Name_____________________________
The Hellenic Age of Ancient Greece
Guided Notes
1) The City-States
a. The Greek Dark Ages lasted from ________________ to ________________ BC.
b. The brief era of rebirth following the Dark Ages was known as the
__________________ of the ____________________.
c. Following the Dark Ages, the city-state or _____________ became the main
focus of the ________________ of the Greeks.
d. Name the various city-states and their governments.
i. ____________________ & _____________________
ii. ____________________ & _____________________
iii. ____________________ & _____________________
iv. ____________________ & _____________________
v. ____________________ & _____________________
e. Cities were separated by ________________ and _________________ that kept
the cities from unifying.
f. Each city-state preferred to have their own _____________________.
g. The _____________________ was the main gathering place, and the
_____________________ was an open area for people to meet and assemble.
h. City-states varied in ____________________.
i. The polis was a community ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
j. Who had the right to vote? Who didn’t?
k. City states were extremely____________________________________________.
l. Greek ______________________ were also established as city-states.
m. The most notable Greek colony was that of ______________________________.
n. What did the colonies do for the motherland?
o. What was a tyrant in respect to Ancient Greece? How did the people feel about
them?
p. Tyrants were ________________________, ___________________________,
citizens of their cities.
q. Eventually the age of the tyrants ______________________________.
2) Sparta
a. Sparta was the dominant city within the ______________________________.
b. What was their real name_____________________________________.
c. The Military
i. The city-state of Sparta had a _______________________ culture.
ii. They were the first in all of Greece to _____________________________
___________________.
iii. Spartan and Greek soldiers were called ___________________________.
iv. The Spartans perfected what military formation?
v. Soldiers were __________________________________.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Soldiers served for how long?
What age were Spartan soldiers given citizenship?
The _______________________ was the training camp for all Spartans.
What did the soldiers have to endure to become better soldiers?
1. _____________________________________.
2. _____________________________________.
3. _____________________________________.
x. The _____________________________ was the arrangement of the men
in battle.
xi. The shields were meant to cover ________________ to
_____________________.
xii. _________________ were the primary weapons of the Spartan soldiers.
xiii. What are the parts of a Spartan’s armor?
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
xiv. The ___________________ (their shield) was ______________ in
diameter and weighed __________lbs.
xv. Only the leaders and ___________________ had plumes.
xvi. The Spartan armor was made from either _______________________ or
_______________________.
xvii. What were the two types of swords used by the Spartans?
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
xviii. Sparta’s most memorable leader was _______________________.
1. He was famous for _____________________________.
d. The City-State
i. Sparta also had a ________________ and __________________ culture.
1. All ___________________ were given and
____________________.
2. Women and _____________________ enjoyed more freedom than
most.
3. The military and culture of Sparta led to what is known as the
_____________________________________.
ii. The helots were _______________________ in ancient Sparta.
iii. Occasionally the helots would ______________________ against their
owners.
iv. Once a year, Spartans ________________________________ war on the
helots, so that they could kill suspected trouble makers.
v. Along with the boys, Spartan girls attended school at the age of 7 to learn
______________________________, __________________________
and wrestling.
vi. Women were also allowed to own ______________________ and
_________________________. Spartan women owned more than
____________ of the property in Sparta.
vii. Sparta was an ______________________________ in which a small
group of people ruled.
viii. Sparta was ruled by ________kings.
ix. 5 ____________________ looked over the education of all Spartan
citizens, and these men were _____________________ to office.
x. Art and science really didn’t thrive in Sparta.
1. The _____________________________ was the only thing that
they cared about.
2. Most Spartans believed that their kings descended from
_______________________, the might Greek hero.
3) Athens
a. The City-State
i. The most famous city-state in Greece is/was ______________________.
ii. It is the primary city-state in _____________________.
iii. In the beginning Athens was ruled/ governed by ____________________.
iv. The first man to gain sole control over Athens was __________________.
And he was elected/ appointed by the citizens because of his ideas on
______________________.
v. Around 510 BC, Athens throws out a wicked tyrant and appoints
_______________________ to govern Athens.
1. He created a __________________ of 500 male citizens that
overlooked all aspects of Athenian life.
2. He helped to create all of the foundations for Athenian democracy.
vi. Athens eventually forms an alliance with surrounding city-states and it is
known as the __________________________________, because of its
headquarters on the island of __________________.
vii. _____________________ was the commanding city-state of the Delian
league.
viii. Entering into this alliance had caused Athens to build an
______________________.
ix. Eventually a man by the name of ____________________ comes to
power in Athens.
x. Athens ___________________ under his guidance.
xi. This time period is known as the _________________________________
or Athens’ “__________________________.”
xii. ____________________________ was the brain child of Pericles, and the
first form of democracy in the world.
xiii. He also created the practice of ostracism. What is this policy?
xiv. Athens had established itself as the __________________ or central area
of the Greek world.
xv. Pericles commissioned great buildings such as the
__________________________.
xvi. The Parthenon was a temple to the goddess ______________________,
and Athens was named after her.
b. The Military
i. Unlike the Spartans, Athens’ military power was on the
_________________________.
ii. Their navy was exceptionally trained and powerful, why was this?
iii. What was the “crown jewel” of the Athenian navy?
iv. The Athenian fleet never exceeded ____________________ triremes.
v. What was the trireme’s purpose?
vi. The ram of the trireme was made of solid ____________________.
4) War With Persia
a. The Persians and the Greeks never really ________________ one another.
b. The Greek colonies of ______________________ led a revolt against the
Persians in 499 BC.
i. Which Greek city-state aided in the revolt?
c. The revolt left Darius (King of Persia) bitter and in 490 BC he
__________________________.
d. The Athenians put up a fight at the ________________________.
i. The Athenians ______________________ the forces of Darius.
e.
f. After winning the battle, a man named _______________________ ran the 26
miles from Marathon to Athens.
i. He promptly _____________________ after shouting “Nike!” or
“________________” after running into the streets of Athens.
g. Darius never forgave the Ionians or the ____________________ for what they
did at Marathon.
h. Darius’ son ____________________ vowed ________________ against the
Athenians what happened at Marathon.
i. The land defense of Greece was led by _______________________ and Athens
built their _____________________ due to the origins of
_________________________.
j. Xerxes force of _______________________ and brought thousands of
_________________ with him.
k. The first skirmish of the war was at _________________________________.
l. ________________ Spartans led _____________________ Greek soldiers and
both armies were led by King ______________________.
m. King Leonidas’ body wasn’t returned to Greece for _______________ years.
n. The battle of Salamis was what kind of battle?
o.
p.
q.
r.
The Greeks were outnumbered ____ to ______.
The Athenian navy _________________ the navy of the Persians.
The final battle was at the patch of earth known as ______________________.
This battle was the largest ___________________________ of the Greeks up
until this point.
s. Send Xerxes packing, after a massive _________________________.
t. The war’s significance was that it _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
u. Gave all the Greeks a sense of _________________________________.
5) The Peloponnesian War
a. Following the defeat of Persia, the Greeks ____________________________
with themselves.
b. The two largest instigators were ___________________ and
________________________.
c. Sparta feared the power of the growing _____________________________.
d. Both nations thought they could win.
i. The Athenians remained in a _____________________ position.
ii. They relied on their allies to bring them _____________________.
iii. Sparta wanted to fight _______________________________.
e. Bad luck strikes Athens.
i. The plague hits Athens and ________ of __________ people died.
f. Pericles ____________________ following the outbreak of the plague.
i. Sparta eventually ______________ the Athenians into surrender.
ii. Sparta ___________ he city of Athens.
iii. For half a century, _________________, ______________,
_____________________ fought over control of Greece.