Court ruled that (A) the government could prohibit U.S. citizens from traveling on ships of nations at war (B) conscientious objectors could not be forced to serve in the U.S. military (C) the government was not obligated to protect the lives or property of those American citizens who opposed the war (D) the Espionage Act of 1917 was constitutional (E) the American Socialist party represented a clear and present danger to the United States. 289. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Treaty of Versailles? (A) Germany would be occupied by France and Britain for twenty years. (B) Germany would provide France with coal for fifteen years. (C) Germany would pay reparations to the Allies. (D) Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France. (E) Germany would be demilitarized. 290. Which of the following was an international agreement designed to outlaw war? (A) the Five-Power Naval Treaty (B) the Treaty of Versailles (C) the Kellogg-Briand Pact (D) the Four-Power Treaty (E) the Sussex pledge. 291. The same year (1917) that the United States entered World War I on the Allied side, this Allied power dropped out of the war: (A) Britain (B) France (C) Italy (D) Belgium (E) Russia. 292. The Dawes Plan and the Young Plan (A) increased U.S. financial aid to South America (B) repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? (C) assisted Germany with its reparations payments (D) provided for Filipino independence (E) placed significant limitations on the role the United States : would play in the League of Nations. 293. Which of the following was NOT an underlying cause of the Great Depression? (A) underconsumption (B) the effects of World War I (C) the fragility of the banking system (D) the vastly unequal distribution of wealth (E) inadequate capital investment. 294. The Mellon tax plan (A) helped lift the nation out of the Great Depression (B) was adopted by FDR as a remedy for underconsumption (C) distributed wealth evenly between the nation's social classes (D) led to underconsumption and wild speculation in the stock market (E) was instituted to pay for the enormous cost of the New Deal agencies. 295. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff (A) facilitated improved trade relations between the United States and its trade partners (B) reduced the tax on imported industrial goods, thus hurting American industry (C) was the highest tariff in the nation's history, and an underlying cause of the Great Depression (D) was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court (E) was vetoed by Roosevelt, but passed by Congress over his veto. 296. Which of the following is NOT associated with Hoover's ideology in regards to addressing the problems created by the collapse of the economy in 1929? (A) deficit spending (B) localism (C) voluntarism (D) laissez-faire (E) rugged individualism. 297. Which opponent of FDR introduced an alternative to the New Deal in the form of an Old Age Revolving Pension Plan? (A) Herbert Hoover (B) Huey Long (C) Calvin Coolidge (D) Father Coughlin (E) Francis Townsend. 298. Which of the following programs was instituted by President Hoover? . (A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (B) Home Owners Loan Corporation (C) going off the gold standard (D) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (E) Tennessee Valley Authority. 299. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled this New Deal agency unconstitutional in the 1930s. (A) Home Owners Loan Corporation (B) Tennessee Valley Authority (C) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (D) National Industrial Recovery Act (E) Federal Housing Administration. 300. In order to address the problem of rampant speculation in the stock market FDR (A) closed the stock exchange for four days (B) placed a limit on how much money an individual or company could invest in the stock market (C) established the Securities and Exchange Commission (D) set a ceiling on how high the price of a stock could go (E) established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 301. FDR's goal to reorganize the federal judiciary (A) provided him the opportunity to replace conservative judges who had been appointed by the previous administration (B) was achieved, but it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court (C) allowed him to bypass the judiciary when considering new programs and agencies (D) was described by angry critic as "court packing" (E) was intended to give more power to the states. 302. The Social Security Act (A) was designed to provide assistance to the agrarian sector of the economy (B) employed musicians; artists, actors, and writers (C) provided assistance to the elderly and handicapped and to dependent women and children (D) established codes of conduct for corporations and unions (E) allowed workers to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. 301. Which of the following is NOT associated with the Axis Powers? (A) Hitler (B) Mussolini (C) Japan (D) Franco (E) Italy. 302. In the Munich Conference (A) Hitler agreed to form an alliance with Italy and Japan (B) the Big Three agreed to demand unconditional surrender from the Germans and Japanese (C) Britain and France gave in to Hitler's territorial demands (D) the United States promised Germany that it would remain neutral in the war (E) the Nazis worked out the details of the Final Solution. 303. Which future Allied nation provided support to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War? (A) United States (B) Britain (C) France (D) China (E) Soviet Union. 304. The America First Committee (A) was strongly in favor of providing economic assistance to Britain, but opposed military aid (B) believed the United States should enter the war only if its ships were attacked by German submarines (C) was strongly in favor of the assistance President Roosevelt gave to the British (D) believed "cash and carry" would not jeopardize American neutrality (E) strongly opposed U.S. intervention in the war. 305. At which conference did the Big Three FIRST meet? (A) Casablanca (B) Munich (C) Potsdam (D) Yalta (E) Teheran. 306. In the Panay incident (A) the Japanese sank a U.S. gunboat on patrol in China (B) the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Seventh Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (C) Japan invaded China (D) the Japanese government agreed not to invade China in return for territorial concessions in Southeast Asia (E) Chinese troops attacked the Japanese embassy in China. 307. The Stimson Doctrine (A) was widely condemned by the America First Committee (B) stated that the United States would not recognize Japan's puppet government in China (C) implied that the United States would not challenge Soviet influence in Eastern Europe (D) declared that the United States would sink German submarines on sight (E) stated that the United States would seek unconditional surrender terms from Japan and Germany. 308. When President Roosevelt stated that this event was "a date which will live in infamy," he was referring to: (A) the D-Day landing (B) the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan (C) the beginning of the Holocaust (D) the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor (E) Germany's invasion of Poland. 309. In order to establish a new Italian empire, Mussolini ordered his military to invade (A) Poland (B) France (C) Belgium (D) Ethiopia (E) Egypt. 310. The Manhattan Project was a top-secret plan (A) to prevent Japan from acquiring raw materials necessary for the expansion of its military (B) devised by the Nazis to eliminate Europe's Jews (C) by the United States to develop the atom bomb (D) that led to the formation of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (E) that culminated in the Allies' D-Day landing. 311. President Reagan's nominations of Justices Scalia, O'Connor, and Kennedy to the Supreme Court (A) was warmly supported by Democrats in Congress (B) failed to win the approval of the Senate (C) reveal his attempt to make the Supreme Court more conservative (D) indicated to many Americans his moderate stance on constitutional issues (E) ultimately backfired, as the three justices were far more liberal than was Reagan. 312. A stimulus to postwar prosperity was (A) the spending habits of Americans as more consumer items became available (B) the significant cuts in the military budget made by Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy (C) the purchasing power of millions of women who entered the work force at war's end (D) the elimination of the income tax (E) the elimination of foreign competition in most industries. 313. Which U.S. president is associated with the Fair Deal? (A) Franklin Roosevelt (B) Harry Truman (C) Dwight Eisenhower (D) John Kennedy (E) Lyndon Johnson. 314. The Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade dealt with (A) voting rights (B) environmental protection laws (C) reproductive rights (D) Social Security benefits (E) federal funding for welfare programs. 315. In the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (A) the Court reaffirmed the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 (B) the Court affirmed voting rights of all citizens in accordance with the Fifteenth Amendment (C) black Americans were outraged by the Court's support for segregation (D) segregation was ruled unconstitutional (E) the Court ruled that the federal government was not responsible for integrating facilities and institutions. 316. The National Defense Education Act (A) was passed during the administration of Lyndon Johnson (B) was designed in response to Soviet advancements in aeronautics (C) significantly increased the federal aid to military research programs (D) gave the president the power to declare war without Congress's approval when the nation is being threatened with attack (E) appropriated billions of dollars for developing peaceful uses for nuclear energy. 317. The Taft-Hartley Act (A) helped fund the construction of schools and hospitals in economically depressed areas (B) provided billions in federal aid to communities faced with serious environmental problems (C) helped to fund the Medicare program (D) was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that the federal government could withhold funds from states that refused to integrate (E) placed serious restrictions on the rights and powers of labor unions. 318. In which of the following events did the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. play a significant role? (A) the integration of the University of Alabama (B) the integration of the University of Mississippi (C) the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott (D) ending segregation in the military (E) the formation of the Black Panthers. 319. Which postwar president is most associated with business deregulation? (A) Harry Truman (B) Dwight Eisenhower (C) Gerald Ford (D) Jimmy Carter (E) Ronald Reagan. 320. Which of the following challenged President Truman in his bid for election in 1948? (A) northern Democrats who believed his integration of the military had been premature (B) corporate interests who wanted believed Truman was pro-union and antibusiness (C) northern liberals who opposed his Fair Deal (D) southerners who were opposed to his civil rights policies (E) black Americans who had grown tired of the Democrats' social programs. 321. Which of the following is NOT associated with Lyndon Johnson's presidency? (A) the Medicare Act (B) Appalachian Regional Development Act (C) Voting Rights Act (D) the Twenty-fourth Amendment (E) supply-side economics. 322. An objective of the Marshall Plan was to (A) provide military assistance to the Chinese Nationalists (B) limit the nuclear stockpiles of the United States and Soviet Union (C) rebuild West European nations that had been devastated during the war (D) roll back communism in Eastern Europe (E) divide Korea into two separate nations, one communist the other noncommunist. 323. Joseph McCarthy (A) was commander of U.N. forces in Korea (B) was successful in exposing thousands of communist sympathizers in the U.S. government (C) was a congressman who strongly opposed U.S. intervention in Vietnam (D) is associated with the second red scare in the 1940s and 1950s (E) was arrested and executed for revealing U.S. nuclear secrets to the Soviets. 324. Which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council? (A) Germany (B) France (C) Britain (D) United States (E) China. 325. In order to prevent the Soviets from placing nuclear missiles in Cuba, President Kennedy (A) threatened to strike Moscow with U.S. intercontinental ballistic missiles (B) imposed a trade embargo on Cuba (C) appealed to the U.N. to send combat troops to Cuba (D) placed a naval quarantine around Cuba (E) agreed to remove U.S. missiles from Europe. 326. The Korean War (A) ended in a stalemate (B) resulted in the first successful attempt by the United States to contain communism in Asia (C) was a direct cause of the Chinese Civil War (D) ended when the U.N. sent peacekeeping forces to the Korean Peninsula (E) is the only example of U.S.-Soviet cooperation in the immediate post-World War II period. 327. Which U.S. president advocated the development of a satellite-based defensive system known as Strategic Defense Initiative? (A) Truman (B) Eisenhower (C) Kennedy (D) Johnson (E) Reagan. 328. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution (A) was passed by the U.N. authorizing the United States to send combat troops to Vietnam (B) was passed by Congress giving President Johnson unlimited powers to wage war in Vietnam (C) ended hostilities in Korea (D) stated that the United States would not intervene in the Chinese Civil War (E) recognized the Viet Minh as the legitimate government in Vietnam. 329. President Nixon authorized a military coup that toppled the popularly elected government of Salvador Allende in (A) Guatemala (B) Hungary (C) El Salvador (D) Chile (E) Mexico. 330. President Reagan's administration illegally circumvented ' Congress's Boland Amendment in order to (A) secretly fund Nicaragua's Contras (B) increase the U.S. nuclear stockpile (C) undermine Mikhail Gorbachev's reformist government (D) purchase arms for the Chinese Nationalists (E) invade Panama. 331. In order to prevent communist forces from toppling the governments of Greece and Turkey, the United States (A) sent combat troops to both nations at the end of World War II (B) initiated the Truman Doctrine (C) imposed a trade embargo on both nations (D) initiated the Marshall Plan (E) established NATO. 1. Which of the following was NOT a key advantage of England over her European rivals Spain and France for hegemony in the New World? (A) They invented the joint stock company which limited liability of investors (B) The English Royal Navy (C) Naval and military technological developments (D) A greater opportunity for immigrants better themselves in the New World (E) The greater population and resources of the British Isles. 2. Which of the following was NOT a result of the Great Awakening in 18th Century colonial America? (A) A majority of colonial Americans came to share a common understanding of the Christian faith and life. (B) Religious dissent and dissenters enjoyed greater respect than ever before (C) Most evangelicals denounced slavery as sinful, and at the first General Conference of Methodism, slave holding was viewed as grounds for immediate expulsion from the society. (D) Puritan theology and society was strengthened. (E) The emphasis of mans equality before God stimulated the idea of political and social equality. 3. Although there were several “Tea Parties” in the British colonies in 1773, notably in New York, Charleston and Delaware, King George III chose to single out Boston for the Coercive Acts because (A) Although it was the last of the “incidents,” it was the most violent of the several demonstrations in terms of loss of life and property. (B) Boston had consistently taken the lead in opposing the Crown’s earlier attempts to tax and govern the colonies. (C) New York was too valuable a port to lose for any length of time (D) The King had a particular dislike for George Washington and Thomas Jefferson who were generally believed to have instigated the event (E) The King and the Ministry believed that Boston would be the easiest to use to show that the Crown would not permit such criminality. 4. The strongest opponent that the Anti-Federalists produced in opposition to the ratification of the Constitution was _________________. (A) James Madison (B) Thomas Jefferson (C) Benjamin Franklin (D) John Adams (E) Patrick Henry 5. Which of the following is NOT true? (A) Jeffersonians, for the most part, were artisans, shopkeepers, frontier settlers, or owners of small farms in the interior regions of the South and West. (B) Hamiltonians believed that the Federal Government should foster business and contribute to the growth of capitalistic enterprise. (C) Jeffersonians felt that a national debt was good for the nation, that the debt would bind the nation together. (D) Hamiltonians wanted the United States to break official bonds with France and tie itself closely to Britain. (E) Jeffersonians favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution to limit the powers of the central government and conserve state rights. 6. The above painting depicts the work of a group of artists known as the _______________. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Impressionists Rationalists Hudson River School Post Impressionists Ash Can School. 7. Andrew Jackson was rated as a “Near Great” President by the Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. survey in 1948. Which of the following issues of the Jackson Era MOST detracts from Jackson place in history? (A) Jackson’s war on the Bank of the United States (B) The Cherokee Indian Removal Policy (C) The Panic of 1837 (D) Passage of the Force Bill and the Tariff of 1833 (E) Veto of the Maysville Road Bill 8. Which of the following Presidents failed to win a majority of the popular vote but won the Presidency? (A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Rutherford B. Hayes (C) Woodrow Wilson (D) Benjamin Harrison (E) All of these 9. President Abraham Lincoln used a “pocket veto” to dispose of the Wade-Davis Bill in May of 1864. Which of the following would have been the MOST LIKELY outcome for the United States if the bill had passed? (A) The South would have been encouraged to resist through guerilla warfare even when her armies had been defeated. (B) John Wilkes Booth would not have assassinated President Lincoln. (C) Lincoln would have been defeated soundly in the fall elections. (D) The South would have seen the futility of further resistance and surrender would have come much sooner than it did. (E) All of these. 10. Which of the following has NOT been argued to justify a protective tariff in the long course of American history? (A) In America that new, or "infant," industries need protection against wellestablished foreign competition that might deliberately seek to destroy American competition by price cutting. (B) Labor unions within protected industries argue that American labor needs continued protection against the competition of goods produced by low-paid workers abroad. (C) The argument of self-sufficiency says that America must be able to produce essential goods within its own boundaries because of the possibility of foreign sources being cut off in wartime (D) Tariffs promote monopolies and that they give an indirect subsidy to protected industries at the expense of American consumer. (E) America has a high standard of living within the large free trade area of the fifty states; the whole world could raise its standards of consumption similarly by removing trade barriers. 11. The cartoonist, Dick Wright of the Providence Dispatch is satirizing ___________ and ___________ (A) The Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev (B) The Democratic technique of using threats to boost the defense spending (C) Jimmy Carter’s free trade policies (D) Gerald Ford’s Whip Inflation Now program (E) Soviet intransigence at the Geneva Convention Talks. Westward Expansion and Jackson Era 39. It seemed that following the War of 1812 the country was swept by a wave of (A) internationalism (B) hatred for Canada (C) nationalism (D) defeatism (E) rebellions. 40. Which of the following wasn't a court precedent established by John Marshall and the Supreme Court? (A) the Supreme Court could declare state laws unconstitutional (B) the national Supreme Court higher in authority than the state Supreme Courts (C) a congressional act can be declared unconstitutional (D) that Congress had the power to declare war (E) a state cannot impair the obligations of a contract of law. 41. Clay's "American System" was proposed as a means of (A) annexing new territory (B) combating socialism (C) developing independency through tariff laws (D) setting up a state church (E) developing a system of Americanizing immigrants. 42. As a result of John Marshall's decisions the Federal government's powers (A) decreased (B) increased (C) were unaffected (D) were increased only in time of national crisis (E) were decreased in time of national crisis. 43. Following the War of 1812 national unity was exemplified in all the following except (A) the establishment of a Second National Bank (B) the era of good feeling (C) high tariffs (D) the building of roads at government expense (E) existence of only one political party. 44. East Florida was acquired by purchase from (A) France (B) Russia (C) England (D) Holland (E) Spain. 45. The following are results of the Missouri Compromise except (A) Missouri admitted as a free state (B) Maine admitted as a free state (C) most of the Louisiana Territory would come into the Union as free territory (D) north of line 36 degrees and 30 minutes would be free (E) kept number of free and slave states exactly even. 46. The West advocated all of the following except (A) high tariff rates (B) protection against Indians (C) internal improvements (D) cheap currency (E) cheap land. 47. The Monroe Doctrine was first stated in a (A) treaty with Latin America (B) treaty with Spain (C) presidential message to Congress (D) joint resolution from Congress (E) treaty with Russia. 48. The following are true facts related to the Monroe Doctrine except (A) America for the Americans (B) we were afraid that Spain and some other European countries might set up new governments in the Americas (C) doctrine stated that the Americas remained open for further colonization only to the United States and Great Britain (D) we wouldn't meddle in European affairs (E) immediate consequences were slight; long range consequences were important. 49. The British Prime Minister who wished to make a joint statement with the United States warning the Holy Alliance not to intervene in the Americas was (A) Richard Rush (B) William Pitt (C) Alexander Baring (D) Lord Ashburton (E) George Canning. 50. Which of the following wasn't a diplomatic settlement accomplished during Monroe's administration? (A) acquired Oregon Territory from Britain (B) an agreement with Russia on the Southern boundary of Alaska (C) fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador (D) acquired East Florida (E) treaty settled Canadian-U.S. boundary between Lake of Woods to Rocky Mountains. 51. An early leader for public schools was (A) Alice Grimke (B) Samuel Slater (C) James Oberlin (D) James Harvard (E) Horace Mann. 52. The following are reasons why most New Englanders were against a liberal policy in the sale of public lands except (A) the growth of the West would weaken the political power of the East (B) the demand for Eastern manufactured goods would be decreased (C) they feared a number of immigrants would leave the Eastern labor supply and migrate west (D) they would have immediate industrial competition (E) the Federalist party would lose power in Congress. 53. Jackson had won recognition before he was elected president chiefly because he had been (A) a governor (B) a senator (C) a lawyer (D) an ambassador (E) a general. 54. The election of Jackson in 1828 indicated (A) the growing strength of the West (B) the tremendous strength of the Whig party (C) the growing strength of the Industrial party of the United States (D) the emergence of Hamiltonian philosophy (E) rebirth of the Federalist party. 55. The following statements are true about Jackson except (A) a typical backwoodsman (B) was more in sympathy with the West than with the East (C) a man with dignity and political experience (D) performed like an Eastern aristocrat (E) was blunt in speech and quick to act. 56. The new political party that arose from the 1828 election was the (A) Republican party (B) Democratic-Republican party (C) Democratic party (D) National-Republican party (E) Federalist party. 57. In 1828 Jackson received support from all of the following except the (A) West (B) Eastern laborers in industrial plants (C) South (D) frontier men (E) "well-bred". 58. The following are true statements about Jackson except (A) practiced "spoils system" (B) had faith in the common man (C) had little respect for the check and balance system of Congress and Supreme Court (D) supported the Eastern industrialists (E) favored state banks over a national bank. 59. Westerners opposed the Bank of the United States because they (A) feared inflation (B) believed that the wealthy people benefited most (C) believed that the bank benefited the debtor class (D) couldn't borrow money (E) disliked cheap currency. 60. The leader of a slave uprising in Virginia in 1831 was (A) John Brown (B) Lloyd Garrison (C) Wendell Phillips (D) Dred Scott (E) Nat Turner. 61. The following would be reasons for the panic of 1837 except (A) state banks became lax in their issuance of notes (B) Federal government insisted on payment for western lands by gold or silver (C) overexpansion of credit (D) a great number of worthless state banks (E) the chartering of a new national bank. 62. Probably the greatest of all Supreme Court justices that served during this time was (A) Robert Jackson (B) Charles Evans Hughes (C) John Jay (D) Earl Warren (E) John Marshall. 63. Which of the following is not correctly associated? (A) Simon Bolivar — South American independence (B) Henry Clay — Missouri Compromise (C) Eli Whitney cotton gin (D) Nicholas Biddle — Second Bank of the United States (E) John Marshall — States Rights champion. 64. One of the chief causes of the panic of 1837 was the (A) building of factories (B) over speculation in Western land (C) shortage of paper money (D) elimination of western frontier (E) war with England. 65. In the Webster-Hayne debates Hayne would have been presenting all the following views except (A) states were independent sovereignties (B) each state was the final interpreter of its responsibilities (C) the central government was gaining too much power (D) the national government was supreme (E) the states could nullify federal laws. 66. The President that was elected in 1840 was (A) Henry Clay (B) Martin Van Buren (C) William H. Harrison (D) James Monroe (E) John Q. Adams. 67. The following were all candidates for the presidency in 1824 except (A) Henry Clay (B) John Q. Adams (C) Andrew Jackson (D) William H. Crawford (E) Richard M. Johnson. Expansion Sectionalism and War 31. The first temporary settlement of the dispute over the extension of slavery in the United States was (A) the Tariff of Abominations (B) the Kansas-Nebraska Act (C) the Freeport Doctrine (D) the Missouri Compromise (E) the Compromise of 1850. 32. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established the Northwest boundary between Canada and the United States at the (A) 38th parallel (B) 45th parallel (C) 49th parallel (D) 54th parallel (E) 56th parallel. 33. He became President upon Zachary Taylor's death in 1850: (A) James K. Polk (B) Franklin Pierce (C) Andrew Johnson (D) James Buchanan (E) Millard Fillmore. 34. The Kansas-Nebraska Act provided for the idea known as (A) free soil (B) fiftyfour forty or fight (C) popular sovereignty (D) the underground railroad (E) freeport doctrine. 35. The Compromise of 1850 provided for all of the following except (A) California should be admitted as a free state (B) the formation of a new fugitive slave law which would have the national government help return runaway slaves (C) the Mexican territory area with the exception of California would be open to both slave and free settlers (D) the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia (E) Texas would give up her claim to New Mexico Territory in return for a payment by the federal government. 36. The Dred Scott decision was important because (A) the Supreme Court ruled that Congress couldn't constitutionally restrict slavery (B) it deprived Scott's owner of his own property (C) it forbade slavery from ever existing in any new territory acquired by the United States (D) it caused the secession of the Southern states (E) the Supreme Court opened up a judicial route to freeing slaves. 37. Which one of the following items did not have the effect of stirring up resentment against slavery? (A) William Lloyd Garrison and the Liberator (B) Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin (C) publications of the Liberty Party (D) t>~ Atlanta Journal (E) the New York Tribune. 38. The most important of the Lincoln-Douglas debates took place at (A) Washington (B) Springfield (C) St. Louis (D) Chicago (E) Freeport. 39. Which of the following was not a leading cause of the Civil War? (A) national supremacy over state governments (B) industrial vs. agricultural interests (C) slavery (D) communism vs. democracy (E) the tariff question. 40. The capitol of the Southern Confederacy was located at (A) Richmond Virginia (B) Atlanta Georgia (C) Shiloh Tennessee (D) Charleston South Carolina (E) Jackson Mississippi. 41. The first President of the Confederacy was (A) Robert E. Lee (B) Andrew Johnson (C) John C. Calhoun (D) William T. Sherman (E) Jefferson Davis. 42. The first state to secede from the Union was (A) Mississippi (B) Maryland (C) Texas (D) Alabama (E) South Carolina. 43. The Trent Affair pertained to (A) a major battle which was fought on the boundary line between the states of Maryland and Virginia (B) a traitorous act committed by a Northerner at Trent New Jersey (C) the turning point of the war in the South (D) a British ship that was stopped on the high seas by the United States Navy which took into custody two Southern envoys (E) an argument between President Lincoln and his general George McClellan. 44. The Monitor and the Merrimac were (A) famous newspapers of the Civil War period (B) famous battle sites (C) the first ironclads in combat (D) towns in Virginia (E) two famous English cruisers sold to the South. 45. Which of the following was not a Southern military leader of the Civil War? (A) Pierre Beauregard (B) George B. McClellan (C) Robert E. Lee (D) General Stonewall Jackson (E) J.E. Johnston. 46. Which of the following was not an important effect of the Civil War? (A) the elimination of the States' Rights problems (B) an impoverished South (C) an industrial thriving Northern economy (D) re-established the supremacy of the national government over the states (E) right to secede discredited. 47. The Republican Congress did not go along with Lincoln's reconstruction policy because (A) they believed Lincoln's plan aided France (B) they wanted to punish the South (C) they thought Lincoln's plan would give too much control to the Republican party (D) they thought that Lincoln's plan was too strict (E) they felt Lincoln's plan freed too many slaves all at once. 48. Manifest Destiny was (A) belief that God would protect the U.S. from losing a war (B) the belief that God had created the Negro race for slavery (C) the belief that the Southern States were destined to be independent (D) the belief that God had destined the U.S. to be the greatest and most powerful nation on earth (E) the belief that the U.S. flag was destined by God to fly from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 49. Four slave states (border states) did not secede from the Union. Which of the following was not one of the four? (A) Missouri (B) Kentucky (C) Maryland (D) Arkansas (E) Delaware. 50. The most serious draft riot during the Civil War occurred in this city: (A) Washington D.C. (B) Cleveland (C) Richmond (D) Chicago (E) New York. 51. The Secretary of State who was instrumental in the purchase of Alaska was (A) William H. Seward (B) Horatio Seymour (C) Henry Clay (D) Edwin M. Stanton (E) Lewis Cass. 52. Which of the following was not part of the Union's strategy for winning the Civil War? (A) to station vessels of war in front of all Southern ports (B) to gain the armed help of Britain and France (C) to attack and take Richmond (D) to open the lower Mississippi (E) to break through the Confederate line in the West march an army to the Atlantic and thence northward to Virginia. 53. Which of the following was not nominated for President in the election of 1860? (A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Stephen A. Douglas (C) John C. Breckenridge (D) John Bell (E) George B. McClellan. 54. All of the following were advantages that the North had over the South at the beginning of the Civil War except (A) a larger population (B) larger and more developed industries (C) better military leaders (D) superior transportation facilities (E) control of the navy and a large part of the merchant marine. First Semester Exam 37. Which of the following countries was the first to explore in the New World? (A) France (B) England (C) Holland (D) Sweden (E) Spain. 38. The Spanish explored and established colonies in the Americas chiefly to (A) escape wars and persecution at home (B) gain wealth adventure and power (C) find an outlet for surplus population (D) destroy English power in the New World (E) find a more democratic place to live. 39. The discovery of the Americas by Columbus was (A) accidental (B) deliberate (C) planned by Queen Isabella (D) outlined by Prince Henry (E) predicted by Columbus. 40. The defeat of the Spanish Armada was most important to America because it (A) gave England control of the sea and secured for her freedom to colonize (B) demonstrated the superiority of English seamanship (C) gave Drake and other English sea-dogs a free hand to seize and capture Spanish ships (D) ended the Spanish empire in the Americas (E) gave England complete control of North and South America. 41. Which of the following men discovered the Pacific Ocean by crossing the isthmus of Panama? (A) Cabot (B) Da Gama (C) Pizarro (D) Diaz (E) Balboa. 42. The first attempt by the English to make a permanent settlement was at (A) Roanoke Island (B) Quebec (C) Montreal (D) St. Augustine (E) Plymouth. 43. The first permanent English settlement was at (A) Jamestown (B) Plymouth (C) St. Augustine (D) New Mexico (E) Quebec. 44. The English established colonies in America for all the following reasons except (A) economic strife in England (B) to escape religious persecution (C) to search for riches (D) to please the Pope (E) to escape political persecution. 45. Which of the following men is known as the author of the Declaration of Independence? (A) James Madison (B) Patrick Henry (C) George Washington (D) Alexander Hamilton (E) Thomas Jefferson. 46. The Land Ordinance of 1785 was most important because it (A) gave to the United States control over the Ohio Valley (B) surveyed the Northwest territory into townships (C) gave settlers in the Ohio Valley seats in Congress (D) gave to each Indian 80 acres and a mule (E) provided that the Ohio Valley settlers would decide if there would be slavery-squatter sovereignty. 47. A confederation would be (A) a strong central government (B) a weak central government (C) a government in which there would not be a central government (D) a government in which there would not be any state governments (E) a government of unlimited national powers. 48. The Constitution divides the powers of the federal government among the three branches chiefly to (A) prevent any person or group of persons from getting too much power (B) make taxation easier (C) restrict the powers of the federal government (D) insure a perfect government (E) insure that at least one branch will always be operative. 49. Which of the following is often called the "father of the Constitution" and was president during the War of 1812? (A) Thomas Jefferson (B) John Adams (C) James Monroe (D) John Q. Adams (E) James Madison. 50. The Constitution has grown by the addition of (A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 26 (D) 32 (E) 33 amendments. 51. The first political parties in the United States were the (A) Federalists and the Whigs (B) Democrats and the Free Soilers (C) Democrat-Republicans and the Federalists (D) Republicans and the Democrats (E) Democrats and the Whigs. 52. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Washington-Adams administration? (A) wealthy aristocrats ruled (B) common men worked with the aristocrats in government (C) few were qualified to vote (D) undemocratic in terms of our present democracy (E) the Federalist party's policies were generally favored. 53. Which of the following men favored the broadest interpretation of the Constitution? (A) John C. Calhoun (B) Andrew Jackson (C) Thomas Jefferson (D) Roger B. Taney (E) Alexander Hamilton. 54. Which of the following contributed most to the spirit of nationalism and to a strong national government? (A) John Marshall (B) Jefferson Davis (C) Thomas Jefferson (D) Roger B. Taney (E) John C. Calhoun. 55. The Treaty of Ghent indicated that in the War of 1812 (A) the United States won a decisive . victory (B) Britain won a decisive victory (C) neither side won a decisive victory (D) neither country wanted to fight (E) the United States needed Great Britain's trade to survive. 56. The Monroe Doctrine has served as a corner-stone for American (A) economic policy (B) foreign policy (C) politics (D) policy of separation of church and state (E) sectionalism. 57. Which of the following presidents was the son of our second president and was elected in the favorite sons campaign of 1824 after serving as Secretary of State? (A) James Madison (B) James Monroe (C) Andrew Jackson (D) John Q. Adams (E) William Henry Harrison. 58. Which of the following presidents was known as "old Hickory" and was a champion of the common man? (A) Andrew Jackson (B) Benjamin Harrison (C) James K. Polk (D) Zachary Taylor (E) William Henry Harrison. 59. "Manifest destiny" was a term applied to a policy of (A) high tariffs (B) internal improvements (C) territorial expansion (D) abolition of slavery (E) sectionalism. 60. With the election of (A) George Washington (B) John Quincy Adams (C) Andrew Jackson (D) Abraham Lincoln (E) James K. Polk the present day Democratic party elected its first president 61. Which of the following men would not be a strong advocate of states' rights? (A) John C. Calhoun (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Jefferson Davis (D) John C. Breckinridge (E) Roger B. Taney. 62. As one looks at the period from 1789 to 1868 the most credit for democratic reforms should be given to the presidency of (A) Washington (B) John Adams (C) Jefferson (D) Jackson (E) Lincoln. 63. During the presidency of (A) James Monroe (b James Madison (C) William Harrison (D) James K. Polk (E) Millard Fillmore the United State: reoccupied the Oregon territory and re-annexed Texas. 64. Which of the following items was not a proposec attempt to solve the slavery problem? (a Missouri Compromise of 1820 (B) Ostenc Manifesto (C) the Compromise of 1850 (D) the Kansas-Nebraska Bill (E) the three-fifth; Compromise. 65. With the election of (A) Thomas Jefferson (b John Q. Adams (C) Andrew Jackson (D) James K. Polk (E) Abraham Lincoln the present da> Republican party elected its first president. 66. Which of the following men was president of the United States at the time that the Confederate States adopted a permanent constitution? (a. James K. Polk (B) Andrew Johnson (C) James Buchanan (D) Millard Fillmore (E) Abraham Lincoln. 67. Which of the following men was considered by many authorities as the greatest military strategist that the War Between the States produced? (a. Robert E. Lee (B) Stonewall Jackson (c' William T. Sherman (D) Ulysses S. Grant (e! George B. McClellan. Becoming a World Power 31. All of the following are causes of the Spanish-American War except (A) Spain was anxious to have war with the United States (B) the sinking of the Maine (C) the Spanish government had been cruel to the natives of Cuba (D) many American businessmen wanted a stable government in Cuba to protect business interests (E) the "jingo" press branded the DeLome Letter an insult to America's honor. 32. Most of the fighting in the Spanish American War occurred in (A) Cuba and Spain (B) Puerto Rico and Guam (C) Cuba and Hawaii (D) Manila and Hawaii (E) Cuba and Manila. 33. By the treaty of peace ending the Spanish-American War the United States acquired the following islands from Spain: (A) the Philippines Virgin and Cuba (B) the Philippines Puerto Rico and Cuba (C) the Philippines Wake and Cuba (D) the Philippines Guam and Cuba (E) the Philippines Guam and Puerto Rico. 34. Part of the indemnity paid to the United States as a result of the Boxer Rebellion was returned and used to (A) send Chinese to American colleges (B) support American missionaries in China (C) expand China's economic resources (D) fight Americans in Korea (E) support American expansion in China. 35. The Treaty which gave to the United States a perpetual lease on a strip of land across Panama was the (A) Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (B) Hay-Bunau-Varilla (C) ClaytonBulwer (D) Hay-Herran (E) Portsmouth. 36. The Open Door Policy involved (A) the observance of Chinese holidays by foreigners (B) trade opportunities in Latin America (C) free immigration of orientals to the United States (D) equal trading opportunities in China for all nations (E) repeal of Monroe Doctrine. 37. The Insular cases held that (A) the Constitution doesn't follow the flag (B) the United States . must follow a policy of isolation (C) all islands adjacent to the United States belong to the United States (D) the Bering Sea should be a closed sea (E) the United States would not annex Cuba after Spanish-American War. 38. With regard to Latin America the "Roosevelt Corollary" of the Monroe Doctrine assumed our right to (A) intervene in the internal affairs of a country in the exercise of international police power (B) grant special privileges to big business in their business transactions there (C) grant financial aid to backward countries (D) annex territories threatened by revolution (E) disregard any or all of the Monroe Doctrine. 39. The "Gentlemen's Agreement" was an arrangement (A) by which the Japanese government agreed to prohibit immigration to the United States (B) with England for the purpose of allowing British ships to use the Panama Canal free of duties (C) between bigbusiness financiers whereby they fixed prices and wages in order to regulate profits (D) between Aguinaldo and Dewey for the government of the Philippines (E) between France and United States not to obtain exclusive control of a canal across Central America. 40. The Bull Moose was the symbol of what political party in 1912? (A) Republican (B) Socialist (C) Independent (D) Populist (E) Progressive. 41. Teddy Roosevelt's attitude toward big business was that (A) it was bad for the country (B) only big businesses that were violating the laws should be broken up (C) the means of production should be owned and operated by the federal government (D) the government should have a laissez faire philosophy (E) it should be destroyed. 42. Which of the following is not an accomplishment during Teddy Roosevelt's term? (A) conservation promoted (B) monopolies prosecuted (C) acquired rights to a Panama Canal (D) ended all difficulties with the Latin American countries (E) the enactment of laws to secure pure food and drugs. 43. Which of the following presidents were all assassinated? (A) Garfield Roosevelt Taft (B) Lincoln Roosevelt Taft (C) Lincoln Garfield Taft (D) Lincoln McKinley Arthur (E) Lincoln Garfield McKinley. 44. Which of the following personalities is quoted as saying "Speak softly but carry a big stick."? (A) McKinley (B) Wilson (C) Warren G. Harding (D) Taft (E) Teddy Roosevelt. 45. The "Muckrakers" were (A) a group of powerful industrialists (B) a group of dirty political candidates (C) a group of powerful lobbyists (D) a group of liberal Republicans (E) a group of journalists. 46. The Republican candidate in the election of 1908 was (A) Roosevelt (B) McKinley (C) Wilson (D) Bryan (E) Taft. 47. American soldiers in World War I were nicknamed (A) Mugwumps (B) G.I. Joes (C) Yankees (D) dogfaces (E) doughboys. 48. The Great White Fleet was sent around the world by Teddy Roosevelt for the primary purpose of (A) protecting the world from communism (B) showing the strength of the United States (C) putting Germany in her place (D) giving the naval commanders experience (E) furnish relief to earthquake sufferers in Southern Italy. 49. Progressivism in the first decade of the twentieth century had its roots in (A) the Populist movement (B) Roosevelt's Square Deal (C) McKinley's forward-looking policy (D) the Bull Moose Party (E) Wilson's administration. 50. The practice of permitting the people by popular vote to ask the legislature to consider passing a certain law is known as the (A) recall (B) initiative (C) referendum (D) direct primary (E) general election. 51. The Progressives would believe in (A) socialism (B) rugged individualism (C) putting business interests first (D) government regulation for the benefit of the people (E) laissez-faire economy. 52. The Federal Reserve system can do which of the following? (A) guarantee good economic conditions (B) set the value of the dollar (C) control the amount of money in circulation (D) guarantee good economic conditions (E) set minimum wage. 53. The president that first took an active interest in conservation was (A) Teddy Roosevelt (B) William Taft (C) Woodrow Wilson (D) F.D. Roosevelt (E) William McKinley. 54. American troops crossed the United States-Mexican border in 1916 in order to (A) prevent Germany from conquering Mexico (B) capture Huerta (C) capture Pancho Villa (D) collect money due the United States government (E) enforce the Monroe Doctrine. 55. The final cause for American entry into World War I was (A) insults to our ambassador in Germany (B) the invasion of Belgium (C) the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (D) the sinking of the Lusitania (E) the desire to secure naval bases for the protection of American interests abroad. 56. The Sussex Pledge was made by (A) England (B) Germany (C) Ireland (D) the United States (E) Japan. 57. Which of the following was not an ally of the United States during World War I? (A) France (B) England (C) Japan (D) Austria-Hungary (E) Belgium. 58. During World War I American soldiers fought in all the following battles except (A) Belleau Wood (B) Chateau-Thierry (C) Argonne Forest (D) Cantigny (E) Gallipoli. 59. The (A) Fourteenth (B) Fifteenth (C) Seventeenth (D) Eighteenth (E) Nineteenth amendment provided for the popular election of senators. 60. Woman suffrage was first practiced in (A) the East (B) the North (C) the West (D) the South (E) New England. 61. The rejection of the League of Nations and the failure of the United States to ratify the Versailles Treaty were due largely to the (A) inability of President Wilson to win over a Democratic senate (B) conviction of the American people that it was dangerous to American interests to sign the treaty and join the league (C) the illness of President Wilson (D) membership of Communist Russia in the League (E) fact that United States received no additional land. 62. All of the following are part of Wilson's Fourteen Points except (A) open covenants of peace openly arrived at (B) the removal of economic barriers (C) the restoration of Kaiser Wilhelm to the throne (D) provision for the League of Nations (E) recognition of the principle of freedom of the sea. 63. Which of the following was not a cause of World War I? (A) colonial rivalry (B) the alliance system (C) United States' desire for more territory (D) nationalism of subjected peoples of Europe (E) the military build-up. 64. The Boxer Rebellion took place in (A) Cuba (B) Germany (C) Puerto Rico (D) Japan (E) China. 65. World War I began in the year of (A) 1913 (B) 1914 (C) 1916 (D) 1917 (E) 1919. 66. The United States entered World War I in the year of (A) 1913 (B) 1914 (C) 1916 (D) 1917 (E) 1919. 67. The Colossus of the North refers to (A) the United States (B) Mexico (C) Russia (D) China (E) Greenland. Boom and Bust 29. Which of the following was a sore spot created by the peace settlement of World War I? (A) the Polish Corridor (B) Fascist Italy (C) Communist Poland (D) the large Japanese navy (E) Communist Russia. 30. Women voted for the first time in a presidential election in (A) 1916 (B) 1920 (C) 1924 (D) 1928 (E) 1932. 31. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed the (A) Sixteenth (B) Seventeenth (C) Eighteenth (D) Nineteenth (E) Twentieth. 32. A presidential administration which could almost equal the corruption found in the administration of Grant would be (A) Harding's (B) Wilson's (C) Arthur's (D) Taft's (E) F.D.R.'s. 33. The outlawing of war was the primary purpose of the (A) Kellogg-Briand Pact (B) Five-power treaty (C) Webster-Ashburton treaty (D) Treaty of Paris (E) Portsmouth treaty. 34. The immigration law of 1929 favored immigrants from (A) Great Britain (B) Spain (C) Italy (D) Turkey (E) Greece. 35. Hoover believed that (A) the federal government should assume responsibility for the unemployed (B) the American economic system should be severely overhauled (C) the effects of the depression were underestimated (D) states should take care of their own unemployed (E) states couldn't handle the depression alone. 36. Which of the following men made the statement during the 1920's "The homes of the future will have two cars in every garage and two chickens in every pot." (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) Herbert Hoover (C) Calvin Coolidge (D) Franklin Roosevelt (E) Warren G. Harding. 37. The economic collapse that led to a Democratic victory in 1932 occurred in (A) 1927 (B) 1928 (C) 1929 (D) 1930 (E) 1931. 38. The Twentieth Amendment changed the time of the opening of Congress to (A) January 3 (B) January 20 (C) January 25 (D) March 3 (E) March 15. 39. The major presidential issue of 1932 was (A) the tariff (B) depression (C) imperialism (D) bungling diplomacy (E) inflation. 40. Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated what he called the (A) New Freedom (B) Fair Deal (C) Square Deal (D) New Frontiers (E) New Deal. 41. Republican reaction and return to normalcy in the 1920's meant (A) getting war tempers settled and furthering labor interests (B) return to the trust "busting" of Taft and Roosevelt (C) return to the McKinley days when business prospered (D) return to the time when there was less business in government (E) return to Theodore Roosevelt's antitrust policies. 42. Laissez-faire and the way that it pertains to business means (A) more government regulation (B) "hands off" business (C) I don't care attitude (D) strict control of business (E) government ownership. 43. The National Industrial Recovery Act was established chiefly to (A) help business and industry (B) aid the farmers (C) aid the exporters and importers (D) help the Public Works Administration (E) build new schools. 44. All of the following programs were initiated to provide jobs for the unemployed except (A) Public Works Administration (B) Works Progress Administration (C) Civilian Conservation Corps (D) Civil Works Administration (E) Congress for Industrial Organization. 45. The change from the Republican government of the 1920's to the Roosevelt government of the 1930's was generally considered a change from (A) government regulation and interference to a Laissez-faire attitude (B) a radical to a conservative view (C) a liberal view on politics to a more conservative view (D) a liberal view to a reactionary policy (E) a conservative attitude to more of a liberal view. 46. Which of the following labor organizations was organized in the 1930's? (A) the American Federation of Labor (B) the Knights of Labor (C) the United Railway Workers (D) the Congress for Industrial Organization (E) United Mine Workers. 47. Part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's monetary policy was to (A) devaluate the dollar (B) cut down the money supply (C) open a new mint (D) issue only Federal Reserve notes (E) repeal the Federal Reserve Act. 48. Which of the following is true about farm parity? (A) is a good relationship between the prices that a farmer gets for his products and the goods he has to purchase (B) parity price is always the same (C) 80% parity means that a farmer will get more for his product than if he received 100% parity (D) farm parity was initiated to help the consumer (E) was a method of improving farm production. 49. The Communist presidential candidate of 1936 and 1940 was (A) Wallace (B) Wilkie (C) Browder (D) Thomas (E) Franklin D. Roosevelt. 50. Which of the following five events occurred last? (A) ever-normal granary (B) Agricultural Adjustment Act (C) McNary-Haugen Bills (D) Hitler's attack on Poland (E) Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. 51. Which of the following men made the statement "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."? (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) Herbert Hoover (C) Warren Harding (D) Calvin Coolidge (E) Franklin D. Roosevelt. 52. Which of the following did most in making the United States a world power? (A) the Spanish-American War (B) the Civil War (C) the League of Nations (D) the World Court (E) the Roosevelt Corollary. 53. What was new about Franklin D. Roosevelt's program for the Latin American countries? (A) political domination (B) dollar diplomacy (C) ti eating them as equals (D) economic imperialism (E) international police power. 54. Which of the following wasn't a part of Hitler's program in the 30's? (A) breaking the Treaty of Versailles (B) make Germany a world power (C) bring back to Germany millions of lost Germans that had been incorporated into other countries (D) aiding the Jews and Socialists (E) adding more land to Germany. 55. During which of the following conferences were there territorial concessions made to Hitler which enabled him to acquire additional territory? (A) Munich (B) Yalta (C) Paris (D) Potsdam (E) Washington. 56. Which of the following presidents did most toward bettering relations with the Latin-American countries? (A) Franklin D. Roosevelt (B) Teddy Roosevelt (C) Taft (D) Harding (E) Woodrow Wilson. 57. The National Labor Relations Act (A) increased the power of management over labor (B) protected labor and encouraged the growth of unions (C) outlawed boycotts strikes and collective bargaining (D) unionized all employees in factories having more than fifty workers (E) nationalized all labor unions. 58. Franklin D. Roosevelt's trouble with the Supreme Court centered around (A) the Supreme Court justices believing there should be more justices on the court (B) the court declaring unconstitutional important New Deal legislation (C) getting Senate approval for two justices which President Roosevelt appointed (D) the court being too liberal in its interpretation of legislation (E) rendering advisory opinions that he had not called for. 59. The British Prime Minister at the Munich Conference was (A) Neville Chamberlain (B) Lloyd George (C) Winston Churchill (D) Ramsey MacDonald (E) Stanley Baldwin. 60. Which one of the following New Deal Acts provided for unemployment compensation? (A) Fair Labor Standards Act (B) National Labor Relations Act (C) Social Security Act of 1935 (D) Tennessee Valley Authority (E) National Industrial Recovery Act. 61. Which one of the following industries had the greatest economical impact on the 1920's? (A) movie (B) aviation (C) chemical (D) automobile (E) steel. 62. The first successful "talking motion picture" was (A) Nanook of the North (B) All Quiet on the Western Front (C) The Jazz Singer (D) Shuffle Along (E) Greed. 27. World War II began in the year of (A) 1937 (B) 1939 (C) 1940 (D) 1943 (E) 1945. 28. Which of the following is the best reason why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor? (A) she had grievances against the Hawaiian Islands (B) she needed the economic resources of the Hawaiian Islands (C) the United States was the only country that stood between her and the complete domination of the Far East (D) it was the closest United States base (E) she wished to punish Japanese-Americans living on the Hawaiian Islands. 29. All of the following were battle areas in World War II except (A) Midway (B) Guadalcanal (C) Iwo Jima (D) Okinawa (E) Pusan. 30. The fighting surrounding Iwo Jima and Okinawa during World War II was severe because (A) they were the first battles of the war (B) they protected Australia and New Zealand (C) they were the last strongholds of the Japanese before the retreat to their homeland (D) these islands protected the Hawaiian Islands (E) they protected the Philippines. 31. The United States entered World War II on December 8 (A) 1939 (B) 1940 (C) 1941 (D) 1943 (E) 1945. 32. Which of the following countries was not occupied by Germany during World War II? (A) Switzerland (B) France (C) Holland (D) Denmark (E) Norway. 33. The atomic bomb was first used (A) before Japan was warned that she must surrender (B) after the landing of American troops on the mainland of Japan (C) before Russia came into the Pacific war (D) after Japan had surrendered (E) before Germany surrendered. 34. The Dumbarton Oaks conference accomplished which of the following? (A) drafted plans for the United Nations (B) proposed a treaty with Japan (C) planned the strategy for the Pacific war (D) planned the opening of a Second Front (E) proposed an atomic attack on Japan. 35. Which of the following is not an effect of World War II? (A) awakened Asia and Africa (B) made the United States and the U.S.S.R. leading powers of the world (C) created a stronger World Organization (D) eliminated the possibility of any future war (E) division of Germany. 36. The Marshall plan proposed (A) military intervention against the Chinese Communists (B) the economic recovery of Europe (C) military aid for Greece (D) confining Communism to Eastern Europe (E) defense. 37. Which of the following gave the greatest support to the Taft-Hartley Act? (A) President Truman (B) conservative forces (C) liberal Democrats (D) labor (E) Socialists. 38. All of the following are gains by labor since the 1880's except (A) rebates (B) collective bargaining (C) lobbying power (D) greater union membership (E) higher wage scale and shorter working hours. 39. The major presidential public opinion polls in 1948 predicted (A) the election would be a toss-up (B) the re-election of Truman (C) the election of Dewey (D) a slight advantage for Truman (E) the election of Strom Thurmond. 40. The Democratic party in 1948 split over the issue of (A) price controls (B) the TaftHartley Act (C) Civil Rights (D) Communism (E) inflation. predominantly (A) French (B) British (C) American (D) Turkish (E) Canadian. 42. Which of the following presidential winners would have been less likely to have said what we need is "more business in government"? (A) Herbert Hoover (B) Warren G. Harding (C) Dwight Eisenhower (D) Franklin D. Roosevelt (E) Calvin Coolidge. 43. The first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of (A) Berlin (B) Moscow (C) Peking (D) Nagasaki (E) Hiroshima. 44. A new cabinet post created under the Eisenhower administration was the (A) Secretary of Health Education and Welfare (B) Secretary of Foreign Affairs (C) Secretary of War (D) Secretary of National Defense (E) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. 45. The Twenty-second Amendment provided that (A) no president may be elected for over three terms (B) no president may be elected for over two terms (C) any president could break the two-term custom (D) executive agreements are unconstitutional (E) the poll tax would be banned in national elections. 46. There was criticism of the McCarthy investigation because (A) there were no Communists in the United States (B) his methods were questionable (C) he had ties with the Communists (D) his suggestions were not drastic enough (E) he was too socialistic in his attitude. 47. Which of the following presidents ordered federal troops to Little Rock Arkansas to enforce school desegregation? (A) Harry Truman (B) Dwight Eisenhower (C) John F. Kennedy (D) Lyndon Johnson (E) Richard M. Nixon. 48. Which of the following was not prominent in the Civil Rights movement? (A) James Meredith (B) Medgar Evers (C) Roy Wilkins (D) Martin Luther King (E) Ralph Bunche. 49. The largest item of expenditure in the federal government is for (A) defense (B) interest on money borrowed (C) agriculture (D) the space program (E) welfare programs. 50. Over half of the total money acquired by the federal government comes from (A) corporation taxes (B) custom and excise taxes (C) income taxes (D) state government taxes (E) cigarette gasoline and liquor taxes. 51. President Eisenhower's administration opposed (A) meetings with the U.S.S.R. (B) continuing foreign aid (C) increases in Social Security (D) extension of government development of electrical power (E) the policy of containment of Communism. 41. The United Nations forces in Korea were52. During his administrations President Eisenhower worked mainly with a Congress that was (A) Democratic (B) Republican (C) evenly divided between parties (D) heavily Republican (E) slightly Republican. 53. The city of West Berlin is presently surrounded by the (A) Russian or Communist zone (B) French zone (C) United States zone (D) Allied zone (E) British zone. 54. The first Negro to serve in a President's cabinet was (A) Martin Luther King (B) Edward Brookes (C) Thurgood Marshall (D) Robert Weaver (E) James Meredith. 55. The first man-made satellite to orbit the earth was launched by (A) the United States (B) Britain (C) Israel (D) Russia (E) an international commission. 56. Which of the following presidents created the Peace Corps? (A) Harry Truman (B) Dwight Eisenhower (C) John F. Kennedy (D) Lyndon Johnson (E) Richard M. Nixon. 57. Who was given much of the credit for the program of U.S. aid which after World War II made Europe prosper and provided a bulwark against Communism? (A) Harry Truman (B) George Marshall (o) Dean Acheson (D) Dwight Eisenhower (E) Adlai Stevenson. 58. Which of the following was not a candidate for president in the presidential election of 1948? (A) Harry S. Truman (B) Henry Wallace (C) Strom Thurmond (D) Adlai Stevenson (E) Thomas Dewey. 59. Which of the following coined the phrase "Iron Curtain"? (A) Hitler (B) Nixon (C) Churchill (D) Roosevelt (E) Truman. 60. Which of the following was not a provision of the Taft-Hartley Act? (A) federal injunctions may be granted against strikes that cripple the national economy (B) unions must file detailed annual financial reports (C) political expenditures by unions are forbidden (D) unions can be sued by employers for damages (E) closed shop is outlawed and union shop restricted. 61. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in the city of (A) Chicago (B) New York (C) Los Angeles (D) Nashville (E) Dallas. 62. The Republican candidate for the presidency in 1964 was (A) Henry Cabot Lodge (B) Barry Goldwater (C) Richard Nixon (D) Hubert Humphrey (E) Robert Taft. 63. The candidate and founder of the American Independent Party in 1968 was (A) Hubert Humphrey (B) Strom Thurmond (C) George Wallace (D) Eugene McCarthy (E) Norman Thomas. 64. He headed a Commission that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy: (A) Lyndon Johnson (B) William F. Miller (C) Robert Kennedy (D) Jack Ruby (E) Earl Warren. Second Semester Exam 35. Which of the following presidents withdrew federal troops from the South? (A) Andrew Johnson (B) U.S. Grant (C) Rutherford B. Hayes (D) James Garfield (E) Chester A. Arthur. 36. Which of the following are incorrectly matched? (A) John D. Rockefeller oil (B) Andrew Carnegie coal (C) Cornelius Vanderbilt railroads (D) J.P. Morgan banking (E) Henry Ford automobile. 37. The Interstate Commerce Act was passed primarily to (A) allocate lands to the railroads (B) provide pensions for Civil War veterans (C) forbid railroad rate discrimination (D) give the president power to fix railroad requirements (E) allocate lands to be under Homestead Act. 38. All of the following are examples of labor unrest during the 1880's and 90's except (A) Pullman Strike (B) march on Washington by Coxey's army (C) Haymarket Square Riot (D) Fifth Avenue Massacre (E) Homestead Strike. 39. Which of the following islands did the United States acquire from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War? (A) Philippines (B) Hawaii (C) Cuba (D) Samoa (E) Puerto Rico. 40. The United States pronounced its Open-Door Policy to (A) prevent the Great Powers from dividing China among themselves (B) aid Chinese industrialization (C) prevent China from raising her tariff rates against the United States (D) compel China to accept Western civilization (E) allow Chinese and Japanese immigration. 41. During McKinley's administration which of the following groups had the greatest influence in the federal government? (A) labor (B) big business (C) farmers (D) small businessmen (E) soldiers. 42. The Third Party that planted seeds of radicalism in the Democratic Party in the 1890's was the (A) Progressive Party (B) Populist Party (C) Dixiecrats (D) Farmocrats (E) Bull Moose Party. 43. All of the following were Presidents of the United States except (A) Chester Arthur (B) Grover Cleveland (C) William J. Bryan (D) Calvin Coolidge (E) Warren G. Harding. 44. Theodore Roosevelt's method of acquiring territory through which to build the Panama Canal was (A) opposed in Panama (B) opposed by the French company that had tried to build a canal there (C) supported by all groups in the United States (D) opposed by most imperialists (E) opposed by Colombia. 45. In the Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt was (A) upholding the rights of European governments to collect debts owed to them (B) establishing a Pan-American Union (C) upholding the right of the United States to intervene in Latin-American affairs (D) discouraging "dollar diplomacy" (E) repealing the Monroe Doctrine. 46. The president during World War I was (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) Teddy Roosevelt (C) Warren Harding (D) Franklin D. Roosevelt (E) William McKinley. 47. Which of the following is not a grievance against Great Britain during the first part of World War I? (A) sinking American ships (B) seizure of an expanded list of contraband (C) blockade of neutral European ports (D) seizure of neutral ships on the high seas (E) searched cargoes of neutral ships. 48. All of the following are provisions of Wilson's Fourteen Points except (A) punishment of Germany (B) removal of economic barriers (C) freedom of the seas (D) open diplomacy (E) right of self-determination. 49. Progressivism in the first decade of the twentieth century had its roots in the (A) Republican administrations of the 1880's (B) Populist movement (C) McKinley's program (D) Bull Moose Party (E) Wilson administration. 50. The immigration laws of the 1920's favored immigrants from (A) China (B) Southern Europe (C) Eastern Europe (D) Far East (E) Northern Europe. 51. The outlawing of war was the primary purpose of the (A) Portsmouth Treaty (B) Five-power Treaty (C) Webster-Ashburton Treaty (D) Washington Naval Conference (E) Kellogg-Briand Pact. 52. Which group is not paired correctly? (A) Warren Harding (B) Teddy Roosevelt (C) Wendell Wilkie (D) Ulysses S. Grant (E) Franklin Roosevelt return to normalcy arbitrated the Russo-Japanese War elected president in 1936 corrupt administration Bank Holiday. 53. The defeated Democratic Catholic candidate for president in 1928 was (A) Debs (B) Al Smith (C) Tom Dewey (D) James Cox (E) James W. Davis. 54. Which of the following is not paired correctly? (A) Teddy Roosevelt - Bull Moose Party (B) Henry Wallace — the Socialist leader from 1900-1920 (C) Franklin D. Roosevelt - New Deal (D) Harry Truman — Fair Deal (E) John F. Kennedy — New Frontier. 35. Which of the following presidents withdrew federal troops from the South? (A) Andrew Johnson (B) U.S. Grant (C) Rutherford B. Hayes (D) James Garfield (E) Chester A. Arthur. 36. Which of the following are incorrectly matched? (A) John D. Rockefeller oil (B) Andrew Carnegie coal (C) Cornelius Vanderbilt railroads (D) J.P. Morgan banking (E) Henry Ford automobile. 37. The Interstate Commerce Act was passed primarily to (A) allocate lands to the railroads (B) provide pensions for Civil War veterans (C) forbid railroad rate discrimination (D) give the president power to fix railroad requirements (E) allocate lands to be under Homestead Act. 38. All of the following are examples of labor unrest during the 1880's and 90's except (A) Pullman Strike (B) march on Washington by Coxey's army (C) Haymarket Square Riot (D) Fifth Avenue Massacre (E) Homestead Strike. . Which of the following islands did the United States acquire from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War? (A) Philippines (B) Hawaii (C) Cuba (D) Samoa (E) Puerto Rico. 40. The United States pronounced its Open-Door Policy to (A) prevent the Great Powers from dividing China among themselves (B) aid Chinese industrialization (C) prevent China from raising her tariff rates against the United States (D) compel China to accept Western civilization (E) allow Chinese and Japanese immigration. 41. During McKinley's administration which of the following groups had the greatest influence in the federal government? (A) labor (B) big business (C) farmers (D) small businessmen (E) soldiers. 42. The Third Party that planted seeds of radicalism in the Democratic Party in the 1890's was the (A) Progressive Party (B) Populist Party (C) Dixiecrats (D) Farmocrats (E) Bull Moose Party. 43. All of the following were Presidents of the United States except (A) Chester Arthur (B) Grover Cleveland (C) William J. Bryan (D) Calvin Coolidge (E) Warren G. Harding. 44. Theodore Roosevelt's method of acquiring territory through which to build the Panama Canal was (A) opposed in Panama (B) opposed by the French company that had tried to build a canal there (C) supported by all groups in the United States (D) opposed by most imperialists (E) opposed by Colombia. 45. In the Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt was limiting the rights of European governments to collect debts owed to them (B) establishing a Pan-American Union (C) upholding the right of the United States to intervene in Latin-American affairs (D) discouraging "dollar diplomacy" (E) repealing the Monroe Doctrine. 46. The president during World War I was (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) Teddy Roosevelt (C) Warren Harding (D) Franklin D. Roosevelt (E) William McKinley. 47. Which of the following is not a grievance against Great Britain during the first part of World War I? (A) sinking American ships (B) seizure of an expanded list of contraband (C) blockade of neutral European ports (D) seizure of neutral ships on the high seas (E) searched cargoes of neutral ships. 48. All of the following are provisions of Wilson's Fourteen Points except (A) punishment of Germany (B) removal of economic barriers (C) freedom of the seas (D) open diplomacy (E) right of self-determination. 49. Progressivism in the first decade of the twentieth century had its roots in the (A) Republican administrations of the 1880's (B) Populist movement (C) McKinley's program (D) Bull Moose Party (E) Wilson administration. 50. The immigration laws of the 1920's favored immigrants from (A) China (B) Southern Europe (C) Eastern Europe (D) Far East (E) Northern Europe. 51. The outlawing of war was the primary purpose of the (A) Portsmouth Treaty (B) Five-power Treaty (C) Webster-Ashburton Treaty (D) Washington Naval Conference (E) Kellogg-Briand Pact. 52. Which group is not paired correctly? (A) Warren Harding return to normalcy (B) Teddy Roosevelt arbitrated the Russo-Japanese War (C) Wendell Wilkie elected president in 1936 (D) Ulysses S. Grant corrupt administration (E) Franklin Roosevelt Bank Holiday. 53. The defeated Democratic Catholic candidate for president in 1928 was (A) Debs (B) Al Smith (C) Tom Dewey (D) James Cox (E) James W. Davis. 54. Which of the following is not paired correctly? (A) Teddy Roosevelt - Bull Moose Party (B) Henry Wallace - the Socialist leader from 1900-1920 (C) Franklin D. Roosevelt - New Deal (D) Harry Truman - Fair Deal (E) John F. Kennedy — New Frontier. 55. Which of the following presidents was not assassinated? (A) Wilson (B) McKinley (C) Garfield (D) Lincoln (E) Kennedy. 56. All of the following were a part of Hitler's program in the 1930's except (A) breaking the Treaty of Versailles (B) making Germany a world power (C) bringing back to Germany millions of lost Germans that had been incorporated into other countries (D) communizing Austria and Poland (E) crushing Communism in Germany. 57. All of the following were New Deal legislatioi except (A) NIRA (B) AAA (C) WPA (D) CCC (E) OEO. 58. Which of the following countries has not been ai enemy of the United States in the past sixty-five' years? (A) Japan (B) Italy (C) Spain (D) France (E) Germany. Final Both Semesters 11. Which of the following countries was the first to explore in the New World? (A) England (B) Portugal (C) Holland (D) France (E) Spain. 12. The defeat of the Spanish Armada was most important to America because it (A) decreased the influence of the English crown (B) ended the Spanish Empire in the Americas. (C) demonstrated the superiority of the British fleet (D) gave England the control of the sea and secured for her freedom to colonize (E) allowed her to break away immediately after the defeat. 13. The English established colonies in America for all the following reasons except (A) to escape religious persecution (B) to search for riches (C) to please the Pope (D) economic strife in England (E) to escape political persecution. 34. Of the early colonial nations which of the following countries was most concerned about establishing permanent homes and colonies? (A) English (B) French (C) Spanish (D) Portuguese (E) Swedish. 15. The first permanent English settlement was at (A) Jamestown (B) Plymouth (C) Quebec (D) St. Augustine (E) Baltimore. 16. The colonial power which was most interested in fur trading was (A) England (B) France (C) Spain (D) Portugal (E) Holland. 17. The colonial nation that explored in the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes area was (A) England (B) Sweden (C) Spain (D) Portugal (E) France. 18. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) French - Quebec (B) Cortes Aztecs (C) Magellan — Oregon Territory (D) Henry Hudson — Hudson River (E) Portugal - Brazil. 19. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Rhode Island - Thomas Hooker founder (B) Maryland — Lord Baltimore founder (C) Georgia - Oglethorpe founder (D) Pennsylvania — William Penn founder (E) New Hampshire — John Mason founder. 20. Which of the following men is known as the author of the Declaration of Independence? (A) Thomas Paine (B) Andrew Jackson (C) Alexander Hamilton (D) George Washington (E) Thomas Jefferson. 21. The Constitution divides the powers of the federal government among the three branches chiefly to (A) restrict the powers of the federal government (B) restrict the powers of the state governments (C) prevent any person or group of persons from getting too much power (D) provide for a perfect government (E) increase power of federal government. 22. Civil Rights have been broadened by the Supreme Court's interpretation of which Constitutional Amendement? (A) 1st (B) 18th (C) 13th (D) 21st (E) 14th. 23. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Second Continental Congress birth of the United States (B) Declaration of Independence- Thomas Jefferson (C) Articles of Confederation - weak central government (D) Proclamation of 1763 — colonists must trade with only Great Britain (E) Line of Demarcation- divided New World between Spain and Portugal. 24. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Navigation Acts - Townshend program (B) Red Coats - Minutemen (C) Battle of Breed's Hill - War of 1812 (D) Thomas Paine -Common Sense (E) House of Burgesses — Virginia. 25. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Marbury vs. Madison Congressional Act declared unconstitutional (B) Federalist — Thomas Jefferson (C) Alexander Hamilton — a first national bank (D) Constitutional Convention — Patterson and the small state plan for New Jersey (E) Samuel Adams — Committees of Correspondence. 26. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from (A) France (B) England (C) Spain (D) Russia (E) Mexico. 27. All of the following are correct about the War of 1812 except (A) United States fought France (B) there was little land fighting (C) results were indecisive (D) elevated Andrew Jackson to prominence (E) the Treaty of Ghent ended the war. 28. With the election of (A) John Q. Adams (B) Andrew Jackson (C) James Polk (D) Abraham Lincoln (E) John Adams the present day Democratic party elected its first president. 29. The Monroe Doctrine has served as a cornerstone for American (A) economic policy (B) foreign policy (C) domestic policy (D) politics (E) social and cultural development. 30. Which of the following presidents was known as "Old Hickory"? (A) Zachary Taylor (B) James K. Polk (C) Andrew Jackson (D) John Adams (E) Abraham Lincoln. 31. All of the following men would be strong advocates of States' Rights except (A) Orville Faubus (B) Jefferson Davis (C) John C. Calhoun (D) Alexander Hamilton (E) Barry Goldwater. 32. All of the following were attempts to compromise the slavery problem except (A) Missouri Compromise of 1820 (B) Compromise of 1850 (C) Kansas-Nebraska Bill (D) Ostend Manifesto (E) Three-fifths Compromise. 33. With the election of (A) James Madison (B) Thomas Jefferson (C) Abraham Lincoln (D) Benjamin Harrison (E) William McKinley the present day Republican party elected its first president. 34. The 1846 Oregon settlement with Great Britain (A) established the present boundary between the United States and Canada from the Rockies westward (B) turned over fur posts in the Oregon Territory to Great Britain (C) provided that Great Britain and the United States would govern the territory jointly (D) banned slavery from the territory (E) resulted from the War of 1812. 35. All of the following are correct about the Civil War except (A) North had greater capital (B) North had superior military leaders (C) South was fighting a defensive war (D) North had an established government (E) North was more populated. 36. Which of the following men was president of the Confederacy during the Civil War? (A) Robert E. Lee (B) Alexander Stephens (C) James Calhoun (D) Andrew Johnson (E) Jefferson Davis. 37. The leading Confederate military leader of the Civil War was (A) Robert E. Lee (B) Stonewall Jackson (C) Ulysses Grant (D) William T. Sherman (E) Alexander Stephens. 38. All of the following were Chief Justices of the Supreme Court except (A) John Marshall (B) Roger Taney (C) Charles Evans Hughes (D) John Adams (E) William H. Taft. 39. All of the following were Secretaries of State except (A) John Quincy Adams (B) John Hay (C) William Tweed (D) Cordell Hull (E) James G. Blaine. 40. All of the following were Republican presidents except (A) Herbert Hoover (B) William McKinley (C) Richard Nixon (D) Warren Harding (E) Woodrow Wilson. 41. All of the following were Democratic presidents except (A) Andrew Jackson (B) Harry Truman (C) Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) John Kennedy (E) Dwight Eisenhower. 42. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Tweed Ring - New York City (B) assassination of President Kennedy — Dallas (C) Pendergast — Kansas City (D) Tammany Hall — New York City (E) Mormons - San Francisco. 43. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Pickett's Charge - Civil War (B) James Madison — Father of Constitution (C) John D. Rockefeller — Standard Oil (D) Commodore Perry - Civil War (E) John Adams — Alien and Sedition Acts. 44. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Franklin D. Roosevelt — New Deal (B) Warren G. Harding - return to normalcy (C) Ulysses Grant — corrupt administration (D) the Mexican War - the Versailles Treaty (E) United States Independence recognized — Treaty of Paris. 45. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Lewis and Clark Expedition — Oregon Territory (B) John C. Fremont - the Pathfinder (C) De Soto - Mississippi River (D) Mormon migration — Walt Whitman (E) John Brown — Harpers Ferry. 46. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) William H. Harrison - Battle of Tippecanoe (B) James Monroe's presidency — "Era of good feeling" (C) John Marshall opposed a strong Supreme Court (D) John Brown — abolitionist movement (E) John Kennedy — Peace Corps. 47. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) Clayton-Bulwer Treaty — canal across isthmus of Central America (B) Kansas-Nebraska Bill -created Indian Territory (C) Perry — Japan (D) Harriet Beecher Stowe - Uncle Tom's Cabin (E) William McKinley — Spanish-American War. 48. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (A) William Seward — general during the Civil War (B) Carpetbaggers - Northerners (C) President Johnson — impeached (D) Ku Klux Klan — intimidation of minority groups (E) Roger Taney - Dred Scott. 49. All of the following presidents were assassinated except (A) McKinley (B) Garfield (C) Lincoln (D) Kennedy (E) Jackson. 50. The greatest surge of industrial growth in the United States followed the (A) Revolutionary War (B) War of 1812 (C) Mexican War (D) Civil War (E) Korean War. 51. The President of the United States during World War I was (A) Teddy Roosevelt (B) Franklin D. Roosevelt (C) James Madison (D) William McKinley (E) Woodrow Wilson. 52. All of the following have been Third Parties in the United States except (A) Populist Party (B) Bull-Moose Party (C) Free-Soil Party (D) Catholic Party (E) AntiMason Party. 53. The Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I was (A) Ulysses Grant (B) Ferdinand Foch (C) John Pershing (D) Douglas MacArthur (E) Dwight Eisenhower. 54. Ever since the Reconstruction days the South has formed a rather solid block of (A) Republican votes (B) Democratic votes (C) Liberal votes (D) Independent votes (E) Communist votes. 55. The British Prime Minister during World War II was (A) Lloyd George (B) Winston Churchill (C) Neville Chamberlain (D) Clement Atlee (E) Stanley Baldwin. 56. The Commander of the Allied Forces during World War II was (A) Douglas MacArthur (B) Ferdinand Foch (C) Dwight Eisenhower (D) John J. Pershing (E) Jonathan Wainwright.