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Chapter 6: The Rise of
Ancient Greece
Chapter Notes
I.
Rise of the Greek Civilization
a. The Twelve Titans
b. Greece’s Geographic Setting
i. A _________________ is an area of land surrounded by water on
three sides.
ii. One fifth of Greece is good for growing crops which made the
Greeks turn to ________________ and trading.
c. Greek Beginnings
i. Minoan Civilization
1. From about 3000 to about __________ B.C., Bronze Age
people called Minoans lived on the island of
_____________.
2. Mainland Greece and other Greek islands, as well as Egypt
and _____________, traded with the Minoans, who at one
time dominated the _____________ Sea.
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3. In the middle of the 1400s B.C., ________________
(NAHS us) was destroyed, and the Minoan civilization
declined.
ii. The Mycenaeans
1. At the height of their ____________ in 1400 B.C., the
Mycenaeans controlled the Aegean Sea and parts of the
Mediterranean.
2. The Mycenaeans relied on _______________ to spread
their power.
iii. The Trojan War
1. The Trojan War was a struggle between Greece and the city
of ___________, in modern day Turkey.
2. The Trojan Horse
a. According to myth, the Greeks conquered Troy by
using a ____________ – the Trojan Horse.
b. Greek warriors hid inside a huge wooden horse.
c. Thinking it was a ___________, the Trojans
brought the horse into their city.
d. During the night the Greek warriors climbed out of
the horse and let the rest of their army into Troy,
destroying the city.
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3. Two ____________, or long story-telling poems, about the
Trojan War survive today. They are the Iliad and the
Odyssey.
a. They may have been composed by many people but
are credited to a poet called _______________.
b. Most historians agree that the Trojan War did not
happen _______________ as Homer described it.
c. Troy was destroyed by a large fire in the mid1200’s B.C., an act that some historian believe may
have been committed by __________________
from Greece.
d. The Dark Ages of Greece
i. Not long after the end of the Trojan War, civilization in Greece
collapsed.
ii. Poverty was ___________________.
iii. They were so concerned with survival that they forgot the art of
writing.
iv. These years from the early 1100s B.C to about __________ B.C.,
have been called Greece’s __________ Ages.
v. Old traditions were remembered only in the _____________ that
were told and retold.
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vi. The built structures on ___________ hills to protect them from
attack. The name for such a fortified hill was ________________,
meaning “high city.”
vii. After __________ B.C., people in Greece began writing again. It is
during this period that _____________ is believed to have
recorded in writing his epic about the Trojan War.
e. City-States Develop
i. Around _________ B.C. villages in a small area probably joined to
form a city in the shadow of an acropolis.
ii. A ______________ is not only a city, but also a separate
independent state or country.
iii. Aristocracy: Noble Rule
1. The earliest rulers of these city-states were probably
_______________ or kings who were military leaders.
2. By the end of the Greek Dark Ages, most city-states were
ruled by _______________, members of the rich and
powerful families.
iv. A New Type of Ruler
1. Gradually, military strength in the cities shifted from
aristocrats to merchants and ______________.
2. Cities were often overthrown and replaced by rulers called
________________.
3. A tyrant is a ruler that seizes power by _______________.
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f. Democracy in Greece
i. Many city-states overthrew the tyrants and adopted a form of
government called _____________________.
ii. In democracy, citizens govern themselves.
iii. About 594 B.C., a wise Athenian leader named Solon (SOH lun)
won the power to ________________ the laws.
iv. He reformed both the economy and the government of Athens.
v. Law allowed any male citizen of Athens aged 18 years or older to
have a say in __________________ important laws.
vi. To be a citizen, a man had to have an Athenian father and mother.
II.
Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts
a. Pericles
i. “Our Constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states.
We are a pattern to other cities rather than imitators. Our
constitution favors the many instead of the few. That is why it is
called a democracy. If we look at the laws, we see they give equal
justice to all… Poverty does not bar the way, if a man is able to
serve the state… In short, I say that as a city we are the school for
all of Greece.”
b. The Golden Age of Athens
i. The years from 479 BC to 431 BC are called the ____________
Age of Athens.
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ii. Tribute, or ______________ made to Athens by its Allies, added
to its wealth.
iii. Pericles
1. This well-educated, intelligent man had the __________
interests of his city at heart.
2. He was a member of an aristocratic family but supported
___________________.
3. Around 460 B.C. he became the leader of a democratic
group.
4. Most important change was to have the city pay a salary to
its officials allowing __________ citizens to hold public
office.
iv. Parthenon
1. Under Pericles’ rule, they constructed the Parthenon
between _________ and _________ B.C.
2. It was part of the reconstruction of the ______________ at
Athens.
3. The Parthenon was a temple honoring Athens protector and
patron goddess, ________________.
c. Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs
i. The Greeks worshipped a family of gods and goddesses know as
the ________________ Olympians.
ii. Gods and Goddesses
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1. The gods had human forms and many human
characteristics.
2. The gods were _________________, which meant they live
forever.
3. The ruled from Mt. Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain.
4. They also honored mythical heroes like _______________
whose great deeds were told in the Iliad.
5. To honor Zeus, the city-states came together every four
years for an Olympian ______________ and games. The
modern Olympic Games are based on this tradition.
iii. The Oracles
1. The Greeks visited _______________, sacred sites where it
was believed the gods spoke.
2. They would ask the gods advice or to _____________ the
future.
3.
Heads of state often sought advice on governing and wars
from the oracle of the god ______________ at Delphi, an
ancient town in central Greece.
d. The Search for Knowledge
i. Greek Science and Philosophy
1. Philosophers believed that people could use the powers of
the _______________ and reason to understand natural
events.
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2. Thales (THAY leez) believed that _____________ was a
basic material of the world. Everything was made from it.
3. Democritus, who lived in the 400s BC, thought that
everything was made from tiny particles he called
________________. More than 2000 years later, modern
science proved he had been correct.
ii. Socrates
1. Socrates wanted people to consider the true meaning of
qualities such as _______________ and courage.
2. “Know thyself” was his most _____________ lesson.
3. In 399 B.C. Socrates was brought to _____________.
4. He was accused of dishonoring the ___________ and
misleading youth.
5. He as sentenced to death by forced suicide. Socrates drank
a cup of hemlock, a poison, and died.
iii. Plato and Aristotle
1. Socrates death caused Plato to distrust democracy.
2. Plato wrote that society should be made up of three group.
a. Workers
b. Soldiers
c. Philosopher-rulers.
3. Aristotle believed that reason should guide the pursuit of
______________________.
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e. Visual and Dramatic Arts
i. The Parthenon
1. The builders of the Acropolis brought Greek architecture to
its ____________ point.
2. The temple was made of fine _____________.
3. Rows of columns surrounded it on all four sides. Within
the columns was a room that held the statue of
____________, made of wood, ivory and gold.
ii. Dramas
1. Athenians were the first people known to write dramas.
2. Among the cities greatest achievements were the plays
written and produced in the __________ B.C., during the
Golden Age.
3. A _____________ is a serious story that usually ends in
disaster for the main character.
4. A Greek tragedy consisted of several _____________ that
featured the characters of the story.
5. Between scenes, a _____________ chanted or sang poems.
In most plays, the author used the chorus to give
background information, comment on the events, or praise
the gods.
iii. Comedies
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1. During the 400s B.C. in Athens, poets wrote
______________ that made fun of well-known citizen and
politicians and also made jokes about the customs of the
day.
f. Many City-States, One People
i. The citizens of Greek city-states such as Athens had strong
__________________ feelings and valued their freedoms.
ii. The first recorded Olympics were held in _________ B.C. Other
Olympic Games were held fairly regularly over the next thousand
years.
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