UNIT 1 PART 3
World History
Unit 1: Part 2 Rise of Civilizations in Europe Ancient Greece
Elaborated Unit Focus: This unit centers on the rise of civilizations in Asia, Africa, and Europe. The origins and
spread of world religions, social organization, and commercial interactions of ancient world civilizations will be
analyzed. The complex interactions that developed between the Middle East, Asia and Europe will be examined.
In addition the cultural legacy of the Greco-Roman world, including systems of government and the impact of
Roman law, will be examined.
Enduring Understandings and Unit Essential Questions
The movement of people and ideas through trade results in cultural diffusion.
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How did writing influence the ancient civilizations? (SSWH1d)
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How did ancient civilizations interact with each other? (SSWH1a,d; SSWH2b,d; SSWH3a)
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How did cultural diffusion across time and geography create the golden or classical ages in the Mediterranean World, China and India?
(SSWH1d,e)
Power, authority and governance evolve through the rise and fall of empires and nations.
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How did imperial structures affect the societies of Rome, the Gupta Empire and the Han China?
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How did the rule of law evolve throughout the rise and fall of ancient empires? (SSWH1a; SSWH2a,c,d; SSWH3a)
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How is the treatment of conquered people and peasants related to the progression of governmental institutions?
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Why did the ancient civilizations fall?
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How did the Greek culture develop?
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How did the Greeks and Romans influence the modern world?
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Why was Athens a democracy and Rome a republic?
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How did the Roman Empire enable the rapid diffusion of Christianity?
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How did the ancient philosophers influence the development of the modern world?
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Why were philosophers important to the development of the ancient and modern worlds?
Reading Responsibilities:
Chapter 5 sections 1- 5 and Chapter 6 Sections 1-5
Thursday 9/3
Ancient Greece
Power point
Monday 9/7
Labor Day
Holiday
Tuesday 9/8
Video Ancient
Greece
Wednesday 9/9
Greek Food Day
Monday 9/14
Alexander the
Great Ppt.
Tuesday 9/14
Video Alexander
Wednesday 9/15
Review
Thursday 9/10
This is Sparta
…and Athens.too.
Thursday 9/16
Review game
Friday 9/4
Ancient Greece
Power Point
Friday 9/11
Finish Sparta and
Athens
Friday 9/17
Test Greece.
World History
Greece
Dixon
Ancient Greeks contributed to many things we enjoy today
_______________, the Olympics, concepts of democracy, __________________.
Geography
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Included southern parts of Europe’s ____________ Peninsula
_________________ make up ¾ of mainland Greece
Fertile plains are between the ______________ and the sea.
Many ________ along the coast, no place in Greece is more than __ miles from the sea.
Many people used the sea for a living, ___________, ___________, even piracy.
Mountains __________ and ________________ Greece
Mountains limited travel and communication; therefore Greece was never united under one government but did have one
language and religion.
Mild climate, rainy winters mild/dry summers allowed for many outdoor activities, ____________________, meetings and
outdoor _____________.
Aegean Civilizations (area surrounding the Aegean Sea)
Minoans
 Knussos, Crete
 King ______________
 Minoans had the classic curled hair, wore jewelry, were fond of ___________________ and sports, such as _____________.
 Women had higher status than in other ancient civilizations
 More ____________________ than gods in Minoan religion, the chief deity on Crete was the Great Goddess or
___________________________
 Minoans were sea traders, who reached as far as Egypt and __________________.
 By 2000 BCE Minoan fleets dominated the region in trade as well as protection from pirates.
 Ships guarded _______ against attack; therefore their cities had no wall for protection.
 Minoan Civilization peaked in 1600 BCE and collapsed 250 years later.
o 2 theories, great tidal waves or most likely invasion from the Mycenaean’s
Mycenaeans
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Indo-Europeans came to the ______________ Peninsula in 2000 BCE.
Kingdoms centered around a _______________fortress built on a hilltop; stonewalls circled the fortress, which gave shelter
during times of danger.
Nobles lived outside of the walls on ______________.
____________ and _______________ worked the lands of the estates.
Palaces houses government offices as well as production facilities.
________________ created clothes, tanned leather, made jars for olive oil and wine, bronze weapons and shields.
_____________ were collected and records were kept of each person’s wealth.
o Taxes were collected in the form of wheat, ______________ and honey.
Mycenaean’s adopted much of Minoan culture; _____________________, navigation by the __________, worship of the
Earth Mother.
By the 1600’s Mycenaean’s conquered the Minoans and controlled the entire _____________________ region.
1100 BCE Internal fighting destroyed the ___________________ and led to invasion and takeover by the __________, who
came in from the north, with _______ weapons.
The take over by the Dorians led to what has become know as the “______________”.
Sea trading stopped; ______________ rose, writing and other skills were lost.
Thousands fled to Ionia on the west coast of ________________.
By 750 BCE, the Ionians reintroduced culture, crafts and skills of their homeland, therefore a new Greek civilization
emerged, with Mycenaean settlements
__________________, named for the original Greek people, this civilization flourished from 700BCE to 336 BCE.
Homer and the Greek Epics
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Homer, principal figure of ancient Greek literature; the first ______________ poet.
Wrote the _________ and the ____________, set during and after the Trojan War.
Both were used to teach Greek values such as:
o ___________________________
o Love of Nature
o Importance of husband/wife relationship
o ___________________________
o Loyalty between friends
Taught to always strive for ____________ and meet with dignity what fate has in store.
Gods and Goddesses
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Ancient Greeks thought that the gods _____________ why people acted as they did.
Believed that gods caused things to ______________, seasons, storms, etc.
Greeks did not _________ their deities like other ancient peoples did.
Greeks placed importance on the _____________________, therefore had self-respect and approached their deities with
______________, not fear.
Their gods were __________________, behaved like humans, married, had children, were ________________ of each other,
fought with each other and played _________.
Festivals
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Polis
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Greatest of festivals was a held every __ years, it was an athletic contest held “…For the greater glory of ________” Poems
were read and competitions were held.
Festival held in the city of ________________ thus these contests became the Olympic Games.
Greek ____________________, city, and surrounding area.
Center of the city was the _______________ or fortified hill with a ____________ on top of a local deity.
______________ was at the bottom of the hill, this is where citizens, those who were allowed to take part in
____________________, met for public affairs.
Citizens had rights and responsibilities
o _______, hold office, own property, in return they had to __________ in government and _______________ the
city.
Slaves and _____________ born could not be citizens
__________________ had no legal rights.
The polis established _________________ to aid in food production and trade, colonies kept contact with the
_____________ city.
600 BCE, traders started to use ____________ currency instead of ___________________, later cities took on
____________ of money.
World History
Dixon, M.E.
Unit 1 Part 3 Greek Food Day
Name: _____________________________________ Period: _____
Name of Food Prepared or Bought: ____________________________________________________
Write out or attach recipe:
Write a paragraph about the history and or significance of the food you brought.
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What ingredients were available to those in ancient Greece?
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Write a 3-5 Sentence paragraph describing the process in making your particular food.
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Athens vs. Sparta
Sparta
Military society
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Life revolved around ________, no need for city walls…army will defend
All men aspired to become _________________
Newborn infants were examined
– Healthy: _____________________
– Sickly: left to ______ on a hillside
Military society cont.
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Age __: taken to military _______ to start training in reading, writing, _______
Age _____: became soldiers & sent to frontier
Age 30: marry & _______ _______, but still stay in army
Age _____: retire from army
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Life in barracks is ____________
Beaten by older children to make you _______________
_______ ____in front of others but could not cry
Encouraged to steal, if caught ________________
Wore rags & no shoes all year
In time, taught to lie, steal, cheat
Military society cont.
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Spartan women
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Life’s ____________is to be a soldier’s ____________
Brought up to be ____________, strong
Trained in wrestling, boxing, ____________________
Married at 19 so babies would be ____________
More personal freedoms than ____________, but not serve in _____________
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There were kings, but their duties were limited to ____________the army & ____________religious
services
The Assembly (male citizens over 30) passed laws, made ________________
A Council of the Elders (male citizens over 60) served as supreme court
Spartan govt.
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Culture
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The strict control over people led to a lack of economic ____________
____________trade & shunned philosophy, science & the ___________
They were exceptional athletes, competed well in the ____________, & defended Greece against
___________________
ATHENS
Government
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Unlike Sparta they developed a constitution that stated all free, Athenian-born
men were citizens…regardless of what social class
- Now they could participate in Assembly regardless of __________
- This reduced friction in Athens
Children in Athens
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Boys given an education, as they were expected to hold office as a citizen 1 day
Girls received no formal ____________, just household training from
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Private tutors or schools
From 7-18 boys learned:
– ____________--- Geometry
– Drawing, ____________, gymnastics
– Main texts were Iliad & ________________
Children in Athens Cont.
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Wealthy girls would ____________their father’s choice at ________
____________girls would choose a husband from the field
Boys would train for future jobs after school
They entered the military after graduation & then went onto careers such as
businessmen or Olympic ________________
Women in Athens
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Wore ____________to depict their status in society
Most important job for all women is having ___________________
Wealthy women would ____________house & slaves
Peasant women would manage house & work in _________________
Women not allowed to eat/sleep in same room as men, go to market or
____________
Men in Athens
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Like their wives, wore clothes equal to their status
In charge of family & house
Given great respect at ________________
Would work as ____________or farmers during the day
Given the most responsibility in Greece, so they were the most important people
Building Democracy
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621 BC ____________develops in Athens
Develop legal code based on equality of _________________
Abolish debt slavery & have citizens make laws
- Only native born property owning _________________ are citizens
The Persian Wars
Who:
Greek city-states v. Persian Empire; Darius the Great & Xerxes
When:
546- 470s B.C.
Why:
When Persians conquer an area that had long been settled by Greeks (Ionia), the Greeks revolt.
Athens sends ships and soldiers to their aid, and the Persians vow to destroy Athens in revenge.
What:
A shift from bronze to iron weapons makes it cheaper to arm oneself. Also led to the creation of a
fearsome army formation, the phalanx; it becomes the most powerful fighting force in the world.
Where:
Battle of Marathon: (490 B.C.) After destroying the Ionian Greeks, the Persians vow to destroy Athens.
They carry 25,000 men across the Aegean Sea & meet 10,000 Athenians (arranged in phalanxes) on a
plain called Marathon. The Greek soldiers defeat the Persians, but now their city stands defenseless.
According to legend, a young runner named Pheidippides is told to race back to Athens to tell the city not
to surrender to the Persians. He ran the 26 miles to Athens, spoke his message (“Rejoice, we conquer.”), &
then dropped dead.
Battle of Thermopylae: (480 B.C.) 10 years after Marthon, Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, sent an enormous
force to crush Athens & avenge his father. At this point, the Greeks are divided; some Greeks fight the
Persians, some are neutral, some even help the Persians! At a narrow mountain pass called Thermopylae,
7,000 Greeks including 300 Spartans block the path. The Persian advance is stalled for 3 days until a traitor
tells the Persians of a secret path around the pass. The 300 Spartans held the pass until their deaths while the
other forced fled to safety.
Battle of Salamis: (480 B.C.)Athenian leader Themistocles convinces the Athenians to evacuate the city &
fight at sea. They position their fleet near the island of Salamis in a narrow channel. Xerxes sets fire to
Athens, but his ships have difficulty turning in the narrow channel. Smaller Greek ships with battering rams
sink 1/3 of Xerxes’s fleet.
Consequences:
The Greek city-states form the Delian League (470s B.C.). In time, they get rid of the Persians from their
territories & end the threat of future Persian attacks. Athens emerges as the leader of the Delian League &
enters into a Golden Age.
The Peloponnesian War
Who:
Athens v. Sparta
When:
431 B.C. – 404 B.C.
Why:
Athens had grown in wealth, prestige, & power since the Persian Wars. Other city-states, especially Sparta,
began to view Athens with hostility. Many people believed war between Athens & Sparta was inevitable.
Both city-states believed they would win.
What:
Athens had the stronger navy & Sparta had the stronger army.
Where:
Athens: Athenians hoped to defeat the Spartans at sea. Spartans marched into Athenian territory & burned
the food supply. Outlying residents were brought into the city walls where they were safe & could receive
food as long as ships could sail into port with supplies. A plague sweeps through the city & kills 1/3 of the
population. A few years later, the 2 sides sign a truce (421 B.C.)
Syracuse: (413 B.C.) Athenians send a huge fleet to the island of Sicily to destroy the city-state Syracuse, an
wealthy ally of Sparta. The Athenians were crushed. After another 9 years of defending themselves, Athens
& her allies surrender.
Consequences:
Athens loses its empire, power, & wealth forever. Several philosophers emerge & begin to question
traditional values & beliefs. Several city-states are severely weakened, allowing the nearby Kingdom of
Macedonia to grow powerful & plan on taking control of all Greece.
The Golden Age of Athens
When:
After the Persian Wars before the Peloponnesian War (477-431 B.C.)
Who is involved:
Pericles: skillful politican, inspiring speaker, respected general; dominates life in Athens (461-429 BC)
What:
Pericles helps create a direct democracy: all citizens rule directly
Athens takes over Delian League & uses money to strengthen Athenian navy
- Sparta & other cities resent Athenian power
- Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires artisans to beautify Athens
Classical art & architecture - Pericles builds Parthenon for Athena; artwork now values harmony, order,
balance, proportion, beauty
Drama: Invent drama as an art form; includes chorus, dance, poetry; 2 forms include tragedy & comedy
- tragedy: tells story of hero’s downfall; themes of love, hate, war
- comedy: makes fun of politics, respected people, slapstick humor
History: Herodotus & Thucydides record & study past events
Directions: Create a timeline using the events from the reading above. Your timeline MUST be in INK or
COLOR!! Each reading has 4 events which you need to mention in the 4 boxes included on the timeline
given to you. Be sure to use a symbol to represent each event as well as write in what the event is. List the
dates for the events which have dates (not all of the events will have specific dates!) Be sure that your events
are in chronological order.
Alexander the Great
Philip of Macedonia, Alexander’s dad, dreams of controlling Greece
- Macedonia: Kingdom of mountain villages North of Greece
- He is an organized ruler & brilliant general
- Philip creates well-trained professional army; invades Greece
- In 338 BC Philip is victorious, but in 336 Philip is killed
- His son Alexander becomes King of Macedonia
Alexander’s Early Life
- He is tutored by Aristotle & also received extensive military training
- at 20, he becomes king
Alexander plans an invasion of the Persian Empire
- Begins his invasion in 334 BC & achieves quick victory
- King Darius III of Persia flees as Alexander’s army breaks his lines
- Alexander & his army march into Egypt where he is crowned pharaoh
- They capture Babylon & burn the Persian capital @ Persepolis
- Eventually, they achieve the total destruction of the Persian Empire
Alexander’s other conquests
- Alexander fights across deserts of central Asia to India
- They conquer the Indus Valley around 326 BC
- After 11 years of fighting & marching more than 11,000 miles, the troops refuse to go any further
- They return to Babylon & Alexander dies in 323 BC; he was just 32 years old
Alexander’s Legacy
- He melds Greek & Persian culture together
- His Empire becomes 3 kingdoms:
1) Macedonia & Greek city-states 2) Egypt 3) Old Persia
Alexander Promotes cultural blending
- As a result of Alexander’s policies, Hellenistic culture – Greek blended w/Persian & Indian – is born
- Alexandria – Egyptian city created by Alexander – becomes the center of Hellenistic civilization
* Alexandria’s attractions include the Pharos lighthouse, museum, art galleries, zoo, huge library, etc…
* Alexandria’s strategic location makes it a prosperous trading location & a populous city
- Alexandria’s scholars preserve Greek & Egyptian learning in the sciences, astronomy, math & physics
* Euclid forms the basis of geometry
- Philosophers become concerned with how people should live their lives:
* Zeno founds stoicism: promoted virtuous simple lives & promote social unity
* Epicurus founds Epicureanism: the only real things are those perceived by the 5 senses
MACEDONIA
332 B.C.
Alexander entered Egypt and
founded the city of Alexandria
334 B.C Alexander led 35,000
soldiers into Anatolia
336 B.C.
Alexander becomes king at 20
326 B.C.
Alexander’s army
reached the Indus
River Valley
PERSIA
323 B.C.
Alexander died at
age 32. His generals
began a power struggle.
EGYPT
Alexander the Great
Philip of Macedonia, Alexander’s dad, dreams of controlling Greece
- Macedonia: Kingdom of mountain villages _______________ of Greece
- He is an organized ruler & brilliant ______________________
- Philip creates well-trained professional army; invades Greece
- In 338 BC Philip is victorious, but in 336 Philip is killed
- His son ____________________ becomes King of Macedonia
Alexander’s Early Life
- He is tutored by Aristotle & also received extensive _________________
- at ________, he becomes king
Alexander plans an invasion of the Persian Empire
- Begins his invasion in 334 BC & achieves quick _______________
- King Darius III of Persia flees as Alexander’s army breaks his lines
- Alexander & his army march into Egypt where he is crowned _________________
- They capture Babylon & burn the Persian capital @ ______________________
- Eventually, they achieve the total destruction of the ___________________________
Alexander’s other conquests
- Alexander fights across deserts of central Asia to _____________
- They conquer the __________________________ around 326 BC
- After 11 years of fighting & marching more than 11,000 miles, the troops ________________ to go any further
- They return to Babylon & Alexander dies in 323 BC; he was just _________ years old
Alexander’s Legacy
- He melds Greek & Persian culture together
- His Empire becomes ______ kingdoms:
1) Macedonia & Greek city-states 2) Egypt 3) Old Persia
Alexander Promotes cultural blending
- As a result of Alexander’s policies, Hellenistic culture – _______________blended w/Persian & Indian – is born
- Alexandria – Egyptian city created by Alexander – becomes the center of Hellenistic civilization
* Alexandria’s attractions include the Pharos lighthouse, museum, art galleries, zoo, huge library, etc…
* Alexandria’s strategic location makes it a prosperous ___________________ location & a populous city
- Alexandria’s scholars preserve Greek & Egyptian learning in the sciences, __________________, math &
physics
* Euclid forms the basis of _____________________
- Philosophers become concerned with how people should live their lives:
* Zeno founds stoicism: promoted virtuous simple lives & promote _____________________
* Epicurus founds Epicureanism: the only real things are those perceived by the _____________________
MACEDONIA
332 B.C.
Alexander entered Egypt and
founded the city of Alexandria
334 B.C Alexander led 35,000
soldiers into Anatolia
336 B.C.
Alexander becomes king at 20
326 B.C.
Alexander’s army
reached the Indus
River Valley
PERSIA
323 B.C.
Alexander died at
age 32. His generals
began a power struggle.
EGYPT