Harry S. Truman & Dwight Eisenhower
during the Cold War Unit Exam
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Please select the answer/statement that BEST completes each statement/question.
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1. Who is the person that devised “containment” as a strategy to be used during
the Cold War?
A. Alger Hiss
C. George C. Marshall
B. Dwight Eisenhower
D. George Kennan
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2. He developed a plan that would attack European countries who had weak
economies. He was the Secretary of State who developed a “financial” plan
to fight the extension of communism. Who is this man?
A. George Marshall
C. Harry Truman
B. George Kennan
D. Dean Acheson
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3. Stalin’s establishment of Soviet satellites throughout eastern Europe is an
example of:
A. the ineffectiveness of NATO
B. the geographical and ideological divisions in Europe due to the Cold War
C. Stalin’s belief in self-determination
D. Stalin’s plan to make communism the “World’s Government”
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Please examine the chart below and answer questions 4-6.
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
Soviet Union pressures Turkey for military bases
Soviet Union announces there will be no Eastern
Europe
Winston Churchill makes the “Iron Curtain speech
Great Britain pulls out of Greece
Great Britain pulls out of Turkey
Truman Doctrine issued
Marshall Plan helps Europe
Soviet Union takes over Czechoslovakia
Congress Approves Marshall Plan
United States, France & Great Britain
combine their sectors in Germany
Berlin Blockade & Airlift occur
Berlin Airlift brings blockade to an end
Federal Republic of Germany is formed
(West Germany)
Senate ratifies North Atlantic Treaty Organization
USSR explodes its first atomic bomb
4. This BEST title for this chart is
A. Ending of the Soviet/USA alliance
B. The evolution of the Marshall Plan
C. The evolution of the Truman Doctrine
D. Soviet Aggression
5. What event caused the United States Congress to consider and approve
the Marshall Plan?
A. Soviet Union pressures Turkey for military bases
B. Soviet Union conquers Czechoslovakia
C. Great Britain pulls out of Greece
D. Great Britain pulls out of Turkey
6. Which statement DOES not reflect the information in the above chart?
A. The United States and the Soviet Union are embarked in a Cold War
B. There is aggression taking place and several countries in Europe need
protection from a take over
C. Non-communist countries are allied against the spread of communism
D. The United States government does not support the Policy of
Containment
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7. When communist tried to overthrow a conservative government in Greece,
Harry Truman:
A. suggested that Great Britain support Greece
B. sent land forces to the Mediterranean region
C. applied the Truman Doctrine and sent aid to Greece
D. threatened to use nuclear weapons on the communist
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8. After the Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb, the United States
government felt that it would be best if:
A. the two nations would negotiate nuclear arms control
B. the United States possessed the capability of the H-bomb
C. threatened to use nuclear weapons on the communist
D. declared nuclear weapon testing illegal
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9. The purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was:
A. to organize eastern Europe under the control of the Soviet Union
B. to guarantee and assure European security
C. to rebuild Europe and guarantee stability and security
D. to place western Europe under Soviet protection
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10. Which statement BEST illustrates how the Cold War divided Europe?
A. Self-determination could be evidenced throughout Europe.
B. Communist regimes were established in East Germany and part of Berlin.
C. Czechoslovakia and Poland were separated from other Soviet satellites.
D. Turkey and Greece were unable to defend themselves against the Soviets
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11. What was one cause of the Korean Conflict?
A. the crossing of the 38th parallel by North Korean Communist troops
B. Chiang Kai-Shek was defeated by Mao Zedong and exiled to Taiwan
C. North Korea was invaded by South Korean troops
D. the crossing of the 17th parallel by communist troops
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12. In reaction to Stalin’s Berlin blockade, Truman:
A. ordered American troops to leave Berlin and withdrawal policies were started
B. initiated the Berlin airlift to deliver food, medicine, etc.
C. threatened to use nuclear weapons against the Soviets
D. arranged for a Second Munich Conference
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13. This part of Truman’s Fair Deal was proposed but not passed by Congress:
A. providing funds for low income housing
B. raise the minimum wage
C. provide federal aid for education
D. expand social security benefits
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14. Which statement is NOT reflective of Harry Truman?
A. Truman ‘s administration was marked by McCarthyism.
B. Truman developed a plan called the Fair Deal.
C. Truman was an isolationist who did not support the United Nations.
D. Truman’s Secretary of State developed a financial plan to prevent the
spread of communism
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15. Following World War II, United States foreign policy faced drastic
changes due to:
A. the development of NATO
B. the emergence of a powerful Soviet Union
C. Japanese hostility
D. Chinese aggression
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16. Under the Policy of Containment, the United States aimed to:
A. encourage the Soviets to revolt against communism
B. overthrow and replace the governments in European satellite nations
C. develop a geographical circle of Pro-democratic nations around the Soviet
Union
D. prevent the future spread of communism
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17. How did the Soviet Union react to NATO?
A. Stalin created the Warsaw Pact
B. satellite nations were added
C. the Berlin Blockade started
D. Stalin invaded East Germany
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18. All of the following are examples of Truman’s Fair Deal EXCEPT:
A. total desegregation of the armed forces
B. expansion of social security
C. establishment of an Atomic Energy Commission
D. passage of the McCarran Immigration Act
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19. The person who coined the term “iron curtain” was:
A. Harry Truman
C. Joseph Stalin
B. Winston Churchill
D. George Marshall
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20. This Wisconsin Senator false accused high ranking government officials of
being members of the Communist Party. He is:
A. Dwight Eisenhower
C. Douglas MacArthur
B. Harry Truman
D. Joseph McCarthy
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21. The United States belief in stopping the spread of communism is called:
A. democracy
C. Red Scare
B. containment
D. anti-communism
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The Truman Doctrine
Policy of Containment
Marshall Plan
NATO
22. The list above ALL:
A. dealt with foreign affairs during the Cold War
B. were methods of addressing communist expansion
C. were effective during Truman’s Presidency
D. All are correct
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23. North and South Korea were divided at:
A. 35th parallel
C. 20th parallel
th
B. 38 parallel
D. 83rd parallel
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24. The United States passed the _________ which allocated $13 billion dollars to
be dispersed to weak nations in Western Europe in hopes of stopping
communist expansion.
A. Marshall Plan
C. NATO
B. Warsaw Pact
D. Truman Doctrine
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25. The outcome of the Korean War was:
A. Korea was unified under communist rule
B. North Korea surrendered after the threat of atomic warfare
C. Korea remained divided almost exactly the same as before the war
D. China controls North Korea and South Korea remained independent
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26. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan are examples of:
A. Eisenhower’s domino theory
C. communist ideology
B. the arms race
D. Kennan’s Containment Policy
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27. Why did Congress pass the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947?
A. to protect union officials against undue invasion of privacy
B. to raise the minimum standard wage
C. to increase unemployment compensation
D. to restrict labor strikes that threatened national interest
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28. What were the years of the Korean Conflict?
A. 1941-1946
C. 1950-1953
B. 1947-1951
D. 1952-1957
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29. He was considered a hero of the Korean Conflict but ironically was fired by
Truman for insubordination. He was:
A. Dwight D. Eisenhower
C. George Patton
B. Joseph McCarthy
D. Douglas MacArthur
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30. The United States overcame a Soviet blockade on the city of __________ by
airlifting supplies into the area.
A. London
C. Paris
B. Berlin
D. Moscow
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31. The fear of communism during the 1950’s was called:
A. The First Red Scare
C. The Second Red Scare
B. Xenophobia
D. McCarthyism
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32. They were convicted of selling atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and were
executed. They were:
A. members of the McCarthy family
B. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
C. members of Billy Graham’s family
D. Alger Hiss & family members
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33. Countries that had also become communist and looked to the USSR for
leadership were called:
A. satellites
C. Allies
B. subordinates
D. independent
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34. The foundation for the start of the Cold War can be traced back to:
A. The Versailles Treaty
C. the formation of the United Nations
B. FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy
D. promises at the Yalta Conference
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Harry Truman
George C. Marshall
George Kennan
Winston Churchill
35. These men:
A. in various ways fought to contain communism
B. were economic and political leaders
C. opposed Stalin
D. All are correct
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Please use this timeline to answer questions 36-40.
A
B
C
D
E
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1945
1950
1953
1957
1960
36. The Korean Conflict started in:
A. 1945
B. 1950
E. 1960
C. 1953
D. 1957
37. This was an election year in which Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy
participated in a highly contested election:
A. 1945
C. 1953
B. 1950
D. 1957
E. 1960
38. During this year the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in the
start of the Cold War:
A. 1945
C. 1953
B. 1950
D. 1957
E. 1960
39. This marked the ending of the Korean Conflict and the spread of communism
throughout Korea.
A. 1945
C. 1953
B. 1950
D. 1957
E. 1960
40. The USSR launched Sputnik I alarming the United States.
A. 1945
C. 1953
B. 1950
D. 1957
E. 1960
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41. In 1954, this senator took on the US military and accused them of having
Communist members. This charge led to televised hearings and his
downfall. What is being described?
A. Truman-McCarthy Hearings
C. Army-McCarthy Hearings
B. Truman-Army Hearings
D. McCarthy Naval Hearings
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42. What was the outcome of the 1960 highly contested presidential election?
A. Nixon won & Kennedy lost
B. Johnson won and Nixon lost
C. Johnson won and Kennedy lost
D. Kennedy won & Nixon lost
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43. Who was the author of The Salem Witch Trials and why was it
important during the Cold War?
A. Betty Friedman—it promoted equal rights for women
B. Arthur Miller—it showed the ludicrous behavior behind McCarthyism
C. Jonas Salk—it showed the progress being made in medical technology
D. George Marshall—it discussed the success stories of the Marshall Plan
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44. Why was Jonas Salk important in the 1950’s?
A. he wrote a book discussing technology advances in the 1950’s
B. he developed an economic policy to fight communism
C. he was Eisenhower’s vice-presidential candidate
D. he discovered the polio vaccine
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45. This individual refused to give up her bus seat to a white person in Alabama.
This person is believed to have sparked the start of the Civil Rights Movement.
Who is this person?
A. Rosa Parks
C. Malcolm X
B. Martin Luther King, Jr.
D. Fannie Lou Hamer
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46. _________________ was a piece of legislation passed during Eisenhower’s
Presidency that funneled money into math and science programs. It was
meant to promote space programs and eliminate any space technology gap that
Sputnik may have caused between the USA and USSR.
A. The National Defense Education Act
C. Equal Education Act
B. Brown v. Board of Education
D. Plessy v. Ferguson
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47. Elizabeth Eckford had to have National Guard protection in Little Rock,
Arkansas because:
A. she was the 1st black to enter Ole Miss during the 1950’s
B. she tried to vote in Arkansas
C. she was the 1st black to enter the University of Arkansas
D. she was the 1st black to attend Little Rock High School
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48. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was based on the principle of:
A. collective security
C. appeasement
B. free trade
D. isolationism
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49. The 1957 launching of Sputnik I:
A. proved American technology was superior to the Soviet Union
B. proved that Eisenhower’s popularity was not measurable
C. plunged the United States into a series of recessions
D. caused Congress to pass the National Defense Education Act
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50. Jackie Robinson, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and Martin Luther King
Jr. were alike in that they:
A. helped ignite a religious revival in the 1950’s
B. were the first African Americans to play integrated sports
C. fought government programs limiting free speech
D. fought to end segregation
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51. In 1954, Brown V. the Board of Education in Topeka Kansas stated that:
A. segregation in public places was unconstitutional
B. segregation was constitutional based on Plessy v. Ferguson
C. segregation was constitutional if facilities were equal
D. African American were to be awarded financial rewards due to segregation
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52. He was a famous WW II hero, he was a modern republican, he was
Conservative with money but liberal with people. Which president
is being described?
A. Dwight Eisenhower
C. Harry Truman
B. Douglas MacArthur
D. George Patton
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53. What was characteristics of suburban lifestyles during the 1950’s?
A. the home became the central focus of all activities
B. several generations of families lived together in one home
C. fewer families were involved in family functions
D. All of the above
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54. For 15 years after World War II, the United States:
A. decreased defense spending and maintained a stable economy
B. had a lack of consumer demand, high unemployment and experienced a
recession
C. maintained high imports from Soviet Union and high exports to Soviet Union
D. increased consumer spending and the Cold War led to economic growth
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Transistor
GI Bill
Baby Boom
Franchise
Gross National Product Up
Per Capita Income Up
55. The above grouping of 1950’s terms suggest:
A. The 1950’s experienced an economic boom.
B. Families & industries grew after World War II.
C. The nation was experiencing prosperity.
D. All of the above
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56. Which statement is NOT true when considering the 1950’s?
A. Suburban living led to an increase in church attendance.
B. The general public was entertained by the TV.
C. Government officials and actors were highly scrutinized.
D. Eisenhower was not a very popular president.
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57. How did Joseph McCarthy’s career end?
A. he was arrested after the Army-McCarthy hearings
B. he was public ally condemned by the Senate
C. Eisenhower forced McCarthy to resign
D. Nixon collected enough evidence to have him imprisoned
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58. How did President Eisenhower end the Korean War?
A. he moved additional forces to South Korea
B. he threatened massive retaliation
C. he developed a strategy to employ nuclear weapons
D. All of the above
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Massive Retaliation
Korean Conflict
Suez Canal Crisis
1960 Paris Summit
59. The above list are ALL:
A. examples of Eisenhower enforcing his modern republican beliefs
B. examples of events that caused his popularity to drop
C. examples of foreign policy losses for the United States
D. examples of events & strategies that Ike addressed during the Cold War
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60. How did Eisenhower respond when Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal in
1956?
A. he used restrained force
B. the United States occupied all of Egypt
C. the USA launched an attack against Egypt
D. None of the above
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61. During the 1950’s the United States and the Soviet Union were in an arms
race that led to:
A. worsening Cold War tensions
B. disarmament agreements
C. actual battles
D. an truce was signed between the two nations
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62. Eisenhower’s “modern republicanism” could be described as:
A. wasteful and irresponsible government management
B. radical government policies and aggressive domestic planning
C. moderate government actions and conservative spending
D. All of the above
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63. The Paris Summit was held to address:
A. Khrushchev coming to power
B. the U-2 spy incident
C. the imprisonment of Gary Powers
D. the death of Stalin
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64. Who was the American Pilot in the U-2 incident?
A. Gary Powers
B. John Foster Dulles
C. Jackson Pollack
D. George Marshall
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65. Who was the scientist that sent an Explorer satellite into orbit?
A. Gary Powers
B. Wernher von Braun
C. James Killian
D. George Marshall
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66. During President Eisenhower’s administrations, Congress passed laws in
ALL the areas EXCEPT:
A. restricting labor unions
B. protecting the consumer
C. education
D. civil rights
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67. During the Eisenhower administrations, in foreign affairs:
A. a truce was achieved in the Korean Conflict
B. troops were sent to Egypt during the Suez crisis
C. Ike refused to take part in all summit conferences
D. Ike eliminated American aid to South Vietnam
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68. In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down the decision in
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas which:
A. reversed the “separate but equal” doctrine
B. reaffirmed the “separate but equal” doctrine
C. left segregation issues up to state governments
D. gave federal funds to all schools that desegregated
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Arms Race
Suez Canal Crisis
U-2 Incident
Korea Conflict
69. All of the above terms are:
A. direct attempts to attack the USSR
B. Cold War tensions
C. Examples of combat during the Cold War
D. Misunderstandings that Ike & Stalin experienced
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70. Which mutual defense did the United States belong to?
A. SEATO
C. NATO
B. Warsaw Pact
D. United Nations
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Brown v. Board of Education
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Jim crow Laws
71 The terms listed above all:
A. direct attacks made against African Americans in the south
B. Eisenhower’s Civil Rights initiatives
C. examples of conflict between the 3 branches of government
D. events and actions associated with civil rights in the 1950’s
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72. Eisenhower’s “modern republicanism” involved ALL of the following
EXCEPT:
A. accepting New Deal policies
B. unifying the armed forces under the Department of Defense
C. accepting Fair Deal policies
D. expanding power to state governments
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ESSAY QUESTION—Chose one of the two and write a detailed response.
A. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan fought to contain communism.
Discuss 3 examples of how these plans kept Stalin in check.
B.
The 1950’s were considered a conservative, innovative, booming and a tense
time in American history. Select one example that illustrates how the United
States was booming, conservative, innovative and tense during the 1950’s.
TRUMAN & EISENHOWER COMBINED
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