Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, Early, and High Classical
Periods (Ninth – Fifth centuries BCE)
A. Fill in the Blank
Libon of Elis
Erechtheion
gold and ivory
Corinthians
gigantomachy
contrapposto
Polykleitos
Propylaia
Kallikrates
cire perdue
Herakles
opisthodomos
wood and mud brick
chitons and himations
amphiprostyle
Ionic
naos
agora
stylobate
peplos
Athena
Iktinos
Daedalic
volute
meander
Lord Elgin
Protagoras
Pericles
pronaos
alive
minaret
entasis
encaustic
fillets
Egyptians
herm
slip
Hellenes
architrave
fasciae
palestra
Myron
high city
Pythagoras
frieze
Artemis
Persians
sea
Phidias
Severe
1.
The Lady of Auxerre is the masterpiece of a style usually referred to as _____________________,
named after a legendary artist whose name means “the skillful one.”
2.
The Greeks, or ________________, as they called themselves, appear to have been the product of an
intermingling of Aegean peoples and Indo-European invaders.
3.
The black-figure painting ceramic technique was invented by the ________________________.
4.
The statue of Athena in the Parthenon was the work of _______________________, who was also the
overseer of the temple’s sculptural decoration.
5.
In 480 BCE, prior to the Classical age, Athens was occupied and sacked by the __________________.
6.
The weight-shift, or ______________________, of the Kritios Boy, separates the Classical statue from
Archaic Greek statuary.
7.
The architect of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, the first great monument of Classical art and
architecture, was _____________________.
8.
In the Classical Greek Ionic order, the three horizontal bands that make the architrave are called
_____________________.
9.
The core of a Greek temple was the ______________ or cella, a room with no windows that usually
housed the cult statue of the deity.
10. The entablature of a Greek temple has three parts: the ____________________, the frieze, and the
cornice.
11. In the middle of the shafts of the columns at the Temple of Hera I at Paestaum, a pronounced swelling
known as ___________________ expresses in a vivid manner the weight-bearing function of the
columns.
12. Parts of Greek stone statues were painted in _________________________, where the pigment was
mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot.
13. The Parthenon was erected between 447 and 438 BCE during the rule of ___________________.
14. In both the Doric and Ionic orders of temple architecture, the columns rest on a platform. The
uppermost course of this platform is called the _________________________.
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
15. The so-called “Archaic smile” of Greek statues seems to be the Archaic sculptor’s way of indicating
that the person portrayed is ____________________.
16. The Riace Bronzes, were discovered accidentally in the __________ near Riace at the “toe” of the
Italian “boot.”
17. The monumental entrance to the Acropolis was the _______________________.
18. For the Parthenon, the Doric order was used for the stately exterior and the __________________
order was used for the interior.
19. The Diskobolos was created by the sculptor __________________.
20. The Panathenaic Festival that took place every four years in Athens began in the marketplace and
ended on the Acropolis, where a new __________________ was placed on an ancient wooden statue
of Athena.
21. The Doryphoros was originally called Canon by its sculptor _______________________.
22. A bust on a square pillar is called a __________________.
23. A __________________ is an ancient Greek exercise area, usually framed by a colonnade and often
found in bathing establishments.
24. The _________________________ is located on the site where it was believed that Poseidon had
staked his claim to Athens in a contest with Athena by striking the Acropolis rock with his trident and
producing a salt-water spring.
25. A lost-wax method known as ___________________ was used to create the Riace warrior and the
Delphi charioteer.
26. The flutes of Doric columns meet in sharp ridges called arrises, but the Ionic ridges, which are called
_________________, are flat.
27. ____________________ was the goddess of wisdom and warfare. She was a virgin, born not from the
womb of a woman but from the head of her father, Zeus.
28. During the formative period of Greek art known as the Geometric period, vases were decorated with a
_________________, or key, pattern, in horizontal bands of varying height.
29. As punishment for killing his wife and children, the Greek hero ________________ was condemned to
perform twelve great labors.
30. Many of the earliest Greek temples do not survive because they were made of ___________________
_________________.
31. The “pigment” the Greek vase painter applied to the clay surface is customarily referred to as glaze,
but the black areas on Greek pots were actually made with ________________, or liquefied clay, that
was originally of the same rich red orange color as the clay of the pot.
32. The little Temple of Athena Nike on the Athenian Acropolis was designed by ___________________.
33. ___________________ was the Greek goddess of the hunt and of wild animals. As the twin and sister
of Apollo, she was also associated with the moon.
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
34. For the Greeks, humans were, in the words of the philosopher _____________________, the “measure
of all things.”
35. The battle of gods and giants, known as the ________________________, was a popular theme in
Greek art from Archaic through Hellenistic times and was a metaphor for the triumph of reason and
order over chaos.
36. The monumental statue of Athena in the Parthenon was a chryselephantine statue, meaning that it was
composed of ________________________.
37. The figures from the Temple of Zeus at Olympia display a severity that contrasts sharply with the
smiling and elaborately clad figures of the Late Archaic period. Many art historians call this Early
Classical phase of Greek art the “_______________ Style.”
38. The foundation of the Greek trading colony of Naukratis before 630 BCE brought the Greeks into
direct contact with the monumental stone architecture of the ____________________________.
39. The caryatids of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi resemble contemporary korai dressed in Ionian
_______________________________________.
40. The architects of the Parthenon were __________________ and Kallikrates.
41. The influential philosopher ______________________ of Samos and his followers believed that
underlying harmonic proportions could be found in all of nature, determining the form of the cosmos
as well as of things on earth, and that beauty resided in harmonious numerical ratios.
42. In its classical form, the Greek temple had a porch at the rear set against the blank back wall of the
cella. That porch is called the _____________________________.
43. The term ______________________ refers to the style of a Greek building in which the colonnade
was placed across both the front and the back, but not along the sides.
44. When the Ottomans converted the Parthenon into a mosque, they built a tower called a
__________________ to call the faithful to prayer.
45. The space, or porch, in front of the cella or naos of an ancient Greek temple is called a
__________________.
46. One Ionic feature of the Siphnian Treasury is the continuous sculptured ___________________ found
on all four sides of the building.
47. The Panathenaic Festival procession began in the _________________, or marketplace, in Athens and
ended on the Acropolis.
48. Between 1801 and 1803, while Greece was still under Turkish rule, _______________________, the
British ambassador to the Ottoman court at Istanbul. Was permitted to dismantle many of the
Parthenon sculptures and to ship the best-preserved ones to England.
49. The Francois Vase, a new kind of krater with _____________-shaped handles, is signed by both its
painter and its potter.
50. The word “acropolis” means “_____________________.”
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
B. Multiple Choice
1.
The Parthenon was built during the
a) eighth century BCE
b) sixth century BCE
c) fifth century BCE
d) fourth century BCE
2.
Which of the following is known as a master
of the black-figure technique?
a) Phidias
b) Exekias
c) Myron
d) Kallikrates
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In what way do Greek kouros statues differ
from their Egyptian prototypes?
a) their nudity
b) their rigidly frontal stance
c) their use of a canonical format
d) their use for funerary purposes
What are found between the trigylphs on the
frieze on a Doric temple?
a) pediments
b) stylobates
c) capitals
d) metopes
The Erechtheion is best known for its porch
of
a) atlantids
b) caryatids
c) kouros statues
d) lekythoi
Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of Greek vases of the
Geometric period?
a) a meander pattern
b) highly stylized figures
c) use of abstract ornament to fill empty
spaces
d) the red-figure technique
The architect of the Temple of Athena Nike
was
a) Kallikrates
b) Mnesikles
c) Libon of Elis
d) Polykleitos
8.
Which of the following is NOT part of the
entablature of a Greek temple?
a) the epistyle
b) the frieze
c) the stylobate
d) the cornice
9.
The Lady of Auxerre exemplifies a fondness
during the Orientalizing period for
a) anatomical accuracy
b) pattern
c) the contrapposto pose
d) relaxed organic forms
10. Pericles, Sophocles, and Socrates all lived
during the
a) eighth century BCE
b) sixth century BCE
c) fifth century BCE
d) fourth century BCE
11. The cult statue of Athena created for the
cella of the Parthenon was made of
a) gold and ivory
b) bronze
c) marble
d) painted wood
12. The Polykleitan style is BEST characterized
as
a) a strict symmetrical arrangement of
form
b) a harmony of opposites in regard to
motion and rest
c) interested in stylized patterns and forms
d) conveying a strong show of emotion
13. The vases painted by Euphronios belong to
the
a) Geometric period
b) Orientalizing period
c) Archaic period
d) Classical period
14. Geometric vases were created during the
a) eighth century BCE
b) sixth century BCE
c) fifth century BCE
d) fourth century BCE
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
15. The Doryphoros was created by
a) Myron
b) Phidias
c) Kresilas
d) Polykleitos
16. A kylix is
a) a bowl for mixing wine and water
b) a drinking cup
c) a two-handled storage jar
d) a flask containing perfumed oil
17. The inner frieze of the Parthenon is Ionic
due to the fact that it is
a) composed of metopes and triglyphs
b) continuous
c) located below the architrave
d) supported by Corinthian columns
18. The eyes, lips, and the hair of the Kroisos
statue were painted with
a) encaustic
b) engobe
c) oil paint
d) gold leaf
19. “Parthenos” in Greek means
a) “wisdom”
b) “pride”
c) “virgin”
d) “high city”
20. The Republic, which formulated a
prescription for the ideal form of
government, was written by
a) Socrates
b) Pericles
c) Pythagoras
d) Plato
21. Polygnotos of Thasos was known for his
innovative attempt to
a) create polychromatic color schemes on
Greek vases
b) situate figures compositionally on
different levels in space
c) define the human form with
foreshortened body parts
d) fuse Doric and Ionic features together
into Greek temple architecture
22. The east pediment of the Parthenon depicts
a) a contest between Poseidon and Athena
b) the battle between the Lapiths and the
centaurs
c) the birth of Athena
d) the gigantomachy
23. A foreshortened figure is a figure can BEST
be described as
a) lacking harmonious proportions
b) diminutive in scale
c) representative of a conceptual artistic
approach
d) representative of an optical artistic
approach
24. The inner Ionic frieze of the Parthenon
depicts
a) the acceleration and deceleration of a
procession
b) a contest between Poseidon and Athena
c) a chariot race between Pelops and King
Oinomaos
d) the birth of Athena
25. Which of the following is NOT an event in
the life of Herakles?
a) wrestling against Antaios, a son of
Earth
b) obtaining the golden apples of the
Hesperides
c) defeating the legendary lion of Nimea
d) winning a chariot race against King
Oinomaos
26. The Doryphoros by Polykleitos was created
around
a) 750 BCE
b) 650 BCE
c) 550 BCE
d) 450 BCE
27. Entasis refers to the
a) swelling of Greek columns
b) clay body of a Greek vase
c) lost-wax method of creating Greek
bronze statues
d) a molded projection surrounding a
pediment
28. Which of the following is NOT an
architectural feature of the Parthenon?
a) a peristyle
b) a raking cornice
c) a hypostyle hall
d) post and lintel construction
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
29. The Greek goddess most closely associated with victory is
a) Demeter
b) Nike
c) Aphrodite
d) Hera
30. The Lady of Auxerre dates from the
a) eighth century BCE
b) seventh century BCE
c) sixth century BCE
d) fifth century BCE
31. The term “kouros” refers to
a) a long, woolen garment
b) a female goddess
c) a votive offering
d) a male youth
32. The black areas on black-figure vases were created with
a) slip
b) encaustic
c) gesso
d) gouache
33. The vertical channels carved into the columns of Greek temples are called
a) fibulas
b) flutes
c) friezes
d) fasciae
34. The term “horror vacui” can BEST be applied to
a) vases of the Archaic period
b) vases of the Geometric period
c) Classical Greek statuary
d) Greek mural paintings found at Paestum
35. Athena is the Greek goddess of
a) love
b) grain and agriculture
c) wisdom and warfare
d) the hunt and wild animals
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods (Fourth Century – 31 BCE)
A. Fill in the Blank
Gauls
tesserae
emblema
Issus
Paris
Lysippos
theatron
hypaethral
Pergamon
stability and balance
crown a naval victor
Polyeuktos
Hellenistic
Hippodamian
Kallimachos
Epidauros
Halikarnassos
Rome
acanthus
skene
Praxiteles
Sulla
slender
stoas
Sparta
1.
In a Greek theater, the spectators sat on a slope called a ___________________, or “place of seeing.”
2.
Bordering the Greek agora were ________________, covered colonnades which often housed shops and civic
offices.
3.
The ___________________ plan of Greek cities was one that imposed a strict grid on the site, regardless of the
terrain, so that all streets would meet at right angles.
4.
Polykleitos the Younger, possibly a nephew of the great fifth century sculptor, created a Greek theater at
_______________________ renowned even in antiquity for the harmony of its proportions.
5.
Unlike earlier Greek pebble mosaics, the Alexander Mosaic was created with tiny stones or pieces of glass
called ________________________.
6.
In the Peloponnesian War of 431-404 BCE, Athens was badly defeated by __________________.
7.
The Temple of Apollo in Didyma can be described as _____________________, or “open to the sky” as it had
no pediment and no roof.
8.
The gigantomachy of the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon alluded to the Pergamene victory over the
____________________.
9.
The left hand of the Venus de Milo holds the apple ________________ awarded her when he judged her as the
most beautiful goddess of all.
10. Athens sided with King Mithridates VI of Pontus in his war against Rome and was crushed by the Roman
general ______________ in 86 BCE.
11. The Corinthian capital consists of a double row of _________________ leaves, from which tendrils and flowers
emerge, wrapped around a bell-shaped echinus.
12. Ancient sources reveal that Alexander the Great believed that only ____________________ had captured his
essence in a portrait, and that is why only he was authorized the sculpt the king’s image.
13. The Aphrodite of Knidos caused such a sensation in its time because the sculptor ________________ took the
unprecedented step of representing the goddess of love completely nude.
14. The Corinthian capital was invented during the fifth century BCE by the sculptor
_________________________.
15. The term “mausoleum” was derived from the rule of Caria in Asia Minor, Mausolos. His tomb, one of the
Seven Wonders of the ancient world, was located at ____________________________.
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
16. The Alexander Mosaic depicts the Battle of ________________, where Alexander the Great defeated the
Persian king Darius III.
17. Lysippos introduced a new canon of proportions making the bodies more _________________ than those of
Polykleitos.
18. An original bronze statue of the orator Demosthenes, created with an eye for a moving sense of individuality by
the sculptor ___________________, was set up in the Athenian agora in 280 BCE.
19. The _____________________ period of Greek art is traditionally reckoned from the death of Alexander the
Great in 323 BCE and lasted nearly three centuries, until 31 BCE, when Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and Mark
Antony were defeated at Actium.
20. In the Weary Herakles of around 320 BCE, the sculptor Lysippos rejects
________________________________ as worthy goals for statuary.
21. The famous statue of Laocoon and his sons was found in the city of ______________ in 1506 in the presence of
the great Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo.
22. It is believed that the missing right arm of the Nike of Samothrace was once raised high to
___________________________________.
23. After the breakup of Alexander’s empire, the kingdom of Attalos II embraced almost all of western and
southern Asia Minor. Their capital city was _______________________.
24. The scene building of a Greek theater, which housed dressing rooms for the actors and also formed a backdrop
for the plays, was called the ____________________.
25. The central section or motif of a mosaic is called a(n) _________________________.
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
B. Multiple Choice
1.
The Nike of Samothrace was created during
which period of Greek art?
a) Archaic
b) Classical
c) Late Classical
d) Hellenistic
2.
The sculpture of Praxiteles can be BEST
characterized by
a) a shallow S-curve form
b) an “Archaic smile”
c) schematic patterns
d) violent movement
10. In ancient Greece, plays were performed
a) every week
b) every month
c) six times a year
d) once a year
3.
A circular Greek shrine is known as a/an
a) agora
b) tholos
c) skene
d) stoa
11. Nike in ancient Greece was the goddess of
a) love and beauty
b) victory
c) wisdom
d) fertility and the harvest
4.
The Barberini Faun can be BEST described
as
a) stiff and rigid
b) lacking pathos
c) overtly erotic
d) capturing an individual likeness
12. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive
feature of the foreign Gauls depicted in the
Hellenistic statue of the Dying Gaul?
a) a neck band (torque)
b) a mustache
c) a beard
d) long, bushy hair
5.
“Tesserae” was used in ancient times to
create a/an
a) bronze statue
b) mosaic
c) panel painting
d) ceramic vessel
6.
7.
8.
The Nike of Samothrace was created around
a) 550 BCE
b) 430 BCE
c) 270 BCE
d) 190 BCE
The Pergamene kingdom of Attalos II ruled
much of what is today known as
a) Turkey
b) Romania
c) Italy
d) Macedonia
The Dying Gaul was part of a statuary group
that was originally set up on the acropolis of
the city of
a) Athens
b) Pergamon
c) Priene
d) Didyma
9.
An open square or space used for public
meetings or business in ancient Greek cities
is called a/an
a) andron
b) stoa
c) agora
d) castrum
13. What was done to the columns of the Stoa of
Attalos to guard against damage from
constant traffic?
a) columns were placed on a tall base
b) part of the shaft was unfluted
c) columns were covered with metal
bands
d) columns were closely spaced together
to prevent traffic from easy access
14. Where in a Greek theater did the actors and
the chorus perform?
a) the orchestra
b) the agora
c) the theatron
d) the cavea
15. The Weary Herakles was created by
a) Praxiteles
b) Polykleitos
c) Lysippos
d) Epigonos
Chapter 5
The Art of Ancient Greece
16. The Apoxyomenos can BEST be described
as a/an
a) bas-relief sculpture
b) high relief sculpture
c) closed form
d) open form
17. Alexander the Great was from
a) Sparta
b) Macedonia
c) Athens
d) Pergamon
18. Which of the following is NOT a general
characteristic of Hellenistic statuary?
a) a wide variety of physical types
b) overt eroticism
c) highly stylized and schematic forms
d) an interest in movement and action
19. Praxiteles and Lysippos lived during the
a) fifth century BCE
b) fourth century BCE
c) third century BCE
d) first century BCE
20. The story of Laocoon was told in the
Aeneid, which was written by
a) Homer
b) Demosthenes
c) Pliny the Elder
d) Vergil
Chapter 5
e)
The Art of Ancient Greece