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Ch 29 Study Guide
1. Which was not a source of Soviet bitterness toward the United States in the period before the
outbreak of World War II? The United States:
A) opposed the Bolshevik revolution that created the Soviet Union
B) refused to have any economic contact with the Soviet Union
C) refused to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union government until 1933
D) sent troops into the Soviet Union toward the end of World War I
2. Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied
conduct of World War II?
A) The slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front
B) The fact that Russia was not invited to the Casablanca Conference
C) The refusal of the United States to include Russia in the lend lease program
D) The refusal of the United States to have any official dealing with a communist government
3. An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca
(1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to:
A) hasten the end of the war
B) destroy the morale of the Axis powers
C) encourage the Italians to split with Germany
D) reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone
4. At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing
to:
A) join the United Nations
B) enter the war against Japan
C) give up reparations from Germany
D) give up claims to Polish territory
5. With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference
provided for:
A) permanent Soviet occupation
B) a system of United Nations mandates
C) interim governments and subsequent free elections
D) the withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government
6. In his interpretation of the Cold War, historian William Appleman Williams:
A) reinforced the official American interpretation that aggressive Soviet policies of expansion
had caused the Cold War
B) argued that the American efforts to expand their capitalist markets overseas caused the Cold
War
C) argued that the Soviets’ deep-seated paranoia caused the Cold War
D) attempted to strike a balance and identify areas of blame on both sides of the Cold War
7. President Truman’s initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets:
A) mirrored that of President Roosevelt
B) resulted in a diplomatic victory at Potsdam
C) was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam
D) placed him in conflict with Winston Churchill
8. When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces were losing the Chinese
civil war to Mao Zedong’s communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention
to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia?
A) India
B) Indonesia
C) Japan
D) The Philippines
9. The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with:
A) Douglas MacArthur
B) George F. Kennan
C) George C. Marshall
D) Henry A. Wallace
10. The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against
Soviet pressures in:
A) Egypt
B) Latin America
C) Western Europe
D) Greece and Turkey
11. The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that:
A) the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery
B) communist influence actually increased in the countries receiving the aid
C) the United States economy was nearly bankrupted by this giveaway program
D) the recipient nations engaged in bitter competition with one another to gain the largest share
of the aid
12. Three of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947? Which
is the exception?
A) It established the CIA
B) It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff
C) It created the National Security Council
D) It combined the functions of secretary of war and secretary of navy under one secretary of
defense
13. Truman’s response to the Berlin blockade was to:
A) abandon the Western-occupied portions of Berlin
B) airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year
C) give up plans for uniting the three Western zones of Germany
D) use military force to break the blockade of land routes into Berlin
14. The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must:
A) consider an attack on one as an attack on all
B) refer all cases of armed aggression to the United Nations
C) confer with one another in case of an attack on any member
D) do none of the above
15. Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and
his nationalist followers:
A) were executed
B) were imprisoned
C) fled to Thailand (Burma)
D) fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan)
16. Which of the following is not an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the
general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of
World War II?
A) A multi-billion dollar tax cut
B) The release of pent-up civilian consumer demand
C) Significant government spending for veterans’ benefits
D) Military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War
17. Truman’s domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the:
A) Fair Deal
B) Square Deal
C) New Frontier
D) New Deal Revisited
18. The significant of the midterm elections of 1946 was that:
A) Truman’s domestic policy won a vote of confidence
B) the voting public demanded more radical governmental reforms
C) the Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate
D) in a political upset, the Democrats regained control of both the House and the Senate
19. Truman’s position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to:
A) farming
B) big business
C) organized labor
D) southern conservatives
20. In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the “Dixiecrats” opposed Truman’s policy on _____, whereas
Henry A. Wallace and the progressives opposed Truman’s _____ policy.
A) civil rights, confrontational Cold War
B) the Cold War, aggressive civil rights
C) economic reconversion, the Social Security system
D) the Social Security system, economic reconversion
21. After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting three of the following parts of his
domestic program passed. Which one did Congress not approve?
A) increase of the minimum wage
B) expansion of the Social Security system
C) federal construction of low-income housing
D) creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission
22. When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea
was:
A) occupied entirely by United States forces
B) occupied by the same four powers as in Germany
C) united under the nationalist government of Syngman Rhee
D) divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation
23. What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea?
A) The incompetence of American troops
B) the resilience of the North Korean army
C) Soviet intervention in the conflict
D) Chinese intervention in the conflict
24. Which of the following was part of the Truman administration’s “loyalty” program?
A) the investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee
B) the McCarron Act
C) the hiss case
D) the Rosenberg case
25. Each of the following was a part of the attraction of McCarthyism for many Americans
EXCEPT:
A) fear of communism
B) convincing evidence
C) resentment of the “Eastern establishment”
D) partisan ambition
26. The essential element of the policy of containment was:
A) a commitment to rolling back communism
B) a rejection of involvement in affairs outside the Western Hemisphere
C) a commitment to holding communism within the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
D) a commitment to working with the Soviet Union
E) a commitment to fight a defensive war against the Japanese while taking the offensive against
Germany
27. The Marshall Plan could be understood as part of an American desire to:
A) make communism less appealing to Europeans creating economic prosperity
B) assemble a military alliance against the Soviet Union
C) maintain Western Europe in a state of permanent economic dependence on the United States
D) permanently eliminate the possibility of a threat from an industrialized Germany
E) end the nation’s postwar depression by creating viable economic competitors in Europe
28. Harry Truman aided the cause of civil rights by:
A) denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential election
B) desegregation the armed forces
C) integrating the public schools
D) ordering non-discrimination in all defense contracts
E) integrating restaurants, movie theaters, and interstate travel
29. The removal of General Douglas MacArthur from command of the United States – United
Nations forces during the Korean War exemplifies the constitutional principle of:
A) separation of powers
B) federal supremacy
C) freedom of speech
D) civilian control of the military
E) impeachment for high crimes and misdemeanors
30. All of these statements about the 1948 presidential campaign are true EXCEPT:
A) the Dixiecrats were a special group of Southern Democrats who would not support Truman
B) Truman was a heavy favorite to defeat his Republican rival, Governor Thomas Dewey of
New York
C) Henry Wallace broke from the Democratic party and became a candidate on the Progressive
party ticket
D) not only did Truman win the election, but his party made gains in both houses of Congress
and picked up most of the governorships
E) the Democrats lost electoral votes from the states once known as the “Solid South”
31. In 1947, President Truman told Congress that the United States could not realize its postwar
objectives unless we were willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their
national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian
regimes. This policy was first implemented in:
A) Greece and Turkey
B) Berlin
C) Hungry and Iran
D) Korea
E) China and Japan
32. The “G.I. Bill of Rights” refers to:
A) an amendment to the Constitution adopted shortly after the end of World War II
B) rights of veterans affirmed by the Supreme Court in a series of post-war decisions
C) legislation passed by Congress pertaining to education, unemployment compensation, loans
for home building, and provisions for medical care of veterans
D) guarantees for employment of veterans in federal government departments and agencies
33. The House Un-American Activities Committee was:
A) responsible for a series of highly publicized hearings designed to expose communist influence
in American life
B) the name the Senator Joseph McCarthy gave to the House Armed Services Committee
C) declared by the Supreme Court to be in violation of basic civil liberties and therefore
unconstitutional
D) shut down by President Truman as a signal to the nation that the crusade against communist
subversion would be directed from the White House
34. All of the following were parts of the Red Scare of the 1950s EXCEPT:
A) investigation of alleged subversives by the House of Representatives
B) passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act
C) conviction of the Rosenbergs for conspiracy
D) documented evidence by Senator McCarthy of communists ties to government officials
E) resignation of government employees under investigation as alleged subversives
35. At the beginning of the Cold War, U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union tended to follow the
ideas of George F. Kennan, that is:
A) an isolationist policy that took no notice of Soviet expansionism
B) an aggressive policy of rolling back the gains already made by the Soviet Union
C) active aid to nationalist movements attempting to throw off Soviet domination
D) strict enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine with regard to Soviet expansionism in the Western
Hemisphere
E) a policy of containment of Soviet expansionist tendencies
36. Besides giving educational benefits to returning veterans, the Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944 (the GI Bill of Rights) was partly intended to
A) prevent returning soldiers from flooding the job market
B) provide the colleges with a new source of income
C) keep the GIs military skills in high readiness for the Cold War
D) help to slow down the inflationary economy that developed at the end of World War II
37. Among President Truman’s most valuable qualities as a leader were:
A) his considerable experiences in international affairs
B) his personal courage, authenticity, and sense of responsibility for big decisions
C) his intolerance of pettiness or corruption among his subordinates
D) his patience and willingness to compromise with honest critics
38. The Korean War broke out in 1950 when:
A) Chinese communists invaded South Korea
B) the Soviet Union threatened to blockade Japan and South Korea
C) South Korea invaded North Korea
D) North Korea invaded South Korea
MATCHING PEOPLE, PLACES, AND EVENTS
_____ Benjamin Spock
_____ Hermann Goering
_____ Joseph Stalin
_____ Berlin
_____ Iran
_____ George F. Kennan
_____ Greece
_____ George C. Marshall
_____ Japan
_____ Nuremberg
_____ Richard Nixon
_____ Joseph McCarthy
_____ Henry A. Wallace
_____ Strom Thurmond
_____ Douglas MacArthur
A. Top Nazi official who committed suicide after being
convicted in war-crimes trials
B. Physician who provided advice on child rearing to babyboomers’ parents after World War II
C. Young California congressman whose investigation of
Alger Hiss spurred fears of communist influence in America
D. Oil-rich Middle Eastern nation that became an early focal
point of Soviet-American conflict
E. Originator of a massive program for the economic relief
and recovery of devastated Europe
F. American military commander in Korea fired by President
Harry Truman
G. Former vice president of the United States whose 1948
campaign as a pro-Soviet liberal split the Democratic party
H. Site of a series of controversial war-crimes trials that led to
the execution of twelve Nazi leaders
I. Wisconsin senator whose charges of communist infiltration
of the U.S. government deepened the anti-red atmosphere of
the early 1950s
J. Nation that was effectively converted from dictatorship to
democracy by the strong leadership of General Douglas
MacArthur
K. The tough leader whose violation of agreements in Eastern
Europe and Germany helped launch the Cold War
L. Southern European nation whose threatened fall to
communism in 1947 precipitated the Truman Doctrine
M. Territory deep inside the Soviet zone of Germany that was
itself divided into four zones of occupation
N. Southern segregationist who led “Dixiecrat” presidential
campaign against Truman in 1948
O. Brilliant U.S. specialist on the Soviet Union and originator
of the theory that U.S. policy should be to “contain” the
Soviet Union
IDENTIFICATION
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1. Popular name for the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, which
provided assistance to former soldiers
2. Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the U.S. that
experienced the highest rates of growth after World War II
3. New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of
mass home construction
4. Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after
World War II
5. The extended post-World War II confrontation between the United
States and the Soviet union that stopped just short of a shooting war
6. Term for the barrier that Stalin erected to block off Soviet-dominated
nations of Eastern Europe from the West
7. American-sponsored effort that provided funds for the economic
relief and recovery of Western Europe
8. The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the
long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances
9. U.S. House of Representatives committee that took the lead in
investigation alleged procommunist agents such as Alger Hiss
10. The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the
fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and
flowed during the Korean War