Chronology of the Ancient Near East
5500 B.C
Çatal Hüyük in Anatolian Turkey
3500 B.C.
Rise of Sumerians in Southern Mesopotamia
2350 B.C.
Akkadian Period (Sargon the Great)
2000 B.C.
Neo-Sumerian: Inanna Tablets
1750 B.C.
Babylonians: Hammurabi (1728-1686 B.C.): Code of Law Tablets
Descent of Inanna (Ishtar), Epic of Gilgamesh, Enuma Elish
1450 B.C.
Athena Tablets in Minoan Crete (Linear B).
1250 B.C.
Fall of Troy.
1076 B.C.
Assyrian Empire
1000 B.C.
Kings David and Solomon: Early Versions of Bible
800 B.C.
Yahwist Text of Bible (J): Genesis 2
750 B.C.
Hesiod: Theogony
Homer: Illiad and Odyssey;
Elohim Text (E): Genesis 1
612 B.C.
Fall of Ashurbanipal's Assyria: Sacking of Nineveh by Babylonians.
600-B.C.
Pre-Socratics: Thales, Democritus, Heraclitus, Parmenides
586 B.C.
Babylonian captivity of Jews and deportation from Jerusalem.
539 B.C.
Cyrus of Persia conquers Babylon: Jews returned to Jerusalem
490-400 B.C. Sparta and Athens defeat Persians, century of Greek miracle:
Socrates, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides
300 B.C.
Priestly Text of Pentateuch (P)
70 A.D.
Diaspora: Scattering of the Tribes
1850 A.D.
Excavations at Nineveh (Smith and Layard)
1872
A.D. Translations of Flood Tablets from the Epic of Gilgamesh
1899-1900
Excavation of Ur, Eridu, Inanna Tablets
The Descent of Inanna
Separation:
Gugalanna’s Funeral
7 Temples, Royal Me
Instructions to Ninshubur
Initiation:
7 Doorways and Divestiture
Ereshkigal’s Eye of Wrath
Crucifixion of Inanna
Return
Ninshubur and Enki
Ereshkigal in Labor
Resurrection: Bread and Water of Life
Return and Replacement
Pursuit of Dumuzi
Separation:
Dumuzi on Throne
Initiation
Prayer to Utu, Snake, Barren Land
Dumuzi’s Dream & Geshtinanna’s Interpretation
Devils in Pursuit of Dumuzi
Torture of Geshtinanna
Death and Lamentations of Dumuzi
Return:
Dumuzi on Throne
Perspectives:
Cosmological (Venus, Moon, Grain, Wine)
Socio-Political (Matriarchy vs. Patriarchy, Cities)
Religious (Rituals of Death and Resurrection)
Psychological (Midlife)
Literary (Necrotypes: Doors, Divestiture, Eyes)
The Epic of Gilgamesh: Hero Journey and Phases of Male Development
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Enkidu: Call to Adventure (Political Tyranny of Gilgamesh)
Aruru and Creation Myths
Woman at the Well, Lady of the Fountain (Trapper and Shamhat)
Clothing Symbolism: Investiture of Enkidu
Phases of Cultural Development: Paleolithic, Neolithic, City-States
Gilgamesh’s Dreams (Star and Axe), Ninsun’s Interpretations
Threshold Symbolism: Wrestling at the Doorway
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Oppression at Midlife
Arming of the Heroes: Shamash’s Winds, Ninsun’s Prayers
Weapons forged
Journey: 3 Days, 7 mountains (Hurqualya 8th), Gate of Cedar Forest
Incremental Repetition: 3 Dreams: Well, Flour, Circle, House & Door
Bull, Mountain, Thunderbird, Tempest & Enkidu’s Commentary
Battle with the Monster (Humbaba): Deforestation, Decapitation
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Spurning of Ishtar: Bird, Stallion, Wolf, Dwarf (Mole?)
Ishtar gets Bull of Heaven from Anu
Enkidu’s Death Dream: Man-Bird, Feathers, Bird People in Irkalla
Kings and Priests, Etana, Shakkan, Ereshkigal, Belit-Seri and Tablets
Death of Enkidu and Funeral Rites: Gilgamesh’s Elegy
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Grief and Departure for Uta-napishtim: Mountain Lions and Shamash
Mashu Moutains, Scorpion Men at Gates: 12 Double Hours to Garden
Shiduri by the Sea: Golden Vats, Direction to Urshanabi the Boatman
Waters of Death to Uta-napishtim
Story of Flood: Boat, 7 days, Mountain, 3 Birds, Immortality
Sleep Tests and Loaves of Bread
Bath, Royal Robes, Dive for Flower of Immortality
Return to Uruk with a Story to Tell
The Babylonian Creation Myth: “Enumu Elish”
1750 B.C.E.
version)
Hammurabi Tablet in which Marduk appears (1 st
668-630 B.C.E.
“Enumu Elish” Tablets Ashurbanipal’s Library
Tablet I:
Cosmogony: Waters of the Abyss
Apsu & Tiamat (Sweet and Bitter Water)
Lahmu & Lahamu
Anshar and Kishar (Sky and Earth)
Anu (Empty Heaven)
Ea (Nudimmud) & Damkina (Kill Apsu)
Marduk
Tiamat & Kingu’s Monsters created
Tablet II-III
Anu, Anshar, Ea vs. Tiamat and Kingu
Marduk created, and legitimized by Synod
Tablet IV
Marduk Invested and Armed
Four Horses and Winds vs. Tiamat
Tablet V
Creation of Heavens and Earth
Banquet and Plans for Babylon
Tablet VI-VII
Creation of Man from Kingu
Theogony, Naming of the Gods
Archetypes:
Goddess of Creation (Tiamat, Tehom, Gaia)
Devouring Father (Apsu, Jahweh, Chronos)
Theomachia (Zeus vs. Titans, Jahweh vs. Lucifer)
Investiture, Arming of the Hero
Battle with Monster (Leviathan, Typhon, Vritra)
Sacrificial Victim (Tiamat, Purusha, Ymir)
Perspectives:
Structuralist (Opposites)
Psychological (Freud and the Oedipal Complex)
Anthropological (Patriarchy vs. Matriarchy)
Creativity and Creation Myths
Biblical Chronology
1000 B.C.E.
David and Solomon in Jerusalem
c. 800 B.C.E.
Yahwist Text "J": Southern Kingdom, Jahweh, Sinai
c. 700 B.C.E.
Elohist Text "E": Northern Kingdom, Elohim, Horeb
586 B.C.E.
Fall of Jerusalem, Babylonian Captivity
539 B.C.E.
Return to Jerusalem by Cyrus the Persian
c.300 B.C.E.
Priestly Text "P": Pentateuch
33 A.D.
Crucifixion
70 A.D.
Diaspora
33-200 A.D.
Four Gospels
Perspectives
Allegorical
Philo (20 B.C. to 45 A.D: Symbolon); Celsus (178 A.D. history as
symbol); Origen (248 A.D. eikones, typology); Ephrem the Syrian
(373 A.D. figures, types): historical (Jerome Ox Luke), allegorical
(Ambrose Mark Lion), moral (Gregory Matthew Man), spiritual
(Augustine John Eagle
Structuralism:
Interplay of Opposites
Archetypalist:
Universal Symbols (Garden-Tree-Serpent-Woman; Four Rivers;
Flood; Clothing; Matriarchy to Patriarchy)
Linguistic:
Grammatical (Ruach, Elohim, Tehom)
Gnostic:
Incarnation and Transfiguration (Animal Skins)
Scientific:
Big Bang, Genetic Code, Evolution
3500-1500 BC:
Dravidian Civilization (Indus River)
2000-1000 BC:
Aryan Invasions
1500-800 BC:
Vedas and Brahmanas
Indra, Vritra, Vajra
Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Brahman, Atman, AUM
Krishna as Avatar
800-500 BC.:
Upanishads
550 B.C.-400 C.E.
Ramayana, Mahabharata,
Bhagavad Gita:
Sanjaya, Dhritarashtra, Arjuna, Krishna
Dharma, Yoga, Karma, Bhakti
Samsara, Purusha, Moksha
563- 483 BC:
Buddha
Boddhi Tree (Kama-Mara-Dharma);
Nirvana, Karma, Maya
274-237 BC:
Asoka
80 BC:
Pali Canon
500 BC-500 AD:
Sutras
300-500 AD:
Panchatantra; Puranas; Tantras
Sir William Jones: Sacontala (1789); Georg Foster, trans. (1791)
Charles Wilkins: Bhagavad Gita (1785)
Theodore Benfey: Panchatantra (1859)
Max Müller: Comparative Mythology (1856); Sacred Books of the East
Sanskrit
Hebrew
Norse
Greek
Brahma - VishnuShiva
Father - Son
Holy Ghost
Wotan - Thor Frey
Zeus - Poseidon Hades
Philosophical Odysseus: The Allegorical Tradition
A
B
C
D
Lotos Eaters
Sirens
Elysium
Naiades
Polyphemous
Scylla
Prison
Swineherd Hut
Aeolus
Helios
Immortality
Atonement
Lestrygonian
Circe
Charybdis
Calypso
Shipwreck
Nausicaa
Slaughter
Penelope
<Hermes>
<Athena>
1. Cynics: Antisthenes (5thc. B.C.): Odysseus as sage who knows life
2. Stoics: Seneca, Epictetus (1stc. A.D.): endurance, indifference
3. Pre-Socratics: Empedocles (5th B.C.): Eris and Eros, Union and Strife
4. Pythagorean: Plutarch (50-120 A.D.); Iamblichus (De vita pythgoras 250-325 A.D.):
Sirens music of spheres calling souls in life and after death to rise above physical world
(Commentary on Plato and Homer X, 517B)
5. Neoplatonic: Plotinus (Enneads 244-269 A.D.); Porphyry (ed. Enneads, On the Cave of
the Nymphs 232-305 A.D., Trans. Taylor 1823); Proclus (412-485 B.C.); Eustathius
th
(12 c. A.D.)
6. Christian and Gnostic: Clement of Alexandria (150-216 A.D.): sirens=habits, pagan
culture; sea=heresies, saeculum; Ulysses on mast=crucifixion; Ithaka=Kingdom of
Heaven; Ambrose (d.397 A.D.): sea=saeculum; Sirens=senses
Ithaka
Fatherland, Eternal Spirit,
Immortality
Sea
Temporal, Sensible,
Material, Physical, Mortal
Ithaka
Homecoming, Father,
Spirit, Intelligible World
Cave, Woman, Calypso,
Sirens, Circe
Cyclops
7. Jungian: Integration of the Anima, Collective Unconscious (Hades)
8. Joseph Campbell: Integration of Goddess, Sun and Moon, Pigs and Eleusinian Mysteries
9. Anthropological: Paleolithic, Neolithic, Cities
10. Stanislav Grof: Perinatal Matrices
11. Evans Lansing Smith: Book of the Dead (Transcendence, Incarnation, Enlightenment)
Homer's Hades: The Odyssey (Book 11)
Burial Place of Memory; Jungian; Judgement; Prophecy
1. Ritual Invocation: (Oracle of Ephyra): bull, barley, honey, wine, grain
2. Personal Levels:
Elpenor's Request for Burial
Tiresias: Union of Opposites; Helios and Suitors; Death of Odysseus
Antikleia: Visions of the Dead; Tales of Telemakhos and Suitors
3. Historical Levels
Catalogue of Consorts and Daughters of Illustrious Men: Tyro, Antiope,
Jocasta, Khloris, Leda; many mated with gods; loveliness of ghosts
Interruption: Frame tale; Alkinoos promises passage home
Catalogue of Heroes: Agamemnon and misogynistic warning; Lament of
Achilles; Telamon
4. Archetypal Levels
Minos as Judge; Tityos (Prometheus); Tantalus; Sisyphus; Herakles
Virgil’s Hades in the Aeneid Book 6
323 B.C. Death of Alexander; 200 B.C. Romes rules Italy; 146 B.C. Punic Wars; 60 B.C.
Caesar assassinated; 27 B.C. Rise of Caesar Augustus (Octavius): Pax Romana
Eclogues (42-37 B.C.), Georgics (26-29 B.C.), Aeneid (29-19 B.C.): 1-6 (Odyssey), 1-12
(Iliad), Pietas, Gravitas, Amor Imperii
1. Cumaean Sybil: Maze on the Doorway, Prophecy
2. Preparation for Descent: Burial of Misenus, Golden Bough
3. Sacrifice and Prayer
4. Entrance:
Personified Causes of Death (Care, Sorrow, Disease, etc.)
Elm Tree (Foolish Dreams)
Imagined Terrors (Scyllas, Centaurs, Hydras, etc.)
5. Styx:
Charon, unburied dead, Palinurus; crossing; Cerberus
6. Hades
Fields of Mourning (babies, suicides, lovers, Dido)
Plain’s End: Men in Arms (Deiphobus)
Crossroads: Tartarus, Dis, Elysium
Tartarus: Tisiphone, Hydra at Gate
Fraud, Titans, Tityus, Tantalos
Elysium: Door, Water, Golden Bough
Virtuous Dead (Games, Poetry, Music, War)
Priest and Saints (Musaeus)
Anchises: Atonement and Revelation
Souls at River Lethe
Mind, Spirit, Karma, Purgation and Rebirth
Future: Children of Troy and Italian Sons
7. Return:
Two Gates, Horn, Ivory of False Dreams
Oedipus the King
Prologue:
Oedipus and the Priest (wasteland)
Oedipus and Creon (news from the Delphic oracle)
Parodos:
Invocation of the Gods (Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Dionysus)
Scene 1:
Oedipus decrees exile for murderer
Oedipus and Teiresias (accusation and recrimination)
Ode 1:
Hymn to Delphi and bewilderment
Scene 2:
Oedipus and Creon (urges test and evidence)
Oedipus and Iocaste (anti-oracle and memory of the three roads)
Ode 2:
Reverence and challenge of faith in Delphic obscurities
Scene 3:
Messenger from Corinth and death of Polybos
Oedipus and Iocaste (repression and denial)
Ode 3:
Hymn to Gods of Kithairon who nurtured Oedipus
Scene 4:
Oedipus and Shepherd (reveals story of baby Oedipus)
Ode 4:
Fall of Kings (Recognition and Reversal)
Exodos:
Messenger decribes events in the palace
Oedipus and the Choragos (lament)
Oedipus and Creon (resolve punishment)
Oedipus and Antigone
Perspectives:
1. Freud
Symptom
Questions
Revelation
Healing
2. Aristotle
Problem:
hamartia
Rising
Action
Recognition
Anagnoresis
Reversal
Peripeteia
3. Structuralism: mythos / logos; fate / free will; até / arêté; sight / blindness
4. Comparative Mythology: Oedipus and Moses (Infant Exile); Delphi and Sinai
(Sacred Mountain); Oedipus and Jesus (Suffering Servant)
5. Friedrich Nietzsche: The Birth of Tragedy (1872): Apollonian (plastic arts,
phenomenal world, prinicipium individuationis, representation) vs. Dionysian
(music, life behind phenomenal world, source and matrix, will)
The Thousand and One Nights
History
Indian (Hindu), Persian (Mazdaism) Arabic (Muslim)
1500-600 B.C.
Zoroastrianism: Avestas, Yasnas, Gathas
Ahura Mazda vs. Aingra Mayu
Gayomart and Saoshyans
Armageddon, Resurrection, Last Judgement, “Pairidaeza”
622-32 A.D.
Mohammed: Miraj Namah, Hejira
800 A.D.
Bundahish, Arda Viraf and Cinvat Bridge
Hezar Efsan Persian, trans. into Arabic
Abbaside Khalifate of Haroun er Reshid (786-809)
1190-1230 A.D.
1704-17
1771
1881/85
Crusades and Arthurian Romances
Antoine Galland Louis XIV
Duperon trans. Zend Avesta
John Payne and Sir Richard Burton.
Nekyia:
NDE:
BPM:
Persian Myth:
Hero Journey of Soul (Incarnation / Reincarnation)
Dark Tunnel, Light Being, Paradise, Return
Union, Contractions, Birth Canal, Delivery
Miraj Namah (Etana, Zoroaster, Mohammed), Simurgh, Kaf,
Cinvat Bridge, Angel, Hûrqalyâ
Sinbad 1
Sinbad 2
Sinbad 3
Sinbad 4
Sinbad 5
Sinbad 6
Sinbad 7
Aladdin
Dervish 1
Dervish 2
Dervish 3
Girl 1
Seahorse / Mares
Egg, Rukh, Diamond Mts., Serpent, Cave, Valley, Ram
Palace / Giant's Oven / Serpent, Tree, Coffin
Cannibals, Cavern, Bread, Water, Tunnel Guide
Old Man of Sea
Grave, River, Cavern, Tunnel to Meadow
Raft, Net, Fallen Angels, Mountain
1st Nekyia: Doors, Steps, Chambers, Garden, Stairs
Two Processions: Mother (2x40), Aladdin (4x12), Mandala
2nd Nekyia: Necromancy, Abduction of Princess, Rescue
Fatmah, Dome, Roc’s Egg
Tomb, Door, Staircase (Romeo and Juliet Burned)
Woodcutter, Slab, Stairs, Door, Palace (Jinnee / Princess)
Ape (Thoth), Sorceress vs. Jinnee (Ceridwen Motif)
Magnetic Mt, Shipwreck, Trap Door, Ajeeb's Murder
Bronze Palace, Ramskin, Roc, Palace of 40 Girls, 40 Doors, Horse
Black Stone, Palace, King, Queen, 7 Steps, Diamond
The Celestial Ascent and the Angels
Assyrian:
Etana (7th BC): Plant of birth, Eagle, Mountain
Persian:
Zoroaster (660 BC, Zend Avesta, Gathas, Bundahishn)
7 Revelations of Archangels
Vohuman: riverside, garment, assembly
Karshiptar: brings the teachings of Ahura Mazda
Ahura Mazda (light)
Vohuman (animals, knowledge)
Ashavahishta (fire, truth)
Shahrivar (metals, power)
Armati (earth, wisdom)
Haurvatat (water, wealth)
Ameretat (plants, beauty, immortality)
Biblical:
Ezekiel: Riverside, Angel, Chariot (Merkabah)
Book of Enoch: 7 Halls, Seals, Names, Doors
Uriel (world, Tartarus)
Raphael (spirits of men)
Raguel (vengeance, luminaries)
Michael (mankind, chaos)
Saraqael (spirits)
Gabriel (paradise, serpents, cherubim)
Remiel (those who rise)
Islam:
632 AD: Muhammed and the Koran: Miraj Namah
Rasul Karim (Archangel Gabriel), Dhikr (Angel, Bird)
Solomon and “The Language of the Birds”
939-1037 AD: Avicenna (Aristotle and Angels)
Empyrean of the Intellect (Archangels)
Mundus Imaginalis (Angels): Hûrqalyâ
Terrestrial World of the Senses
1177 AD: Farid Attar: Conference of the Birds
Simorgh, Feather, and Kaf (Hamsa=Brahman)
7 Valleys (Quest, Love, Understanding, Independence,
Detachment, Pure Unity, Astonishment, Poverty and Nothingness)
Lightning (Vajra), Doorways, Mirror
The Arthurian Romances
I.
The High Middle Ages
A.
Political: 1137-1205 Anglo-Norman patriotic epics:
1. Geoffrey of Monmouth: Historia Regum Britanniae 1136 Latin. Takes
legends of Arthur to create national epic of the Anglo-Welsh-NormanBreton empire of Henry I-II
2. Wace: Brut 1175 translation of Geoffrey into French couplets. Won advancement from Henry II at Bayeux. Round Table.
3. Layamon 1205 translates Wace into Middle English alliterative epic.
Arthur taken to Avalon by Morgana
B.
Social: 1160-1230 French Courtly Romances:
1. Chrétien de Troyes 1160-1190: "Yvain," "Knight of the Cart,"
"Perceval" emphasis on courtly love ethic, chivalry, gentilesse
2. Marie de France: Breton lais, or short songs, "Yonec," "Sir Launfall"
C.
Religious: 1180-1230 Legends of Joseph of Arimathie:
1. Robert de Boron 1180-1199: Joseph d'Arimathie Grail as the chalice of
the Last Supper brought to England by Joseph
2. Clerical Authors 1215-1230: L'Histoire del Saint Graal Old French
compendium linking Celtic and Christian traditions (Grail a dish or a bowl
3. Secular Authors Li Livres de Lancelot (Vulgate or Prose Lancelot)
4. Cistercian Monk 1215 La Queste del Saint Graal quest as journey of
Christian soul from City of Man to City of God
D.
Psychological: German Biographical Epics 1200-1215
1. Wolfram von Eschenbach 1195-1225 Parzival Grail quest applied neither to politics (A), courtly love and chivalry (B), nor to theology (C), but
to the psychology of individuation
2. Gottfried von Strassburg 1210 Tristan Secular mythology of courtly
love (amor) between eros (sexual love) and (agape) religious or
sacramental love
Chrétien’s “Knight of the Cart” (Lancelot)
Camelot
“San” et “Matiere” “molt bel conjointure”
Meleagant’s Challenge / Kay’s Response
Mysterious Knight and Battle Scene
Forest (7)
Cart and Dwarf, Castle with 3 Maidens and Perilous Bed
Sees Queen, Funeral, Crossroads (Gorre Kingdom of No Return)
Love Trance, Knight at the Ford, Rape Battle Temptation at Night
Comb, Older Man, Son, Maiden; Perilous Chapel, Sarcophagus
Deer Hunter’s Castle (Prisoners of Logres, Stone Passage)
Deer Hunter’s Sons to Stone Passage, Knight with 2 Axes
Trapped in Passage through Fortress with 3 Gates and Ring
Decapitates Knight for Maiden
Psychomachia: Generosity and Compassion
Sword Bridge and Lions at Vespers
Three Mary’s Ointment
Defeats Meleagant, Queen’s Intervention, Treaty, Naming
Guenevere’s Rejection, 3 Days of Grief and Suicide
Sacred Marriage (Minne, Eros, Agape, Amor)
Camelot
Imprisonment in Tower and Rescue by Maiden
Final Battle with Meleagant
Sycamore, Spring, Gems, Silver, Gold
Zimmer
Kama-Mara-Dharma (Buddha, Boddhisattva)
Initiation Rites (Templars, Cathars)
Marseille Tarot Deck
RRC
Defamiliarizing (Russian Formalists)
Pathologizing (Hillman)
Dissolution of Ego (Complexes, Archetypes)
Threshold Crossing (Campbell)
Typology
Harrowing of Hell, Armageddon (Lancelot, Jesus)
Chrétien’s “Knight with the Lion” (Yvain)
Camelot
Arthur’s Sleep, Calogrenant’s Tale
Forest
Wild Man of the Woods
Tree, Spring, Stone, Cup (300)
Battle with the Black Knight (Esclados) (306)
Portcullis and Lunette’s Ring (Invisibility)
Sacred Marriage (Sun and Moon, Investiture)
Arrival of Arthur and his Knights
Camelot
Yvain Forgets Laudine
Divestiture and Departure (330)
Forest
Healing Ointment (Morgan the Wise) (332)
Reinvestiture
Heroic Deeds: Count Alier for Lady Noroison
Harpin the Giant for Gawain’s Niece
Lion and Rescue of Lunette
Weaving Women (361)
Camelot
Fight with Gawain, Reconciliation with Laudine
RRC
Russian Formalists (Propp): Defamiliarization, Elementary Ideas
Psychoanalytic (Freud/Jung): Dreamwork, Tagesreste, Complex
Archetypalist (Hillman): Pathologizing, Imaginal Archetypes
Myth (Campbell): Threshold Crossing and Battle
Myth
Zimmer: Merlin, Lady of the Fountain, Lion
Frazer: Golden Bough, Sacred Marriage (Diana & King of the Wood)
Weston: Ritual to Romance
Tree
Celtic (Druids), Norse (Yggdrasil & Wotan), Christian (Eva/Ave)
Stone
Iron to Gold, Stone to Emerald (Alchemy, Individuation, Mandala)
Bachelor to Husband (Owen), Christian Knight (Hunt)
Chrétien
San et matière; fin amours (armes vs. amours); molt bele conjointure
Chrétien’s “Story of the Grail” (Perceval)
Separation
Simple Fool ‘Bel Inconnu,’ ‘Einfache Mensch’
Knights in the Forest
Mother’s Instructions and Investiture
Initiation
Maiden in the Pavilion
Arrival at Arthur’s Court
Red Knight and Investiture
Gornemant de Gohort
Blancheflor vs. Anguingueron & Clamadeu
Grail Castle: Fisher King in Hall by Fire
Squire and Sword, Bleeding Lance,
Golden Candlelabrae, Grail, Silver Platter
Ivory Table on Ebony Trestles
Cousine with Decapitated Knight
Wounding of Fisher King
Failure to Ask the Question
Naming of Perceval, Death of the Mother
Trebuchet’s Sword
Return Haughty Knight of the Heath and Abused Wife
Snow Geese and Love Trance
Back to Court with Gawain
Loathly Damsel of the Proud Castle’s Challenge
Initiation
Five Years of Wandering, Thoughtless of God
Three Knights with 10 Penitential Women on Good Friday
Hermit in Chapel: Fisher King’s Father’s Brother, etc. (460)
Grail and the Host, Perceval’s Confession and Penance
Wolfram’s Gawain
Call
Kingrimursel (Lord Killed by Gawain): Joust in 40 Days
Initiation
Fights for Duke Lyppault, Obie, Obilot the Younger
King Vergulaht of Ascalun and Antikonie
Sends Gawain to Find Grail
Castle of Orgeluse (Spiral, Tree, Spring)
Malcreatiure (Cundrie’s Brother, Daughters of Adam)
Fights Lischois Gwelljus on Nag from Urjans
Ferryman feeds Merlin Hawk, gets Lischois, tells of Clinschor
Perilous Bed
Clinschor’s Magic Pillar and the Queens
Defeats Turquot
Crosses Rushing River: Gramoflanz (Garland, Peacock Plume)
Killed Cidegast (Orgeluse’s Lover), in Love with Itonje
Reconciliation with Orgeluse
Return
Gives sister Gramoflanz’s Ring
Arranges for Arthur’s Arrival
Queen Arnive tells Clinschor’s Story
Fights with Parzival at Gramoflanz’s Tree
Marriages: Gramoflanz & Itonje; Gawain & Orgeluse;
Feierfiz and Grail Maiden; Parzival and Condwiramours
Wolfram’s Parzival
Call:
Knights in the Forest
Jeschute'
Sigune and Schionatulander
Fisherman directs to Camelot
Red Knight
Initiation
Gurnemanz
Condwiramours' Castle
Fisherman directs him to the Grail Castle
Cousin Sigune with dead knight in lap
Return:
Jeschute and Orilus
Parzival in love trance (Kay and Gawain)
_____________________________________________________________
Call:
Kundry
Initiation
Trevirizent (Good Friday, 5 Years Later)
Heals Amfortas
Return
Reconciliations at Arthur’s Court
Marriage and Reunion