Chapter 24
Multiple Choice
Please answer all questions
1. The term "avant-garde" refers to
A)
newness
B)
advancing troops in World War I
C)
the technological changes that led to urbanization
D)
turn-of-the-century art dealers
E)
turn-of-the-century art patrons
2. Picasso's earliest distinctive style is referred to as
A)
Surrealist
B)
Rose Period
C)
Cubist
D)
Blue Period
E)
Fauve
3. Which one of the following does NOT match?
A)
Ife -- Nigeria
B)
Baule -- Benin
C)
Fang -- Gabon
D)
Bakota -- Ivory Coast
E)
Bambara -- Mali
4. Which is NOT a reason that African sculptures influenced European artists in
the early 20th century?
A)
they are geometric
B)
they are abstract
C)
they are naturalistic
D)
they are magical
E)
they are non-Classical
5. What was the most striking quality of Fauvism?
A)
line
B)
abstraction
C)
light
D)
color
E)
jungle subject matter
6. The Green Line is a painting of
A)
Mme. Matisse
B)
a Paris street
C)
Horses
D)
Icarus
E)
a still life
7. Die Brucke refers to
A)
a German painting of a bridge
B)
a German painting of a street
C)
a German art movement
D)
a German artist
E)
a German book
8. Nolde's style is best described as
A)
Fauve
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cubist
Symbolist
Expressionist
Collage
9. Which is true of Franz Marc's views of color?
A)
yellow was sunny and cheerful
B)
blue was depressive
C)
red was aggressive
D)
gray was reserved for trees
E)
white was for funerals
10. Which is NOT true of Kollwitz?
A)
she came from a financially comfortable family
B)
she thought of herself as an Expressionist
C)
she depicted the problems of the working classes
D)
she sympathized with German peasants
E)
she used mainly shades of black
11. Matisse's "arabesques" refer to
A)
dancers
B)
musicians
C)
a kind of black curve
D)
bright colors
E)
Arab subject matter
12. Matisse's Decorative Figure in an Oriental Setting is set in
A)
Morocco
B)
the Far East
C)
Easter Island
D)
Oceania
E)
Tahiti
13. Matisse's Jazz imagery is an example of
A)
Symbolism
B)
Fauvism
C)
decoupage
D)
Cubism
E)
The Blue Rider
14. The Oba was a
A)
tribal magician
B)
divine king
C)
Benin shaman
D)
Fang god
E)
queen mother
15. Which artist is correctly matched with his or her nationality?
A)
Marc -- French
B)
Matisse -- Moroccan
C)
Kandinsky -- Russian
D)
Nolde -- Dutch
E)
Picasso -- French
16. As far as one can tell, the first completely non-figurative painter was
A)
Kandinsky
B)
Marc
C)
D)
E)
Matisse
Picasso
Nolde
17. 1914-1918 are the dates of
A)
World War II
B)
the American Civil War
C)
the Russian Revolution
D)
World War I
E)
the Franco-Prussian War
18. Which artist is correctly matched with his work?
A)
Kirchner -- The Large Blue Horses
B)
Matisse -- Jeannette V
C)
Kandinsky -- Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon
D)
Picasso -- Still Life with Masks
E)
Gauguin -- Drawing of an Oceanic Canoe Prow
Essay
1. Discuss the formal and iconographic similarities between Picasso's Old
Guitarist and Wallace Stevens' "The Man with the Blue Guitar."
2. Using the examples in the text, describe the stylistic development of
Matisse.
3. Using examples in the text, describe ways in which European artists
appropriated non-Western art.
4. Compare and contrast Expressionism with Fauvism. Use examples in your text.
5. What were the philosophies of Der Blaue Reiter and Die Brucke? How are they
expressed in early 20th-century painting?
6. Compare Matisse's Icarus with Bruegel's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.
How do the artists approach the subject matter, and how do they convey their
approaches formally?
Chp 25
Multiple Choice
Please answer all questions
1. The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas is
A)
a book about Picasso
B)
a book about Alice B. Toklas
C)
a book about Gertrude Stein
D)
a book about Cubism
E)
a book about Hemingway
2. Gertrude Stein was
A)
an art collector
B)
a writer
C)
a salonniére
D)
all of the above
E)
none of the above
3. Picasso's Bull's Head is an example of
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
collage
assemblage
decoupage
non-figuration
non-representation
4. The title "Women of Avignon" refers to
A)
Spanish prostitutes
B)
Women in the South of France
C)
Parisian prostitutes
D)
African women in Madrid
E)
the mistresses of the French popes in Avignon
5. In Girl Before a Mirror, Picasso aims at achieving
A)
formal reality
B)
figurative reality
C)
spiritual reality
D)
psychological reality
E)
historical reality
6. Which is NOT alluded to in the iconography of Guernica?
A)
the Pieta
B)
the Minotaur
C)
the Crucifixion
D)
the Resurrection
E)
fascism
7. Which was NOT a feature of Futurism?
A)
the destruction of the museums
B)
the elimination of archaeology
C)
the exaltation of technology
D)
the promotion of feminism
E)
speed
8. The author of the Futurist Manifesto was
A)
Marinetti
B)
Boccioni
C)
Leger
D)
Mondrian
E)
Duchamp
9. Which artist and work are correctly paired?
A)
Davis -- Broadway Boogie Woogie
B)
Duchamp -- Mlle. Pogany
C)
Malevich -- Black Square
D)
Leonardo -- Composition with the Mona Lisa
E)
Brancusi -- Villa Savoye
10. "Orderly heap of broken violins" referred to
A)
Braque -- Violin and Pitcher
B)
Davis -- Lucky Strike
C)
Picasso -- Women of Avignon
D)
Brancusi -- Endless Column
E)
Duchamp -- Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2
11. The Harlem Renaissance refers to
A)
a 15th-century Dutch city
B)
C)
D)
E)
Italian 15th-century style
a revival of Classics in New York City
a black American cultural movement
African-American 15th-century painting
12. Which artist and style are paired correctly?
A)
Brancusi -- Suprematism
B)
Mondrian -- De Stijl
C)
Wright -- Cubism
D)
Gropius -- Prairie Style
E)
Picasso -- De Stijl
13. The Nonobjective World was written by
A)
Malevich
B)
Kandinsky
C)
Mondrian
D)
Duchamp
E)
Le Corbusier
14. In which pair does structure match location?
A)
the Robie House -- Ohio
B)
the Gate of the Kiss -- Romania
C)
the Schroeder House -- Germany
D)
the Bauhaus -- Holland
E)
Taliesin West -- Colorado
15. Which is NOT a feature of Fallingwater?
A)
cantilever construction
B)
reinforced concrete
C)
glass walls
D)
skeletal construction
E)
local rock
16. Which best fulfills the description "a machine for living?"
A)
Villa Savoye
B)
the Bauhaus
C)
Taliesin West
D)
Lake Shore Drive Apartments
E)
Leger's The City
17. Which of the following shows no influence of African masks?
A)
Picasso, The Women of Avignon
B)
Brancusi, Mlle. Pogany
C)
Picasso, Bull's Head
D)
Picasso, Gertrude Stein
E)
Malevich, Self-Portrait
18. The first Cubist sculpture was a bronze cast by
A)
Braque
B)
Leger
C)
Boccioni
D)
Picasso
E)
Brancusi
Essay
1. Describe the development of Cubism. Use examples in your text.
2. Review the styles in which Picasso worked. What do they tell you about his
development?
3. Compare Mondrian's rectilinear paintings with the Schroeder House and the
Lake Shore Apartments. What accounts for their similarities?
4. Discuss the influence of European politics on the avant-garde art of the
early twentieth century.
5. Discuss the relationship between Cezanne and Analytic Cubism. How did one
influence the other?
6. Discuss the deconstructive and semiotic character of early collage. Use as an
example Picasso's Man with a Hat.
Chp 26
Multiple Choice
Please answer all questions
"The Wars" in the title of this chapter refer to
A)
World War II and the Vietnam War
B)
the Spanish Civil War and World War II
C)
World War I and World War II
D)
The Spanish Civil War and the Vietnam War
E)
the Spanish Civil War and World War I
2. The Cabaret Voltaire was located in
A)
Zurich
B)
Paris
C)
Avignon
D)
Madrid
E)
Utrecht
3. Who of the following was NOT a Dadaist?
A)
Arp
B)
Man Ray
C)
Ball
D)
Tzara
E)
Pelton
4. L.H.O.O.Q. is an example of a (an)
A)
collage
B)
acronym
C)
graffiti poster
D)
Ready-made-Aided
E)
found object
5. The first Ready-made was
A)
a urinal
B)
a shovel
C)
a seashell
D)
a poster of the Mona Lisa
E)
a cracked mirror
6. Which is LEAST characteristic of Dada?
A)
nonsense
B)
C)
D)
E)
nihilism
punning
Classicism
iconoclasm
7. Which is true of the
A)
it is a black and
B)
it is a black and
C)
it is a black and
D)
it is the name of
E)
it is a black and
Rayograph?
white photograph made with a camera
white photograph made without a camera
white collage
a painting by Man Ray
white cut-out
8. Which is NOT a Surrealist element in Miró's Dog Barking at the Moon?
A)
the colors of the ladder
B)
the colors of the dog
C)
the placement of the dog
D)
the space occupied by the ladder
E)
the shape of the moon
9. Simultaneous viewpoint is an element of
A)
Cubism and Surrealism
B)
Surrealism and Futurism
C)
Cubism and Pointillism
D)
Dada and Futurism
E)
Dada and Cubism
10. The so-called veristic Surrealism of Magritte means that
A)
his forms are imaginary
B)
his forms are clear and realistic but their combinations are surreal
C)
his forms are surreal and fantastic
D)
his arrangements make manifest sense but latent nonsense
E)
his forms are non-figurative
11. The Surrealist artist who envisioned himself as a shaman was
A)
Magritte
B)
Klee
C)
Miró
D)
Ernst
E)
Giacometti
12. A kachina is a
A)
Hopi toy
B)
Hopi painting
C)
Hopi spirit
D)
Hopi mask
E)
a Hopi house
13. Pueblos are
A)
communal living quarters
B)
rock-cut houses
C)
Hopi temples
D)
Hopi tombs
E)
Hopi ovens
14. Who of the following was most interested in "found objects?"
A)
O'Keeffe
B)
Van der Zee
C)
D)
E)
de Chirico
Moore
Giacometti
15. Which most accurately describes a mobile?
A)
it moves when its motor is activated
B)
it hangs on a wall
C)
it hangs from the ceiling
D)
it moves when there is an air current
E)
both c and d
16. American Gothic is an example of
A)
Gothic Revival
B)
Romanticism
C)
Social Realism
D)
Regionalism
E)
photography
17. The "underground railroad" was
A)
a subway line in New Orleans
B)
an escape route for Civil War spies
C)
an escape route for slaves
D)
a tunnel planned for the English Channel
E)
the train leading from the American South to Harriet Tubman's house
18. Who of the following was involved in the Harlem Renaissance?
A)
Harriet Tubman
B)
Marcus Garvey
C)
Edward Hopper
D)
Dorothea Lange
E)
Walker Evans
19. Which is NOT a feature of Rivera's History of Mexico murals?
A)
Cubism
B)
Nonrepresentational forms
C)
Leftist politics
D)
references to Mesoamerican history
E)
Surrealism
20. Rivera's wife, also a painter, was
A)
Georgia O'Keeffe
B)
Agnes Pelton
C)
Dorothea Lange
D)
Frida Kahlo
E)
Joan Mirò
21. Which is NOT an element of Dove's Goin' Fishin'?
A)
denim
B)
bamboo
C)
bark
D)
buttons
E)
collage
22. Which is NOT an item of American folk sculpture?
A)
pinball machines
B)
cigar-store Indians
C)
carved gravestones
D)
E)
shop signs
weather vanes
23. Which is NOT a feature of Grandma Moses' Checkered House?
A)
the influence of embroidery
B)
references to industrialization
C)
Romanticism
D)
local imagery
E)
references to the Civil War
Essay
1. Discuss the ambivalent character of Dadaism. Consider its philosophical
underpinnings and its expression in the arts.
2. Both Duchamp and Man Ray have Dada and Surrealist qualities. Discuss.
3. Discuss the new relationship between viewer and object in Duchamp's work.
4. Discuss the influence of Freud's discovery of the unconscious mind on Dada
and Surrealism.
5. Discuss Man Ray's Le violin d'Ingres in relation to Ingres' Grande Odalisque.
Consider style, context, and artistic philosophy.
6. Discuss the influence of African and Native American art on the 20th century
avant-garde. Use examples in the text.
7. Discuss the influence of Kandinsky on the Transcendentalist painters.
Consider philosophy and style.
Chp 27
Please answer all questions
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In 1942 Peggy Guggenheim opened
the Museum of Modern Art in New York
the Paris Museum of Modern Art
the Art of This Century Gallery
the Venice Guggenheim
the Avant-Garde Gallery
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hitler's exhibition of "degenerate art" consisted mainly of
Classical statues
avant-garde art
photography
lithography
Surrealism
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which is true?
Albers taught at Black Mountain College in South Carolina
Hofmann taught at Yale
Hofmann taught at Black Mountain College in South Carolina
Albers taught at Yale
Albers taught at the Art Students' League and in North Carolina
4. Homage to the Square is
A) a series of paintings by Hofmann
B)
C)
D)
E)
a
a
a
a
book by Albers
manifesto written by Kelly
series of paintings by Albers
painting by Hofmann
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Who of the following is NOT an action painter?
Albers
Gorky
Pollock
de Kooning
Frankenthaler
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The term Abstract Expressionism was first used to define the style of
Pollock
Kandinsky
Albers
de Kooning
Frankenthaler
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which artist is correctly paired with the country of his birth?
de Kooning -- Germany
Stella -- Italy
Gorky -- Armenia
Rothko -- the United States
Noguchi -- China
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The two leading art critics of Abstract Expressionism were
Bloomberg and Rosenberg
Steinberg and Bloomberg
Greenberg and Wölfflin
Worringer and Wölfflin
Greenberg and Rosenberg
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Navajo sand painting inspired which artist?
Rothko
Ernst
Pollock
Frankenthaler
Noguchi
10. "Jack the Dripper" referred to
A) Frankenthaler
B) de Kooning
C) Gorky
D) Pollock
E) Hofmann
11. Which is NOT true of acrylic?
A) it is water-based
B) it can be used on paper but not canvas
C) it comes in bright colors
D) it dries quickly and does not fade
E) it can be poured, dripped, or splattered
12. Who of the following is NOT a Color Field painter?
A) Mondrian
B) Rothko
C) Kelly
D) Reinhardt
E) Stella
13. Which artist is correctly matched with his or her work?
A) Diebenkorn -- The Artist and his Mother
B) Kelly -- Ocean Park No.129
C) Noguchi -- Kouros
D) Nevelson -- the Cubi Series
E) Gorky -- Homage to the Square
14. Which is least true of Dubuffet?
A) he collected non-Western art
B) he was a monochromatic painter
C) he liked textured surfaces
D) he was a figurative abstractionist
E) he was French
15. The artist in this chapter who made furniture, playgrounds, and public
sculpture gardens was
A) Smith
B) Nevelson
C) Kline
D) Noguchi
E) Bacon
16. Which author and work are correctly paired?
A) James Baldwin -- The Double Helix
B) Albert Camus -- Waiting for Godot
C) Graham Greene -- To the Finland Station
D) Jean-Paul Sartre -- Being and Nothingness
E) Ingmar Bergman -- Lolita
17. Who of the following most likely used acrylic?
A) Frankenthaler
B) Rothko
C) Gorky
D) Smith
E) Noguchi
Essay
. 1. Discuss the development of Abstract Expressionism from Surrealism and
Cubism. Use examples in the text.
2. Using the three paintings in your textbook, describe the development of
Jackson Pollock from Regionalism to Abstract Expressionism. What factors
influenced the changes?
3. Compare Color-Field to Abstract Expressionism. What are the similarities and
differences?
4. Compare Rothko and Pollock. What is similar in their respective developments.
What is the essential difference in their approaches to painting?
5. Discuss the major critics of Abstract Expressionism. How are their views
reflected in the paintings illustrated in the text?
. Chp 28
Multiple Choice
Please answer all questions
. 1. Which is the best definition of an artistic happening?
A) an unplanned event
B) improvisation
C) unrestrained self-expression
D) a cafe performance
E) video art
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The first Pop Art poster appeared in
New York City in 1960
Paris in 1959
London in 1956
Dresden in 1920
Moscow in 1917
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which was NOT a feature of Hamilton's Pop Art checklist?
elitism
youthfulness
mass-production
transience
wit
4. Which is NOT an influence discernible in Just what is it that makes today's
homes so appealing?
A) Flemish 15th-century painting
B) Classical poses
C) appliances
D) black-and-white cinema
E) Gothic Revival
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
"I want to be a machine" is a statement made by
Hesse
Warhol
Rauschenberg
Flavin
Hamilton
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which artist is correctly matched with his or her source of imagery?
comic books -- Lindner
pinball machines -- de Saint-Phalle
Hollywood pinups -- Lichtenstein
Leonardo's Last Supper -- Marisol
Prehistoric "Venuses" -- Wesselmann
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Kitaj's Juan de la Cruz combines which two political situations?
the Vietnam War and the Spanish-American War
the Spanish-American War and the First World War
the Vietnam War and the Inquisition
the Inquisition and the American Civil War
World War II and the Spanish Civil War
8.
A)
B)
C)
Which is least a quality of Oldenburg's sculptures?
small objects are enlarged
hard objects are made of soft material
inanimate objects become anthropomorphic
D) they are humorless
E) they represent everyday objects
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Sidney Janis was
an art dealer
a painter
an art critic
a caricaturist
a sculptor
10. The 20th-century artist who wrapped living people was
A) Oldenburg
B) Beuys
C) Hesse
D) Segal
E) Marisol
11. The term Op is short for
A) optimum
B) optical
C) opulent
D) optional
E) opportunistic
12. Minimalism was a reaction against which of the following?
A) figuration
B) nature
C) the artist's hand
D) geometry
E) a, b, and c
13.
The most painterly of the following was
A) Hesse
B) Flavin
C) Martin
D) Judd
E) Riley
14.
The artist whose primary medium was fluorescent lights was
A) Hesse
B) Flavin
C) Martin
D) Judd
E) Riley
15. Who of the following created action sculpture?
A) Hesse
B) de Saint-Phalle
C) Marisol
D) Beuys
E) Segal
16. Which was NOT an element used in Coyote, I Like America and America Likes
Me?
A) a felt blanket
B) newspapers
C) a pipe
D) a crook
E) a coyote
17. Art as Idea as Idea is an example of
A) Minimalism
B) Pop Art
C) Op Art
D) Conceptual Art
E) Surrealism
18. Which author and work are paired correctly?
A) Mary McCarthy -- The Group
B) Betty Friedan -- Annie Hall
C) Saul Bellow -- Silent Spring
D) Woody Allen -- Feminine Mystique
E) Rachel Carson -- Humboldt's Gift
19. Which Pop Artist was most likely to have painted repetitious advertising
images?
A) Johns
B) Warhol
C) Lichtenstein
D) Hamilton
E) Lindner
Essay
. 1. Discuss Pop Art as a response to Abstract Expressionism. Include the
cultural contexts of both styles.
2. Discuss the relationship of Happenings to found objects and the Dada
movement.
3. Compare the iconography of Pop Art with that of Realism and Impressionism.
Using the examples in your text, discuss the similarities and differences, as
well as the relevance to the time and place in which the style flourished.
4. Discuss the role of advertising imagery in Pop Art. Use the examples in your
text.
5. Beginning with the early 20th century, discuss the new media used by artists.
What is the relationship of the media to the content and esthetic effect of the
art?
Chp 29
Multiple Choice
Please answer all questions
. 1. NEA stands for
A) National Esthetic Association
B) National Endowment of Aesthetics
C) National Endowment for the Arts
D) National Efforts for Artists
E) National Educational Association
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In what city was a museum indicted for exhibiting Mapplethorpes?
Cleveland
Cincinnati
Chicago
Washington D.C.
Philadelphia
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which is LEAST true of Chuck Close's work?
he relies on photography
his main subject is portraiture
his favorite paint is watercolor
his most usual viewpoint is the close-up
he uses grid transfers
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Gilbert and George described themselves as
performance artists
impresarios
video artists
living sculptures
gilded lilies
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which artist is correctly matched with his or her work?
The Christos -- Over the River
Gilbert and George -- Williamsburg Bridge
Frank Gehry -- the Whitney Museum
Buckminster Fuller - the Lloyds Building
I.M. Pei -- geodesic domes
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which structure is incorrectly matched with its location?
The Whitney Museum -- New York City
Piazza d'Italia -- New Orleans
Lloyd's Building -- London
Glass Pyramid -- Cairo
The Frederick R. Wiseman Museum -- Minneapolis
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Who was a graduate of the Bauhaus?
Fuller
Breuer
Pei
Rothenberg
Nauman
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is a fullerene?
a building by Fuller
a unit of a geodesic dome
a Dymaxion
a molecule
an atom
9. The large central space around which the new Lloyds Building is wrapped is
the
A) atrium
B) courtyard
C) narthex
D) nave
E) tower
10. Who of the following is NOT an environmental artist?
A) Smithson
B) Holt
C) Christo
D) Smith
E) Jean-Claude Christo
11. Which example of environmental art is correctly matched with its location?
A) Spiral Jetty -- Oregon
B) Blue Umbrellas -- California
C) Long Division -- New York City
D) Stone Enclosure: Rock Rings -- Washington D.C.
E) Wrapped Reichstag -- Bonn
12. Which is LEAST true of the Christos
A) they are Conceptual artists
B) they recycle their materials
C) they accept no financial patronage
D) they raise money by selling drawings, collages and models
E) their projects are temporary
13. Which is NOT a reference in the iconography of The Dinner Party?
A) Hatshepsut
B) Virginia Woolf
C) The Last Supper
D) Stieglitz
E) O'Keeffe
14. Which category best matches the artist?
A) Kiki Smith -- Body Art
B) Basquiat -- landscape
C) Kiefer -- feminism
D) Paik -- environmental art
E) Mapplethorpe -- Post-Modernism
15. Nauman
A) Man Ray
B) Man Ray
C) Man Ray
D) Man Ray
E) Man Ray
prefers Man Ray to Duchamp because
is a greater artist
is more unreasonable
is more original
is more Classical
is a photographer
16. Sherman's self-portrait as the Fornarina differs from the original in being
A) more accurate because it is a photograph
B) more idealized
C) satirical
D) anti women
E) by Raphael
17. The artist who developed a philosophy of cybernetics is
A) Christo
B) Nauman
C) Lin
D) Paik
E) Kiefer
18. Which is NOT a conclusion of the poll conducted by Komar and Melamid?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Americans like non-figurative art
Americans don't know much about art history
Americans are basically conservative in matters of art
Americans like the color blue
Danes like the color blue
19. Which author is correctly matched with his or her work?
A) Norman Mailer -- The Right Stuff
B) Tom Wolfe -- The Unbearable Lightness of Being
C) Toni Morrison -- Beloved
D) Alice Walker -- Glengarry Glen Ross
E) August Wilson -- The Color Purple
20. The artist whose imagery suggests graffiti is
A) Sherman
B) Basquiat
C) Kiefer
D) Rothenberg
E) Jaudon
Essay
. 1. What is meant by Post-Modernism? Explain the concept and cite examples from
your textbook.
2. Beginning with Impressionism, discuss the influence of photography on the
visual arts.
3. Discuss the concept of "innovation and continuity" as it applies to the
visual arts.
4. What is the significance of the poll taken by Komar and Melamid? How can it
be related to the controversies over Mapplethorpe and Serrano?
5. Compare Photorealism with Renaissance style and Surrealism. Using examples in
the text, discuss similarities and differences.
6. Discuss the rearrangement of traditional forms in Graves' Public Services
Building in Portland, Oregon.
7. Discuss the integration of text and image from 1912 through the present. Use
examples in the textbook.