Essential English
Student Workbook 2
Second Edition
Boone Sumantri
February 6, 2007
1
Acknowledgements:
This new edition of the workbook is fashioned by the experience and
insight of many tutors, authors and editors serving on the Essential
English Coordination Team.
Nancy Zumwalt thoroughly edited several drafts giving us the benefit of
the wisdom she has gained from years of experience in ESL writing and
ministry.
We praise our Lord for His provisions and His gentle guidance.
Portland, January 16, 2006
Essential English
Student Workbook 2
Second Edition
Boone Sumantri
Community Vision International, Inc.
P.O. Box 33286, Portland, OR 97292 - 3286
Copyright 2006, Boone Sumantri
February 6, 2007
2
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction
6
Lesson 1:
Countries and their People
Review: Verbs - Simple Present and Present
Continuous
Verbs: Simple Past
8
Lesson 2:
Look it up on the Globe.
Review: Pronouns
Object Pronouns: me, her, him, etc.
11
Lesson 3:
Renting an Apartment
Verbs: Simple Past and Present Perfect
Regular Verbs
14
Lesson 4:
Rose City Neighborhood
Review: Nouns
Nouns: Possessive Forms - the girl’s parents,
John’s mother
Conjunctions: as, as if, that
17
Lesson 5:
At Work
Verbs: Simple Past and Present Perfect –
Irregular Verbs
Coordinate Conjunctions: and, but
20
Lesson 6:
Getting a Checking Account
Verbs: Modals of Ability - can
Subordinate Conjunctions: because, if, while
23
Lesson 7:
Grandpa’s Birthday
Review: Adjectives
Correlative Conjunctions: either-or, neither-nor,
both-and
Writing: One-page stories by students
26
Lesson 8:
Buying Furniture
Verbs: Past Progressive
Adjectives: Comparatives - -er, more, less
29
February 6, 2007
3
Sharing Your Story: by students
Lesson 9:
Picnic at the Park
Adjectives: Superlatives - -est, most, least
Capitalization
Sharing Your Story: by students
32
Lesson 10: Your Own Computer
Verbs: Modals of Permission - can, may
Punctuation: Period
Sharing Your Story: by students
35
Lesson 11: Attending a Wedding
Adverbs: Location and direction - here, indoors, up
Prepositional phrases with live
Punctuation: Comma
Sharing Your Story: by students
38
Lesson 12: Planting a Garden
Verbs: Future - will, be going to
Punctuation: Semicolon
Sharing Your Story: by students
41
Lesson 13: Buying a New Car
Verbs: Modals of Necessity - must
Prepositional phrases with agree
Punctuation: Colon
Sharing Your Story: by students
44
Lesson 14: A Musical Evening
Adverbs: Time and frequency of action - now,
early, never, always
Punctuation: Question Mark
Sharing Your Story: by students
47
Lesson 15: A Camping Trip
Verbs: Voices of verbs, active and passive
Preposition phrases with differ.
Punctuation: Exclamation Point
Sharing Your Story: by students
50
Lesson 16: A Medical Emergency
Verbs: Modals of Polite Questions - would,
could, should
53
February 6, 2007
4
Punctuation: Apostrophe
Sharing Your Story: by students
Lesson 17: Keeping Healthy
Adjectives: Comparison - as…..as
Prepositional phrases with enter
Punctuation: Quotation Marks
Writing: Draft your book.
56
Lesson 18: Making Friends
Verbs: Modals of Advice - should
Phrases with up, down
Writing: Draft title page and introduction.
59
Lesson 19: Continue Learning!
Adverbs: Manner of Action - slowly, carefully
Prepositional phrases with by
Writing: Edit your book draft.
62
Lesson 20: Christmas Celebration
Verbs: Modals of Possibility - might, may
Expressing Numbers
Writing: Present your book.
65
Grammar Review
68
Bibliography
72
The Author
73
February 6, 2007
5
Introduction
Welcome to Essential English class. You have already mastered some
English, and now you want to improve it. You want to do well in your
study. If you actively work on the following suggestions, you will learn
English faster and easier.
1. Get two good dictionaries: one small pocket dictionary to take with
you wherever you go, and a big college dictionary for your study at
home. Make use of them regularly in your studies, and become
familiar with them.
2. Make a habit to study every day. Plan to study at least three hours
a week: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Don’t limit
yourself to this workbook. Feel free to study from other books;
there are many good ones to choose from.
3. Visit your local library regularly at least once a month. You can
study there, and borrow some books. While at the library, look up
some words in an encyclopedia. It is usually in the reference section
of the library.
4. Read your local newspaper regularly. There are also free
newspapers, such as the Christian News Northwest and the Portland
Tribune if you are in Portland, Oregon. Find out what is happening
in your neighborhood.
5. Watch the news on television regularly. It is an excellent
opportunity to listen to spoken English, and it keeps you updated of
happenings locally and worldwide.
6. As you practice your English, start to think directly in that
language. Get away from the habit of mentally translating word for
word from your national language to English.
7. Practice your English with your friends and neighbors as often as
possible. Become comfortable speaking English, and soon it will
truly become your second language.
February 6, 2007
6
8. If you are still communicating in your non-English national language
at home, set a daily time to practice speaking English with your
family, such as at dinner.
9. If you have children, and they are attending school, they are
progressing well in mastering English. Practice with them. Play a
word game, such as Scrabble. My wife and I use dictionaries, when
we play Scrabble, and we have learned many new words.
10.
Beginning with lesson 7 you will learn to write one-page
stories about happenings in your life. It is an excellent opportunity
to work with your dictionary. You will share the stories in class,
save them, and compile them into a book. When you finish this
course you will have written your first book in English language.
Enjoy your study. It may be challenging, but do enjoy your journey of
gaining new language skills.
Boone Sumantri
February 6, 2007
7
Lesson 1:
Countries and their People
Introductions:
Introduce yourself: Tell the class your name, where you come from, and
what your work is.
Objectives:
1. Know the names of several countries.
2. Review simple present and present continuous verb forms.
3. Know simple past verb forms of to be.
Dialog: Coming from different countries.
Girl: Where’s Pedro from?
Boy: Pedro came from Cuba. He is a Cuban.
And where are you from?
Girl: I came from Vietnam. I’m a Vietnamese.
Boy: I came from Kenya. I’m a Kenyan.
When did you come to America?
Girl: I came to this country ten years ago.
Boy: I came here five years ago with my parents.
Girl: We came from different countries in the world.
Let’s find those countries on a map or globe.
Boy: Hey, let’s do that!
Vocabulary:
February 6, 2007
America
Canada
Cuba
Haiti
Japan
American
Canadian
Cuban
Haitian
apanese
Kenya
Kenyan
8
Mexico
Russia
Ukraine
Vietnam
Mexican
Russian
Ukrainian
Vietnamese
country
globe
map
people
world
Exercise: Find the countries on a map.
Exercise: Write four sentences with the words in the
vocabulary.
Grammar:
Review: Simple Present and Present Continuous Verb Forms
Verbs show actions, feelings, or states of being, and also indicate the
time of action, feeling, or states of being.
Verb:
Simple Present
Present Continuous
I read.
You read.
He/she/it reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
I am reading.
You are reading.
He/she/it is reading.
We are reading.
You are reading.
They are reading.
I’m reading.
You’re reading.
He’s reading.
We’re reading.
You’re reading.
They’re reading.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the present continuous form.
February 6, 2007
9
Simple Past: to be
Simple Present
Simple Past
I am hungry.
You are happy.
She is young.
We are home.
You are at work.
They are in school.
I was hungry.
You were happy.
She was young.
We were home.
You were at work.
They were in school.
Exercise: Write five sentences with simple past of to be.
Pronunciation:
Note the stress in the names of countries and their people.
Exercise: Indicate the stressed syllables in these words.
Japan
Japanese
Canada
Canadian
Haiti
Haitian
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Learn the names of ten countries and their people.
Pronounce the names of ten countries and their people.
Write five sentences with present continuous verb forms.
Write five sentences with simple past verb forms of to be.
February 6, 2007
10
Lesson 2:
Look it up on the Globe.
Objectives:
1. Know the names of ten countries and the seven continents, and find
them on the globe.
2. Review subject and possessive pronouns.
3. Know how to use object pronouns.
Review: Homework of Lesson 1
Dialog: Where are Cuba, Vietnam and Kenya?
Girl: Let’s look up countries on the globe.
Boy: Here is the globe. Let’s find the ten countries we
learned. You look up Canada, Cuba, Haiti and
Mexico.
Girl: Here they are. Did you find Japan and Vietnam? They are in
Asia.
Boy: Yes, and I just found Kenya. It is in Africa. Look up Russia and
Ukraine.
Girl: Here they are. They are in Europe.
Boy: We found three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Where are the other continents?
Girl: There are North America and South America.
Boy: And there are Australia and Antarctica. That makes a total of
seven continents. Antarctica is down here at the South Pole.
Girl: Yes, and here is the North Pole at the other end of the globe.
Where is the equator?
Boy: It is half way between the two poles.
Girl: Yes, here it is. Hey, the equator runs right through
Kenya and the islands of Indonesia.
February 6, 2007
11
Vocabulary:
continent
island
country
North Pole
South Pole
ocean
sea
bay
lake
equator
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
Grammar:
Review: Pronouns
Pronouns replace nouns or phrases.
Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
Possessive Pronouns: my, your, his, its, her, our, your, their
I have a book.
You have a nice pen.
She loves her bike.
We play with Snoopy.
They live in a nice house.
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
my book.
your pen.
her new bike.
our dog.
their new home.
Exercise: Write five sentences with subject and possessive
pronouns.
Object Pronouns: me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them
Bob loves Mary.
Mary pets the cat.
Jesus loves all people.
The teacher taught John and me.
Bob loves her.
Mary pets it.
Jesus loves them.
The teacher taught us.
Exercise:
Write five sentences with object pronouns.
February 6, 2007
12
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know the names of ten countries and the seven continents.
Write five sentences with subject and possessive pronouns.
Write five sentences with object pronouns.
Look up information about a continent in an encyclopedia, and write
a report.
February 6, 2007
13
Lesson 3:
Renting an Apartment
Objectives:
1. Know how to use ordinal numbers.
2. Review vocabulary of housing.
3. Know how to use simple past and present perfect forms of regular
verbs.
Review: Homework of Lesson 2
Story: A New Apartment
David and Mary rented an apartment on Halsey Boulevard. They
have paid the security deposit and one month’s rent. Yesterday
they moved their furniture in their new apartment.
The apartment has two bedrooms and one bathroom. It also has a
large living room, a dining room, and a small kitchen. It doesn’t
have a garage; it only has a carport. The bedrooms and the
bathroom are on the second floor, while the other rooms are on the
first floor.
Dave and Mary are very happy with their apartment. There is a bus
stop nearby, and the MAX train station is just a few blocks away. A
Fred Meyer grocery store is nearby, and a hospital is just a mile
away.
Vocabulary:
apartment
bathroom
bedroom
bus stop
car port
February 6, 2007
grocery store
hospital
kitchen
living room
MAX train stop
14
dining room
floor
garage
rent
security deposit
True or False:
1. David and Mary bought a house on Halsey Boulevard.
2. In David’s apartment, the living room, the dining room, and the
bedrooms are all on the same floor.
3. David and Mary like their new apartment, because it is located nearby
a bus station, the MAX station, and a grocery store.
Numbers: Ordinal Numbers
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
twentieth
twenty-first
We live on the first floor of the apartment building.
Mary is a fifth grade student
The bank is on thirty-ninth street.
Exercise: Write five sentences using ordinal numbers.
Grammar: Simple Past and Present Perfect, regular verbs
Simple Present
I call.
I start.
You look.
We learn.
They tutor.
Simple Past Present Perfect
I called
I have called
I started
I have started
You looked
You have looked
We learned
We have learned
They tutored
They have tutored
Exercise: Write five sentences with simple past and present perfect
forms of regular verbs.
February 6, 2007
15
Practice Session:
Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences with simple past and present perfect forms of
regular verbs.
2. Write five sentences using ordinal numbers
3. Write four sentences about the place where you live.
4. Look up apartment rentals in your newspaper, and write a report
about the variety of apartments and their monthly rents in your
city.
February 6, 2007
16
Lesson 4:
Rose City Neighborhood
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Know some vocabulary of city life.
Review common nouns and proper nouns.
Know possessive forms of nouns.
Know conjunctions: as, as if, that
Know paragraphs in written material.
Review: Homework of Lesson 3
Story: Getting to Know their Neighborhood
Dave and Mary are enjoying their apartment on Halsey Boulevard in
the Rose City neighborhood of Northeast Portland. Now they’re
getting to know their city and neighborhood.
Halsey Boulevard crosses N.E. Sandy Blvd. at 38th Avenue. That’s a
very busy intersection. A few blocks east from the intersection are
several banks, restaurants, and small shops. There’s even an old
movie theater.
Northeast Community Center is a half block north of the
intersection. Near the Center is the library, which is next to the
Senior Center. A big church is located west of the library.
Further east on Sandy Boulevard are a gas station, a post office and
the famous Rheinlander restaurant.
Paragraph: Our story consists of 4 paragraphs. A paragraph is a part of
a written work, which presents a complete thought.
A paragraph may be one sentence or several sentences.
February 6, 2007
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Vocabulary:
right
left
opposite
behind
between
next
intersection
building
park
bank
church
community center
gas station
movie theater
post office
restaurant
school
shop
True or False:
1. David and Mary’s apartment is located in the Lents neighborhood of
Portland.
2. A library, a church, and a senior center are near the intersection of
N.E. Sandy Boulevard and 38th Avenue.
3. The famous Rheinlander restaurant is a mile west of the intersection of
N.E. Sandy Boulevard and 38th Avenue.
Grammar:
Review: Nouns
Nouns identify people, places, animals, things, or ideas.
Common Nouns
boy
people
restaurant
church
Proper Nouns
John
People Thrift Shop
Rheinlander Restaurant
Lutheran Church
Exercise: Write five sentences with proper nouns.
February 6, 2007
18
New: Nouns – Possessive Forms
Mary has a father.
John has a nice car.
He is Mary’s father.
That is John’s car.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the possessive
forms of nouns.
Conjunction: as, as if, that
Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Do as the teacher told you.
He looks as if he is going to pass out.
I read in the paper that your house was sold.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write
Write
Write
Write
February 6, 2007
five sentences with common and proper nouns.
five sentences with the possessive forms of nouns.
five sentences with conjunctions as, as if, or that.
a report about your neighborhood.
19
Lesson 5: At Work
Objectives:
1. Know some vocabulary of the car service business.
2. Review possessive forms of nouns.
3. Know simple past and present perfect forms of some irregular
verbs.
4. Know coordinate conjunctions and, but.
Review: Homework of Lesson 4
Story: A Good Auto Mechanic
David works as a mechanic at a service station. He works full time,
8 hours a day, five days a week.
Last week was a very busy time. David came to work on Saturday,
and he earned overtime pay for that extra day’s work. His job
included changing tires, oil and filters. He replaced several dead
batteries. He tuned up several cars, replaced worn-out and broken
parts.
Every Friday at 5 o’clock David gets his weekly paycheck. David
works hard and he earns his pay. His customers are pleased with
his work. His boss is very happy with his work.
Vocabulary:
auto, car
automobile
battery
business
filter
oil
part
service station
tire
February 6, 2007
boss
customer
extra pay
full time
mechanic
overtime
pay
paycheck
to
to
to
to
to
to
break
change
earn
replace
wear out
work
20
True or False:
1. David works only part-time at a service station.
2. David’s job includes replacing broken and worn-out parts of a car.
3. David gets his paycheck once a week.
4. His boss is not happy with David’s work, because he is getting
complaints from the customers.
Grammar: Simple Past and Present Perfect
Perfect forms of irregular verbs
Simple Present
come
do
eat
find
go
hear
read
see
Simple Past
came
did
ate
found
went
heard
read
saw
Present Perfect
have come
have done
have eaten
have found
have gone
have heard
have read
have seen
David came to work early yesterday.
He went home late that evening.
He worked on many cars that day.
He knew how to repair them.
Exercise:
Make five sentences with simple past and present perfect forms of
irregular verbs.
February 6, 2007
21
Exercise:
Look up in your dictionary and write the simple past and present
perfect forms of the following verbs:
ask
break
catch
erase
fear
fight
have
keep
live
Coordinate Conjunctions: and, but
Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses.
David came to work early yesterday, and he went home late that
evening.
Mary wants to go to college, but she doesn’t have her high school
diploma.
Exercise: Write five sentences with conjunctions
and or but.
Practice Session:
Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences using simple past and present perfect forms of
irregular verbs.
2. In the dictionary look up ten new verbs with irregular past forms.
3. Write five sentences with coordinate conjunctions and or but.
4. Write a report about your work.
February 6, 2007
22
Lesson 6:
Getting a Checking Account
Objectives:
1. Know how to use can as a modal of ability.
2. Know more simple past and present perfect forms of irregular
verbs.
3. Know some banking vocabulary.
4. Know subordinate conjunctions: because, if, and while.
Review: Homework of Lesson 5
Story: Going to the Bank
David and Mary went to a local bank on Sandy Boulevard. They
were going to open a checking account. They brought their
paychecks with them. They wrote their signatures on the back of
the checks.
The bank clerk gave them an application form to fill out. Dave and
Mary wrote their names, address and telephone number. They also
listed their social security numbers. For identification they showed
the clerk their driver’s licenses.
The clerk accepted the completed form and the paychecks, and
showed Dave and Mary several samples of checkbooks. They
decided to get checks with a picture of Mount Hood.
The clerk completed the forms, and gave Dave and Mary a set of
checks. The clerk told them that the new checkbooks will come by
mail within a week. Dave and Mary were happy with the service at
their bank.
February 6, 2007
23
Vocabulary:
application form
bank
bank card
check
checking account
deposit
driver’s license
identification
social security number
True or False:
1. David and Mary went to local bank to cash their paychecks.
2. To open a checking account the bank clerk gave David and Mary an
application form to fill out.
3. David and Mary decided to get checks with the picture of sailboats on
the Columbia River.
Grammar:
Modal Verb of Ability: can
I can open a checking account in this bank.
You can drive the car on freeways.
He can write a check.
Exercise:
Write five sentences with can as a modal of ability.
More Simple Past and Present Perfect forms of irregular verbs
Simple Present
sit
stand
take
teach
write
Simple Past Present
sat
stood
took
taught
wrote
Perfect
have sat
have stood
have taken
have taught
have written
Exercise: Make five sentences with simple past and present perfect
forms of irregular verbs.
February 6, 2007
24
Subordinate Conjunctions: because, if, while.
Mary can go to college next semester, because she passed her GED
examinations.
We will go to the park with you, if you will drive us there.
At the park I will barbeque the meat, while you play with the kids.
Exercise: Make five sentences with the conjunctions because, if or
while.
Practice Session:
Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences with can as a modal of ability.
2. Write five sentences with simple past and present perfect forms of
irregular verbs.
3. Learn new words about banking in this lesson. Look up in your
dictionary those new words.
4. Write five sentences with subordinate conjunctions because, if or
while.
February 6, 2007
25
Lesson 7: Grandpa’s Birthday
Objectives:
1. Review adjectives forms.
2. Know some vocabulary of family members.
3. Know correlative conjunctions: either…or, neither…nor, both…and.
Review: Homework of Lesson 6
Story: Grandpa’s Birthday
Last Saturday David and his family celebrated Grandpa’s birthday.
It was a very happy occasion. Many uncles, aunts and cousins came
from out of town. Grandpa John has three children, six
granddaughters, four grandsons, and twelve great grandchildren.
Grandpa John is now ninety years old. He is very healthy. He walks
every day for several blocks and loves to tend the garden. He keeps
the grapevines trimmed, and keeps weeds out of the vegetable
garden. He takes good pictures of the flowers in the garden.
d
At the birthday party a big dinner was served. Everybody brought
presents for Grandpa. After the birthday cake was served, Grandpa
started opening his presents. He got a new set of garden tools and
more books for his gardening library. David bought his grandpa a
new digital camera.
Vocabulary:
grandfather
grandpa
grandmother
grandma
grandparents
grandson
granddaughter
February 6, 2007
uncle
aunt
nephew
niece
cousin
grandchild
birthday
celebrate
occasion
digital camera
grapevine
trim
weeds
26
True or False:
1. Grandpa will be 100 years old in ten years.
2. Grandpa has a total of twenty-five children, grandchildren and great
grandchildren.
3. David bought his grandpa a new golf-cart.
Grammar:
Review: Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They may specify size, color,
number, or quality.
a big dinner
a happy family
a portable toilet
the dangerous road
an active teenager
responsible people
a national holiday
the sugarless gum
a tasty treat
Exercise: Write five sentences with various forms of adjectives
using words of the vocabulary of family members listed above.
Correlative Conjunctions: either…or, neither…nor, both…and.
You can go either with me or with your brother.
He has called neither his wife nor his mother.
The assignment gave him both pleasure and experience.
Exercise: Write five sentences with correlative conjunctions
either…or, neither…nor, both…and using words of the vocabulary of
family members.
February 6, 2007
27
Writing: One-page Stories of Your Life
As part of your homework assignment you begin writing a weekly
one-page story about happenings in your life. You will share the
stories in class, and save them to be compiled into your own book
by the end of the course.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write five sentences with adjectives.
Write five sentences with comparative forms of adjectives.
Learn new words about family members.
Write a one-page story about your family.
February 6, 2007
28
Lesson 8: Buying Furniture
Objectives:
1. Know how to use the comparative forms of adjectives.
2. Know how to use the past progressive form of verbs.
3. Know some vocabulary of shopping and furniture.
Review: Homework of Lesson 7
Story:
Buying a New Sofa
Mary and David were shopping for a new sofa last week. They went to a
large furniture store downtown. It has many sofas on display. Dave and
Mary were comparing several sofas. They are careful shoppers.
Dave:
Mary:
David:
Mary:
David:
Mary, I like that red sofa there.
David, that color is too bright for our living room. What about
that brown one? It is larger, and also less expensive.
That color is just boring. Any other sofas you like, Mary?
Okay, what about that green one? It fits our living room
colors.
Hey, that sofa does fit our living room and our budget. Let’s
buy it.
Mary and David bought the green sofa, and the store delivered the sofa
the next day. Mary and David are pleased. They don’t have to shop for a
sofa any longer. They are now saving for a coffee table, a floor lamp, and
a rocking chair to buy later this year.
Vocabulary:
chair
china cabinet
coffee table
dining table
floor lamp
furniture
February 6, 2007
to
to
to
to
to
to
buy
compare
deliver
display
shop
save
29
rocking chair
sofa
store
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. The brown sofa is very expensive.
2. Mary said, that the red sofa was too bright for their living room.
3. David and Mary decided to go to another store to shop for a sofa.
Grammar:
Adjectives – Comparatives (-er, more, less)
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They may specify size, color,
number, or quality.
large
beautiful
expensive
-er
more
less
larger
more beautiful
less expensive
Don’t you have a larger ball?
Mary is more beautiful than Kathy.
This pearl necklace is less expensive than that one.
Exercise: Write five sentences with adjectives using comparatives
–er, more and less.
Verbs: Past Progressive
Form: simple past of to be + -ing form of verb
Positive
I was walking.
You were walking.
She was walking.
Negative
I wasn’t walking.
You weren’t walking.
She wasn’t walking.
Question
Was I walking?
Were you walking?
Was she walking?
Exercise: Write five sentences with positive, negative and question
forms of the past progressive.
February 6, 2007
30
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session:
Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write five sentences with positive, negative and question forms
of the past progressive.
Write five sentences with comparative adjectives.
Learn new words about shopping and furniture.
Write a one-page story about your house.
February 6, 2007
31
Lesson 9: Picnic at the Park
Objectives:
1. Know how to use superlative forms of adjectives.
2. Know how to use capitalizations.
3. Learn new vocabulary about outdoor recreation.
Review: Homework of Lesson 8
Story:
Last Saturday we had a most enjoyable outing. We went to Cascade
Locks for a family picnic. We selected the cleanest picnic table right
on the bank of the Columbia River. We could see boats sailing up
and down the river. Windsurfers with their colorful sails were all
over the river.
Mary brought the food, and David brought his softball set. John
started a charcoal fire in the barbeque pit. The hamburger patties
soon started roasting on the bright glowing charcoals. The pleasant
barbeque aroma drew everybody to the table. We were getting
hungry.
John shouted: “Come and get it!” Quickly everybody lined up for
their hamburgers. Each found a seat around the table, and David
asked for the Lord’s blessing for the most delicious picnic lunch.
Mm, it was yummy!
Vocabulary:
barbeque
barbeque pit
bench
games
February 6, 2007
park
picnic table
recreation
softball game
32
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Boats are sailing up and down the Columbia River.
2. David started a charcoal fire in the barbeque pit to grill the hamburger
patties.
3. Everybody found a seat around the table, and had a delicious lunch.
Grammar:
Adjectives – Superlatives (-est, most, least)
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They may specify size, color,
number, or quality.
large
beautiful
expensive
-est
most
least
largest
most beautiful
least expensive
The new hotel is the largest building in our city.
Mary is the most beautiful girl I have ever met.
This bead necklace is the least expensive of the whole collection.
Exercise: Write five sentences with adjectives using superlatives
–est, most, and least.
Capitalization:
1. Capitalize the first word of each sentence, whether or not it is a
complete sentence.
We go to the park.
Which one?
2. Capitalize all proper nouns that are names of individuals.
David Brown and Mary Smith are cousins.
Robert E. Lee was a general.
February 6, 2007
33
3. Capitalize points of compass when they designate geographical
parts of a country.
The Pacific Northwest.
North Portland
My house faces west.
Salem is south of Portland.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences with capitalizations.
2. Write five sentences with adjectives using superlatives
–est, most or least.
3. Learn the new words and grammatical terms in this lesson.
4. Write a one-page story about a family outing.
February 6, 2007
34
Lesson 10: Your Own Computer
Objectives:
1. Know how to use modals of permission: can, may.
2. Know how to use the period.
3. Learn words about computers.
Review: Homework of Lesson 9
Story: Learning to Use Your Computer
David and Mary just bought a new computer. David called his friend
Roger to come over and help assemble it. Roger came over right
away. He is quite good with computers, and he loves to play with
them.
They unpacked the big box, and took out several packages. The
computer had so many different hardware parts: the cpu (central
processing unit,) the monitor, the keyboard, the printer, two small
speakers, and a bunch of cables. A set of CD’s contained the
software for the computer, and there was an instruction manual.
They carefully followed the instructions in the manual as they put
the computer together. It didn’t take them too long. Roger checked
all the cables, and turned the computer on. Very soon the computer
was humming softly, and David hummed along happily. Roger
installed the software following all the steps listed in the manual. At
last, the monitor flashed a bright welcome message: “Welcome,
David and Mary, to your brand new computer!”
David and Mary were ready to use their computer. David wanted to
keep his correspondence on separate files in a Mail Directory, and
Mary wanted to start a computer file of her collection of recipes
from all over the world.
February 6, 2007
35
Vocabulary:
computer
cpu (central processing unit)
CD (compact disk)
directory
file
floppy disk
hard disk
software
hardware
keyboard
monitor
printer
word processing
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. David and Mary bought a new computer, and assembled it all by
themselves.
2.The best way to assemble a computer is to follow the instruction
manual carefully.
3. Roger installed the software following the instruction in the manual.
Grammar:
Modal Verbs of Permission: can, may
Mom, it’s so stuffy in here. Can I open the window?
Yes, you can open the window now.
Dad, I have a date tomorrow evening. May I use the car?
Yes, you may, but drive carefully.
Exercise:
Write five sentences with can and may as a modal of
permission.
Punctuation: Period
Place a period at the end of the following:
Declarative sentence:
My house is small.
Indirect question:
February 6, 2007
36
I don’t know why he didn’t come yesterday.
Imperative sentence:
Leave your books here.
After a request:
May I have your attention.
Exercise: Write sentences using periods for the three cases
above.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write five sentences with modals of permission: can or may.
Practice the use of periods.
Learn words about computers.
Write a one-page story about your or someone’s computer.
February 6, 2007
37
Lesson 11:
Attending a Wedding
Objectives:
1. Know how to use
up.
2. Know how to use
3. Know how to use
4. Learn new words
adverbs of location and direction: here, indoors,
comma punctuations.
prepositional phrases with live.
about family and marriage.
Review: Homework of Lesson 10
Story: Our Cousin Got Married.
Cousin Paul got married to Marge last week. Their wedding was at
Rose City Church. Several hundred family members and friends
attended the wedding.
The bride and her bridesmaids were dressed in white, while the
bridegroom and his best man were in black tuxedoes. The flower
girl, who was Marge’s niece Lizzy, was dressed in pink.
The bride and bridegroom exchanged rings after they said their
wedding vows. The pastor then gave a message. We proudly
watched as the newly married couple came down the aisle.
The guests went through the line congratulating the new couple and
their parents. They celebrated their wedding with a dinner in the
church’s fellowship hall. The new couple sliced the beautiful
wedding cake, and everybody enjoyed the tasty cake.
It was a very happy wedding celebration. Everybody wished the
new couple a wonderful start of their new life together.
February 6, 2007
38
Vocabulary:
marriage
to marry
to wed
wedding
wedding vows
bride
bridegroom
bridesmaid
best man
flower girl
pastor
church
wedding ring
wedding cake
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Cousin Paul’s wedding was attended by just a hundred people.
2. The bride and bridegroom said their wedding vows first, and then they
exchanged rings.
3. They celebrated the wedding in a nearby restaurant, and it cost them a
lot of money.
Grammar:
Adverbs of Location and Direction: here, indoors, up.
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
They specify in what manner, when, where, how much, and how often.
Last summer our children came here for their vacation.
Our son drove up from Arizona.
Because of the rain, they stayed indoors many days.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the adverbs here, indoors and
up.
February 6, 2007
39
Prepositional Phrases with live
Prepositions show how a noun or pronoun is related to another word in a
sentence.
They live at the Benson Hotel.
We live in Oregon.
David lives on Spruce Street.
Exercise: Write three sentences with the prepositional phrases.
Punctuation: Comma - is like a pause to take a breath or to
indicate a clause.
Use a comma with coordinate conjunctions.
Dave bought a book, and his wife bought a pen.
I want to come home, but he wants to stay.
Use a comma to separate words and phrases in a series.
After the long hike we felt tired, dirty, and sore.
Don’t use a comma when the conjunction and connects all the
words in the series.
Reading and writing and arithmetic are still basic.
Exercise: Write five sentences using comma punctuations.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences with adverbs of location and direction: here,
indoors or up.
2. Write three sentences with the prepositional phrases.
3. Practice the use of comma punctuations in sentences.
4. Write a one-page story about a wedding in your community.
February 6, 2007
40
Lesson 12: Planting a Garden
Objectives:
1. Know how to use future forms of verbs.
2. Know how to use semicolon punctuation.
3. Learn new words about gardening.
Review: Homework of Lesson 11
Story: Vegetables and Flowers
Spring has arrived, and we will work in our garden again. We will
weed the whole garden, and prune several overgrown rose bushes.
Barb loves roses, and we have planted a dozen rose bushes of
different varieties. This year we will dig out several rose bushes,
which have not flowered at all.
We will have more space to plant more vegetables. We will decide
what to plant this year. We learned that eggplant didn’t grow well in
our garden. Green beans, zucchinis and tomatoes have done well.
We will also plant some marigolds to add color to the garden. Near
the kitchen door we will keep a few pots with herbs.
We will dig up good compost from our compost pile. We don’t like
to use chemical pesticide; so we will buy a bag of ladybugs to
control the aphids. The garden takes a few hours each day to do
the watering and weeding. It is a good way to relax.
Vocabulary:
marigold
rose
compost
eggplant
green beans
tomatoes
herbs
February 6, 2007
fertilizer
chemical pesticides
ladybugs
aphids
watering
weeding
zucchinis
41
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Barb loves roses. We planted many rose bushes, and we will keep
them all.
2. We will plant tomatoes, eggplants and green beans this year.
3. We don’t like to use chemical pesticides.
Grammar:
Verb – Future (will, be going to)
Next year we will travel to Indiana for our family gathering.
Many of our children and grandchildren will be there.
I am going to Indiana next week.
Questions:
Will you grow some tomatoes this year?
Will he go to the mall next week?
Is she going to call tomorrow?
Exercise: Write five sentences with future tense using will or be
going to.
Punctuation: Semicolon
Use a semicolon between two main ideas when no conjunction is
used to join them.
We like to stay home during a busy holiday; others prefer to
drive away from home as far as possible.
Or: We like to stay home during a busy holiday, while others
prefer to drive as far as possible away from home.
Use a semicolon between two ideas when the second main idea
functions to explain the first.
February 6, 2007
42
We take care of our garden well; for example, we made good
compost for fertilizer and buy organic pesticides.
Exercise: Write five sentences using semicolons.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write five sentences with future forms of verbs.
Practice the use of semicolon punctuation.
Learn new words about gardening.
Write a one-page story about your gardening experience.
February 6, 2007
43
Lesson 13: Buying a New Car
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know how to use
Know how to use
Know how to use
Learn new words
modals of necessity: must, have to
prepositional phrases with agree.
colon punctuation.
about cars.
Review: Homework of Lesson 12
Story: Shopping for a Car
David and Mary must get a new car. Their ten-year old car was not
worth repairing. Dave and Mary are careful shoppers. First they go
to the library, and read car magazines. Then they look over the
classified ads in the Oregonian.
They don’t have much money, so they have to buy an inexpensive
car. The small Panda made in China is one of their choices. It gets
about 40 miles per gallon, and it has an excellent maintenance
record. They can get a two-year old Panda for less than six
thousand dollars.
They visit several local car dealers, test-drive a few models, and
check their sticker prices. They decide to buy a blue two-door 2004
Panda for $5,800. They have to read the purchase agreement
carefully. For their old car, they get only a few hundred dollars
trade-in credit. David and Mary finally sign the purchase
agreement.
They have to apply for a new registration and insurance for the car.
Then they can drive their new car home. David and Mary are happy
with their new Panda.
February 6, 2007
44
Vocabulary:
car dealer
classified ad
insurance
maintenance record
miles per gallon
registration
purchase agreement
sticker price
trade in credit
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. The Panda is an inexpensive car made in Korea.
2. It shows excellent maintenance records, and gets about 40 miles per
gallon.
3. For their old car David and Mary get almost a thousand dollars trade-in
credit.
Grammar:
Modal Verbs of Necessity: must and have to.
Students, you must turn in your homework next Wednesday.
I have to go home now; it is getting late.
Exercise: Write five sentences with must and have to as modals of
necessity.
Prepositional Phrases with agree
Let us agree on limiting the agenda of this meeting.
Mary agrees with David on the kind of car they can afford.
Exercise: Write three sentences with the prepositional
phrases.
February 6, 2007
45
Punctuation: Colon
Use a colon to introduce a list, a statement or an illustration.
Here is my agenda for this week: finish this draft, send some
e-mails, and complete and mail my tax return.
The champion bicycle racer has one outstanding strength: he
has great speed.
The colon introduces a business letter, it is called the
salutation:
Dear Editor:
Your comments in the July 10 editorial are quite correct.
Exercise: Write the beginning sentence of a letter to your
teacher, using colon punctuation in the salutation.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write
Write
Write
Write
February 6, 2007
five sentences using the modals of necessity must or have to.
four sentences with the prepositional phrases.
three salutations with colon punctuation.
a one-page story about your car.
46
Lesson 14: A Musical Evening
Objectives:
1. Know how to use adverbs of time and frequency: now, early, never,
always.
2. Know how to use question mark punctuation.
3. Learn new words about music.
Review: Homework of Lesson 13
Story: A Family Music Evening
During Easter vacation our church fellowship had a delightful music
evening. Many young people who were attending college out of
town came home. Some are talented musically, particularly the
Gordon brothers. Jim Gordon plays guitar and keyboard, while his
brother John plays the drum. You can always count on them for
several numbers in a music show.
Saturday evening the sanctuary was brightly lit and full of people.
The pastor opened the evening with a word of welcome and a
prayer. The first number was an old Easter hymn presented by a
ladies’ trio. The second number was a guitar solo by Jim Gordon.
The young people’s hand-bell choir presented the third number.
Then the church choir presented several hymns accompanied by the
Gordon brothers.
The audience got involved with enthusiastic clapping. On several
occasions they sang along. After the intermission, the audience was
allowed to ask the choir to sing some of their favorite hymns. It
was a delightful Easter celebration.
Vocabulary:
choir
drum
duet
February 6, 2007
keyboard
piano
sing-along
47
flute
guitar
hand-bell choir
hymn
solo
trio
trumpet
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Jim Gordon is quite talented musically; he plays the drum and
keyboard.
2. The young people’s hand-bell choir presented a number, and so did a
trio.
3. The audience was allowed to ask the choir to sing some of their
favorite hymns.
Grammar:
Adverbs of Frequency: now, early, never, always.
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
They specify in what manner, when, where, how much, and how often.
Would you please come home now, David!
He gets up early in the morning.
She never goes home by herself when it is dark.
He is always on time for school.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the adverbs now, early, never,
always.
Punctuation: Question Mark
Use a question mark at the end of a direct question.
“Where are the students?” asked the teacher.
An indirect question ends with a period.
The teacher asked where the students were.
Use a question mark after a quoted question at the end of a
sentence but before the end quotation mark.
February 6, 2007
48
The topic he will discuss is “How can we save more money?”
Exercise: Write three sentences with question marks.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Know how to use adverbs of time and frequency: now, early, never,
always.
2. Write three sentences using question marks.
3. Learn new words about music.
4. Write a one-page story about a community celebration.
February 6, 2007
49
Lesson 15: A Camping Trip
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know how to use
Know how to use
Know how to use
Learn new words
active and passive voices of verbs.
prepositional phrases with differ.
exclamation points.
camping and outdoors.
Review: Homework of Lesson 14
Story: Camping at Cape Perpetua
Our favorite campground is Cape Perpetua, which is on the Oregon
coast about 25 miles south of Newport. It is an old camp
constructed during the Depression Years of the 30’s. Most of the
campsites are partly surrounded by full-grown bushes providing
excellent privacy.
We arrived at the campground just after noon, selected a secluded
campsite and paid the camp fee. We planned to stay there for three
days. We could extend that for a few more days.
We unpacked our camping gear from the car. I set up the umbrella
tent, and unpacked the sleeping bags. I helped Barb set up the
portable cook-stove and cooking utensils on the picnic table. We
had a quick lunch, and explored the area. We took a short hike on
the trail leading to the beach.
We bought two bundles of firewood for the evening. I cleaned the
fire-pit, and started the fire easily with some dry sticks. We had
our dinner in front of a bright campfire. The evening was getting
cool, and the warming heat of the campfire was just right for the
occasion.
February 6, 2007
50
Vocabulary:
campsite
camp fire
cooking utensils
portable stove
lantern
sleeping bag
tent
hiking trail
panorama
view point
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Camp Perpetua is an old campground built during the Depression
years.
2. Barb set up the portable cook-stove and kitchen utensils on the picnic
table all by herself.
3. The firewood was wet, and I couldn’t get the fire started.
Grammar:
Verbs: Voices of verbs, active and passive
The voice of a verb shows whether the subject of the verb performs the
action (active voice) or receives the action (passive voice.)
Active: David feeds the cat.
Passive: The cat is being fed.
Active: John is washing the car.
Passive: The car is being washed.
Active: We bought a computer last week.
Passive: The computer was bought last week.
Exercise: Write two sentences each using active and passive voices
of verbs.
February 6, 2007
51
Prepositional Phrases with differ
People differ about the progress of our country.
David differs from John in physical appearance.
We differ in our opinions about our vacation.
The students differ on their religious beliefs.
Mary differs with Paula about how to discipline their children.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the prepositional phrases.
Punctuation: Exclamation Point
Use an exclamation point to mark an exclamatory word, phrase, or
sentence.
“Not having a opportunity to learn is bad!” declared the students.
After all the training, you still can’t do much better!
You took off before the starting gun sounded. Really, that
isn’t fair!
Exercise: Write three sentences using the exclamation point.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write
Write
Write
Write
February 6, 2007
four sentences with active and passive voices of verbs.
five sentences with the prepositional phrases.
three sentences using exclamation points.
a one-page story about camping and outdoors.
52
Lesson 16: A Medical Emergency
Objectives:
1. Know how to use modals of polite questions: would, could, should.
2. Know how to use the apostrophe.
3. Learn new words about medical services.
Review: Homework of Lesson 15
Story: A Heart Attack
Grandpa John was working in the garden with Grandma, when he
suddenly felt something heavy in his left chest. He had trouble
breathing, and he sat down on the grass.
Grandma came to him immediately, and told him to lie down on the
grass. She went to the telephone in the house, and called 911:
“Operator, my husband is seriously ill; he has trouble breathing.”
The operator responded: “Okay, lady, what is your address?”
Grandma gave the operator their home address.
“Okay, lady. We’re sending the ambulance over. Stay with your
husband.”
Within three minutes an ambulance came screaming down the
street, and stopped in front of the house. Several paramedics
carrying their equipment rushed to the backyard, where Grandpa
was lying. They made a medical inspection quickly, placed Grandpa
on a litter, and carried him into the ambulance. They drove the
ambulance quickly to the hospital.
Grandma was by her husband’s side, when the doctor examined
him. The doctor determined that Grandpa had a slight heart attack.
Grandpa would stay in the hospital for several days to be observed
and to recuperate. The whole family was thankful that Grandpa was
taken care of so well during his medical emergency.
February 6, 2007
53
Vocabulary:
911 telephone operator
ambulance
emergency
hospital
litter
medical emergency
paramedic
recuperate
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Grandpa suddenly had trouble breathing, and sat down on the lawn
chair.
2. Grandma rushed to the neighbor’s house, and borrowed their
telephone to call 911.
3. The telephone operator responded immediately, and told Grandma that
the ambulance would be coming soon.
4. In a minute the ambulance came screaming down the street, and
stopped in front of the house.
5. Grandpa had a slight heart attack, and needed to stay in the hospital
to be observed and to recuperate.
Grammar:
Modal Verbs for Polite Questions: would, could, should
Would you please take this book to your teacher?
Could you come home now, and mow the lawn?
Should we bring the pictures next Sunday?
Exercise: Write five sentences with the modals would, could, or can in
polite questions.
February 6, 2007
54
Punctuation: Apostrophe
To form the possessive singular of nouns, add an apostrophe and s.
the boy’s bike
the teacher’s book
the witness’s testimony
To form the possessive plural of nouns, add an apostrophe if the
plural ends in s.
the boys’ bikes
the teachers’ books
the witnesses’ testimony
If the plural does not end in s, add an apostrophe and s.
the children’s toys
the men’s hats
Exercise: Write four sentences using apostrophes.
Sharing Your Story: Students discuss their one-page stories.
Practice Session: Students practice in pairs without the tutor.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences using modals of polite questions: would, could
or should.
2. Write a five-sentence story about an emergency situation using
several apostrophes.
3. Learn new words about medical services.
4. Write a one-page story about a family medical emergency.
February 6, 2007
55
Lesson 17: Keeping Healthy
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know how to use
Know how to use
Know how to use
Learn new words
adjectives of comparison: as…as.
prepositional phrases with enter.
quotation marks.
about the health.
Review: Homework of Lesson 16
Story:
Maintaining Our Health
Grandpa John is recovering from his heart attack. He takes a walk
around the block everyday. He doesn’t walk as fast as he used to,
and he takes the time to stop and chat with his neighbors. They are
of various ages: little kids, their parents and a few older people.
Maintaining friendships is his effort to keep himself emotionally
healthy.
Grandpa also maintains his habit of reading at least one-hour a day.
He loves to read gardening books and magazines. He keeps up with
new developments in that area. It’s a good habit to keep himself
mentally healthy.
His daily walk and gardening work are good physical activities. They
help Grandpa John to keep physically fit. Grandma always cooks
simple and healthy dishes: low in cholesterol and fat. Balanced
nutrition is very important in maintaining someone’s physical
health.
Finally, Grandpa John goes every Sunday with Grandma to Sunday
worship services at their church. They also attend the senior adults
Sunday School. They are keeping their spiritual health.
February 6, 2007
56
Vocabulary:
health
physical
emotional
mental
spiritual
nutrition
cholesterol
fat
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Grandpa is taking long walks every day while recuperating from his
heart attack.
2. Maintaining our health takes many forms: physical, emotional, mental
and spiritual.
3. Grandma is always busy in the kitchen, where she cooks big elaborate
dinners every day.
4. Grandpa John attends Sunday School and worship services with
Grandma every Sunday.
Grammar:
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They may specify size, color,
number, or quality.
Adjectives of comparison: as…as
This rose is almost as beautiful as an orchid.
My oldest brother is very strong, he is as strong as my uncle who
was a champion wrestler.
Exercise: Write four sentences with adjective of comparison as…as.
Prepositional Phrases with enter
Please enter at the front gate.
David has entered the tennis tournament.
The workers entered into an agreement with the
management.
February 6, 2007
57
Exercise: Write three sentences with the prepositional
phrases.
Punctuation: Quotation Marks
Use double quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation.
Jim says: “Let’s do the exercises.”
With the comma and the period, place quotation marks outside.
“We shall remember you,” said the pastor, “as a dedicated leader, a
cheerful giver, and an awful singer.”
Exercise: Write three sentences using quotation marks.
Writing: Draft your book.
Compile your one-page stories into a first draft of your own book: My Life
Story.
Homework:
1. Write a five-sentence story about your health using adjectives of
comparison: as…as and prepositional phrases.
2. Write three sentences using quotation marks.
3. Learn new words about health.
4. Write a one-page story about maintaining health in your family.
February 6, 2007
58
Lesson 18: Making Friends
Objectives:
1. Know how to use modals of advice: should.
2. Know how to use phrases with up or down.
3. Learn new words about making friends.
Review: Homework of Lesson 17
Story: Be Friendly
Everybody is so busy, that nobody has time to even know their
neighbor next door. That is a usual complaint in this busy world.
But we can make our life richer by making new friends. We can
start by being friendly. How do you do that?
Easy: Start by putting a smile on your face. Make it a habit to chat
with people you meet in your daily life: the mailman, the apartment
manager, the checkout lady in the grocery store, and the waitress
in your favorite restaurant. The smile on your face invites people to
smile back at you, and it can be the beginning of a new friendship.
Take an interest in people you meet. People like to be called by
their name. The next time you go to a restaurant, note the name of
the waitress serving you. Suppose it is Mary, then after you place
your order, just say: “Thank you, Mary.” You have now
acknowledged her as a person, and you have made a friend. You
are probably the only person who called her by her name all the
day long.
Making friends is really not that difficult, because all of us want to
have friends. Just start by being friendly to people you meet.
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Vocabulary:
acknowledge
checkout lady
complaint
habit
kindness
take an interest
waiter
waitress
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. It is hard to make friends, so why bother.
2. It is so difficult to smile.
3. A smile can start a new friendship.
4. Calling a waitress by their name is not proper.
5. We all wish we had more friends.
Grammar:
Modal Verb of Advice: should
Mary, you should keep the baby warm.
Boys, you should do your homework early in the evening.
Exercise: Write five sentences with the modal of advice should.
Phrases with up and down
Indicating completion:
Please fill up the tank.
Please hurry up.
Drink up your milk!
Indicating intensity:
I am burning up.
The house was burned down.
The shopkeeper closes up her store at eleven o’clock.
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The police closed down the gambling casino.
John loaded up on energy foods before running the marathon.
The donkey was loaded down with two heavy sacks of camping supplies.
Exercise:
Use your dictionary to learn how to use the following sets of verbs:
get
look
pass
put
run
take
get up
look up
pass up
put up
run up
take up
Writing: Draft the title page and the introduction.
Edit your draft. Draft the title page and the introduction.
Homework:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write five sentences with modals of advice: should.
Write five sentences with up or down.
Write a one-page story about your experience of making friends.
Edit the draft of your book: My Life Story.
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Lesson 19: Continue Learning!
Objectives:
1. Know how to use adverbs of manner of action: slowly, carefully.
2. Know how to use prepositional phrases with by.
3. Learn words about learning activities.
Review: Homework of Lesson 18
Story: Learning can be Fun.
Many adults are convinced, that they aren’t able to learn anymore.
Some may sadly remember a very unfortunate event at school in
their childhood, and now they consider learning just a wasteful and
boring activity. Learning can really be an enjoyable hobby, and it
doesn’t need to happen in a class.
We can learn a lot about important happenings in the world while
watching the news on TV. Barb and I enjoy watching programs on
the Oregon Public Broadcasting channel, such as NOVA and
Globetrekker. Last week we learned about crocodile caves in
Madagascar, and we watched a dangerous climb of Mount Everest
from our easy chairs in the living room.
We regularly buy second hand books in thrift shops. Recently I
picked up a book about Egyptian hieroglyphics, and I learned about
some of its grammar and alphabet. I didn’t know that the Egyptians
were using that kind of writing system seven thousand years ago.
The internet is a very good source of study. A month ago I found a
web site which presents the Javanese language, my mother tongue.
I haven’t spoken that language for more than sixty years, and now
I have the opportunity to refresh my memory and regain my
fluency. It was a great blessing.
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Vocabulary:
Egyptian
hieroglyphics
hobby
Javanese
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Learning doesn’t need to happen in class; we can learn by watching TV
or reading a book at home.
2. Barb and I never watch any of the Oregon Public Broadcasting
programs.
3. We learned that there are crocodiles in Madagascar, not just in my old
country Indonesia.
4. We bought a brand new book on Egyptian hieroglyphics at the Barnes
and Noble bookstore.
5. I have the opportunity to regain my fluency of Javanese language.
Grammar:
Adverbs of Manner of Action: slowly, carefully.
Mary had a bad case of flu; she is slowly recovering now.
This mountain trail is steep and slippery. People are advised to hike
carefully.
Exercise: Write four sentences with adverbs of manner of action.
Prepositional Phrases with by.
The preposition by usually means near.
She is standing by the telephone booth.
Used with time, it means no later than.
He usually comes home by seven in the evening.
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63
With verbs of motion by can suggest: to avoid or to ignore.
She just walked right by me.
Death passes him by.
Writing: Edit your life storybook draft.
Edit your draft: make corrections, additions and deletions.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences using adverbs: slowly, carefully.
2. Write five sentences with the preposition by.
3. Final-edit and make copies of your book.
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Lesson 20:
Christmas Celebration
Objectives:
1. Know how to use modals of possibility: might.
2. Know how to express numbers.
3. Learn words about Christmas celebration.
Review: Homework of Lesson 19
Story: Merry Christmas
Christmas is celebrated in churches and many homes in our
country. The event is really to celebrate the birthday of Jesus
Christ. However, Santa Claus has become a permanent feature of
Christmas. Many children expect to get nice new toys.
In many living rooms there will be a brightly lit Christmas tree with
many colorful packages heaped on the floor around the tree. On
Christmas Day family members and friends give their presents to
one another. It is a time of joy and thanksgiving.
The postal and parcel delivery services are very busy during this
time. People renewed their friendships by sending Christmas cards
to one another. Packages of gifts are sent all around the country.
Christians and churches celebrate Christmas in various ways. There
are more people attending church during the Christmas holidays.
You can hear joyful Christmas carols sung and played on
instruments. The pastors give messages on the birth of Jesus Christ
in Bethlehem. It is a time of rejoicing and strengthening their faith.
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Vocabulary:
Christmas
Christmas carol
Christmas tree
faith
to rejoice
to strengthen
permanent
feature
True or False: (According to the story in this lesson)
1. Christmas is to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, but most children
are also thinking of Santa Claus and nice toys.
2. During Christmas, brightly lit Christmas trees are found in many living
rooms in our country.
3. Christmas carols are sung in school.
4. Jesus Christ was born in the town of Nazareth in Israel.
5. For Christians, Christmas is a happy time that strengthens their faith.
Grammar:
Modal Verb of Possibility: might
Be careful climbing that tree. You might fall.
I’m not sure about the weather today. It might rain.
We might miss the bus if we wait for Sis any longer.
Exercise: Write three sentences with the modal of possibility might.
Expressing Numbers
1. Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence:
Three carloads of kids left for summer camp.
2. Spell out numbers from one through ten within a sentence, except
in a series of related numbers:
He has five books.
The two boys downed 6 hamburgers, 4 orders of French fries and 4
cans of soda.
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3. Fractions standing alone or expressed in a single compound word
are usually written out: half a bushel, a third of a mile.
Exercise: Write three sentences with numbers.
Writing: Present your book in class.
Students present their books in class submitting them for
discussions.
Homework:
1. Write five sentences using modals of possibility: might.
2. Learn how to express numbers in sentences.
3. Make copies of your book.
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Grammar Review
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They may specify size, color,
number, or quality.
a pretty girl, a big house, a red flower
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
They specify in what manner, when, where, how much, and how often.
Where?
When?
How?
How often?
Here, there, everywhere
Now, later, tomorrow
Slowly, happily
Always, never, every week
Articles introduce a noun, and indicate how specific the noun is.
Indefinite articles: a, an
Definite articles: the
Conjunctions join words, phrases and clauses.
Coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but, so
Subordinating conjunctions: after, because, unless, although
Nouns identify people, places, animals, things, and ideas.
Common nouns: table, chair, student
Proper nouns: Starts with a capital letter: Mario, Portland, Mexico
Count nouns: Can be counted: one book, many books
Non-count noun: Have only singular forms: water, much water,
air, much air.
Possessive forms: John’s mother, the girls’ parents
Case refers to the form of a noun or pronoun which shows its
relationship with other words in a sentence.
English language has three cases:
Nominative
Possessive
Objective
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Prepositions show how a noun or pronoun is positioned in relation to
another word in a sentence.
Indicating location or direction: on the desk, in the house,
go to the blackboard, across the street
Indicating time: on Sunday, since 9 AM, before class,
during the day.
Other relationships: He walks with a cane. I play this music
for you.
Pronouns replace nouns or phrases.
Personal pronouns and adjectives: I, me, myself, my, mine
Indefinite pronouns: someone, anything, everybody, nowhere
Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
These balls are larger than those.
Verbs show actions, feelings, or states of being, and also indicate the
time of action, feeling or states of being.
Tenses express the time of action:
Simple Present:
I
Present Continuous:
I
Simple Past:
I
Past Continuous:
I
Present Perfect:
I
Past Perfect
I
Present Perfect Continuous: I
Past Perfect Continuous:
I
Simple Future:
I
Future Continuous:
I
Future Perfect:
I
Future Perfect Continuous: I
talk.
am talking.
talked.
was talking.
have talked.
had talked.
have been talking.
had been talking.
will talk.
will be talking.
will have talked.
will have been talking.
Auxiliary verbs: to be, to have, to do.
Modal verbs: can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, may, might
Regular verb forms:
Base form:
Infinitive:
Simple Past:
Past Participle:
Present Participle:
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talk
to talk
talked
talked
talking
69
Irregular verb forms:
buy
eat
read
see
bought
ate
read
saw
bought
eaten
read
seen
Punctuations
Period
Comma
Semicolon
Colon
Question Mark
Exclamation Point
Apostrophe
Quotation Marks
Dash
Parentheses
Brackets
Principal Parts of Verbs
Present
Indicative
Past
Indicative
Past
Participle
am
awake
beat
begin
bend
was
awoke
beat
began
bent
been
awaked
beaten
begun
bent
blow
break
bring
catch
choose
blew
broke
brought
caught
chose
blown
broken
brought
caught
chosen
climb
come
do
climbed
came
did
climbed
come
done
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drink
fall
drank
fell
drunk
fallen
flow
fly
forget
get
go
flowed
flew
forgot
got
went
flowed
flown
forgotten
got, gotten
gone
grow
lay (to put; to place)
lead
lie (to recline)
lie (to tell falsehood)
grew
laid
led
lay
lied
grown
laid
led
lain
lied
pay
run
say
show
sing
paid
ran
said
showed
sang, sung
paid
run
said
shown, showed
sung
sit
speak
stay
stop
take
sat
spoke
stayed
stopped
took
sat
spoken
stayed
stopped
taken
teach
throw
wear
win
write
taught
threw
wore
won
wrote
taught
thrown
worn
won
written
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Bibliography
Alward, Edgar and Jean Alward, Punctuation Plain and Simple, New York:
Barnes and Noble, 2000.
The American Heritage English as a Second Language Dictionary, New
York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.
Shepheard, John, English Grammar, Lincolnwood, Illinois:
NTC/Contemporary Publishing Company, 2001
Shertzer, Margaret, The Elements of Grammar, New York: Barnes and
Noble, 2001
Spark Charts, ESL and EFL Grammar, New York: Barnes and Noble,
Sparknotes LLC, 2004
Spark Charts, ESL and EFL Vocabulary, New York: Barnes and Noble
Sparknotes LLC, 2004
Sumantri, Boone, Reflections, Write Your Life Story for Family and
Friends, Portland, OR: Hand to the Plow Publishers, 2004
Sumantri, Boone, A Movable Childhood, Life Story Sketches, Volume 1,
Portland, OR: Hand to the Plow Publishers, 2002
Sumantri, Boone, Birthing a Nation, West Java Operations, Life Story
Sketches, Volume 2, Portland, OR: Hand to the Plow Publishers, 2004
February 6, 2007
72
The Author
Boone Sumantri, an Indonesian by birth, is looking forward to become an octogenarian
this year (2007.) With his wife, Barbara, they have lived in Portland, Oregon for more
than twenty years. He is an associate and advisor of Community Vision International,
Inc. Developing the Essential English ESL ministry is close to his heart.
They moved to Logansport, IN last year to be closer to family. Barbara and Boone are
now members of the Logansport First Nazarene Church, and are enjoying the relaxed
and friendliness of the rural community. Emmaus Mission Center, a local ministry to the
poor and homeless provides Boone an excellent opportunity to serve.
He plans to spend the next ten years in the study of sociolinguistics aspects of several
Austronesian languages, which include Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, Hawaiian, and
Malagasy. It is a long way from his formal academic preparation. He earned his Ph.D. in
chemical engineering in 1963 at Pennsylvania State University.
He did chemical engineering research at Penn State, but his work experience ranged
from engineering design to providing sheltering to homeless families. He was an
economic analyst at an Indonesian subsidiary of Exxon, and served on the executive
management team of Applied Science Laboratories in State College, Pennsylvania and
Coast Engineering Laboratories in Gardena, California.
He taught international development at Warner Southern College in Lake Wales, Florida,
urban studies at the Asian American Bible College and Western Seminary in Portland,
Oregon. Networking with the Gardena City Human Services Department in Southern
California he opened his own house as a homeless shelter, and learned first hand about
the complexities faced by the poor in an urban environment. He initiated the Isaiah
House homeless sheltering ministries in Gardena, California and Portland, Oregon. He
co-directed the multicultural committee of the 1992 Billy Graham Crusade in Portland.
He founded several ministries, including Lake Wales Care Center in Florida and
Operation Care in Portland. He has served on the executive and program staff of Food
for the Hungry in Phoenix, Arizona and Mercy Corps International in Portland.
In his younger years he actively pursued bicycling, camping, hiking, backpacking,
canoeing and foil fencing. He founded and organized a hiking club, which designed and
built the Central Allegheny Trail in Pennsylvania. It has become part of the Midstate
Trail. He also designed a hundred mile trail through Death Valley, which he named the
Jubilee Trail.
His fondest outdoors memories are reaching the summit of 14,000 ft Mount Whitney and
looking down on the valley thousands feet below. He accomplished that three times. He
trained members of the Mt. Whitney teams on the 10,000 ft Mt. San Antonio (Mt. Baldy)
in Southern California.
He is now preparing himself to coach foil fencing at Advancers Fencing Team, which he
organized to serve advancing age persons. The daily physical conditioning for fencing
practice has strengthened his body, and he resolved to do the 5K run at the River Bluff
Trail next August. That will be his 80th birthday present.
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