Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
(09th June 2011)
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
TAXILA - PAKISTAN
2011
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
WORKSHOP PATRON & CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abbas Choudhary
Vice Chancellor
UET Taxila
WORKSHOP CHIEF ORGANIZER
Prof. Khawaja Sajid Bashir
Chairman
Department Mechanical Engineering
UET Taxila
WORKSHOP COORDINATOR
Prof. Dr. Shahab Khushnood
Dean
Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering
UET Taxila
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS
Dr. Riffat Asim Pasha
Dr. Masud ur Rehman Shah
Dr. Muhammad Shehryar
Dr. Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh
Engr. Amir Sultan
Engr. Kashif Iqbal
Engr. Muhammad Ali Nasir
Engr. Abdul Mobeen
Engr. Nazeer Ahmed Anjum
Engr. Abid Hussain
WORKSHOP SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Hussain Sahir
UET, Taxila
Prof. Rafi Javed Qureshi
UET, Taxila
Prof. Dr. Hashim Nisar Hashmi
UET, Taxila
Prof. Dr. Arshad Hussain Qureshi
U.E.T, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus)
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abid
GIKI, Topi
Dr. M. Afzal Khan
HITECH, Taxila
Prof. Muhammad Anwar Khan
UET, Taxila
Prof. Dr. Mumtaz A. Kamal
UET, Taxila
Dr. M. Zubair Khan
AWC, Hassanabdal
Prof. Dr. F. Ahmad Khalid
GIKI, Topi
Dr. Asim Fasih
NINVAST, NCP, Islamabad
Dr. Shaiq Aman ul Haq
University of Wah, Wah Cantt.
WORKSHOP SUPPORTING STAFF
Zahid Iqbal
UET, Taxila
Abdullah Jahangir
UET, Taxila
Rana Abdul Shakoor
UET, Taxila
Muhammad Javed
UET, Taxila
Sagheer Ahmed
UET, Taxila
Riffat Iqbal Nadeem
UET, Taxila
Zahid Rashid Gondal
UET, Taxila
Muhammad Shafique
UET, Taxila
Sunil Munir
UET, Taxila
Farhat ul Hassnain
UET, Taxila
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

WORKSHOP RESOURCE PERSONS

Brig. Dr. Zaffar Muhammad Khan
(AWC/UET, Taxila)

Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan
(SCME, NUST, Islamabad)

Prof. Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
(HITEC University)

Dr Rizwan Saeed Choudhry
(EME, NUST, Rawalpindi)

Dr. Asim Shahzad
(KRL, Kahuta)

Dr. Saad Nauman

Dr. Laraib Alam Khan
(Université de Science et Technologies de
Lille 1, France)
(AWC, Hassanabdal)



Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry
Engr. Muhammad Ali
Engr. Maj. Athar Hameed
(UET, Taxila)
(UET, Taxila)
(Attock Workshops, Rawalpindi)
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
SPONSORS
 University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila.
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
MESSAGE
From
WORKSHOP PATRON & CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abbas Choudhary
Vice Chancellor
UET Taxila
I am pleased to congratulate Faculty of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering for
organizing this one day workshop on “COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN
ENGINEERING APPLICANTIONS” at a very short notice and the efforts of Dr.
Shahab Khushnood and his very able colleagues are commendable. I am also very
thankful to the resource persons from AWC, KRL, College of EME NUST, GIKI and
other institutions and participants of this conference.
We can very safely say that the use of composites is as old as the use of wood - a natural
composite and certainly since 1903 when Wright brothers used wood and fiber in their
first aircraft. I am sure our distinguished resource persons and speakers will also come up
with number of ‘historic uses of composite materials’ and much foresighted future
applications. Certainly, there has been a great progress in materials engineering since the
Stone Age but an accelerated progress in composite materials because of the availability
to advanced tools and techniques and an ever expanding menu of engineering
applications of composites. No nation can afford to ignore this very important field of
academic, research and thus economic activity which expands from auto industry to fire
fighting to aerospace to military, sports, surgical, construction and textiles.
Unfortunately, as usual we are neither the first beneficiaries’ of the scientific and
innovative progress in materials engineering not established players in education and
research in this very important field. The composite materials engineering including
metallic, non-metallic, ceramic, and polymers had become major area of academic and
research endeavor around the world and the application menu is increasing at a
phenomenal rate. The reduction in weight, size, space and functionality in extreme
temperatures and pressures yet increase in strength and durability has given rise to novel
applications. We can have much higher windmill masts and longer blades to benefits
better air velocities and much smaller robots to enhance their maneuverability. The
composite materials have shown manifold increase in tolerance for fatigue and damage in
primary structures of the aerial vehicles. The need for research and development and
expertise in studying the composite properties has not decreased as more and more
demanding applications are emerging which warrant renewed size, strength, space and
safety matrices and somebody ought to be their to resolve these very critical ‘structural
knots’ without any compromise on reliability, maintainability and structural stability.
The efforts of those people who had the foresight that the composite materials can be far
stronger and lighter and safe in their utility than the original materials from which they
were formed are laudable and so will be the efforts of those who are contemplating on
“COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN ENGINEERING APPLICANTIONS”.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
PARTICIPATING
ORGANIZATIONS & INSTITUTIONS
NESCOM, Islamabad
Air Weapons Complex, AWC
Pakistan Ordnance Factories, Wah Cantt
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra
Attock Refinery, Attock
Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila
Heavy Industries, Taxila
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission of Pakistan
OGDCL, Islamabad
Dr. A.Q Khan Research Laboratories
NUST, Islamabad
GIKI, Topi
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
NINVAST, Islamabad
University of Wah, Wah Cantt
HITEC University, Taxila
Islamic International University, Islamabad
Air University, Islamabad
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
CONTENTS
Title
Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Composite Materials
by Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Multifuctional Polymer Nanocomposite Design and Applications
by Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Fabrication and Thermal Investigation of Ablative Nano Composites
by Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan and Nadeem Iqbal
Modelling and Simulation of Composite Material Behaviour
by Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
Design, Analysis and Modeling of Composites Structures
by Dr. Rizwan S Choudhry
Properties and Applications of Natural Fibre Composites
by Dr. Asim Shahzad
Structural Health Monitoring of Woven Composites
by Dr. Saad Nauman
Quickstep Processing of Polymeric Composites - A Review
by Dr. Laraib Alam Khan, Richard Day and Zaffar Khan
Application of Nano-Composite Materials in Outdoor High Voltage
Insulators
by Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Choduhry and Muhammad Ali
Failure of Composite Materials
by Engr. Athar Hameed
Page Number
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
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UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
ABSTRACT
From the fabrication of tennis rackets to racing cars and human prosthetics to supersonic
aircrafts, composite materials have become an integral part of the emerging technologies.
The production of composite materials is presently growing at a rate of about 30% per
year and is poised for more than 40 – 50% during this century; that is the sort of growth
enjoyed by steel industry during period of industrial revolution. We are currently in the
middle of another revolution in material sciences…. A transition from metal to nonmetal
age.
Stringent aerodynamic requirements of next generation aeronautical and space systems
dictate development of composite materials for their structures that are stronger than steel
yet lighter than aluminum. The development of composite structures involves integrated
design and manufacturing considerations through concurrent engineering. The concurrent
design imply that the materials qualification, design considerations, manufacturing
process and mechanical testing must be carried out simultaneously in an integrated
manner for cost effective composite product development.
This paper examines the state of the composite science and technology in aerospace
industry with specific reference to the existing practices, lesson learnt and assessment of
advanced technologies under development. This paper carries out evaluation of the
design and manufacturing strategies for large composite structures with the quest to
minimize the gross take off weight. It evaluates the future technology challenges
associated with the application of composite materials to the primary structure of
advanced aerospace vehicles.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
MULTIFUCTIONAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE DESIGN AND
APPLICATIONS
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
ABSTRACT
The development of nanostructured materials have opened a new paradigm whereby the
reinforcement and matrix resin can be tailored to optimize the structural properties of
resulting composites manifold. The potentials and applications of this revolutionary class
of nano materials promise a significant opportunity for improving composites mechanical
and physical properties. This has led to emergence of new frontiers in aerospace
structures focusing on multi fictionalized nanocomposites. Successes in this field have
sprawled the subsequent attempts to emulate biological, biomimetic and smart materials.
Commercial exploitation of nano carbon fibers will make space travel routine and enable
space exploration far beyond the existing limits.
This paper reviews the latest developments in the area of nanocomposites with reference
to nano clay, nanofibers and nanotubes. The classification, characterization and
applications of various types of nanocomposites have been discussed with respect to
aerospace industry. It will focus on structural applications forms that can sense and
respond to changes in environmental conditions, flight missions and structural health,
ultimately enhancing the performance characteristics and mission survivability of next
generation aerospace vehicles.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Tel: +92 323 955 6883,
Email: zaffark@yahoo.com
Resource Person Profile
EDUCATION:
Postdoctoral Research: Effect of compression strength on layer waviness defect in carbonepoxy composite materials.
Duration/
Aug 1995 – Jan 1997/ Professor Dan O’ Adams, www.iastate.edu.
Advisor
College/
Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Iowa
University:
State University (ISU) , Ames, Iowa
● PhD in Mechanical Engineering, Drilling in Carbon-Epoxy Composites for British
Aerospace as part of Euro Fighter Program.
Duration/
Oct 1988 – Sep 1991/ Professors Ben Mills and Alan Redford.
Advisor:
College/
Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Engineering, Salford
University:
University, Manchester, www.salford.ac.uk
● MS in Aerospace Engineering focusing on Structures, Mechanics and Composites.
Duration/
Aug 1986 – May 1988/ Professor Walter J. Horn.
Advisor:
College /
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Wichita State University, Kansa
University:
27208, USA, www.wichita.edu
● B. Eng in Aerospace Engineering covering structures, materials, aerodynamics,
propulsion, thermodynamics, stability and controls.
Duration/
May 1975 – Jan 1979/ Professor Professor S. T. Ali (The Late) and
Advisor
Khalid Perviaz.
College /
Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Aeronautical
University:
Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur,
Pakistan in collaboration with US Air Force Institute of Technology
(AFIT), Ohio.
● On-the-Job Training about Helicopter Overhaul, Structural Repair and Flight Testing
Duration:
Nov 1983 – Jan 1984
College /
Eurocopter Training Services, Marignane, France,
University:
www.eurocoptertrainingservices.com
PROFESSIONAL COURSES ATTENDED:
 Composite Design Workshop, Stanford University Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sep 21 –
Oct 2, 2009
 Nanopolymers and Composite Design, SAMPE Conference Tutorials, Long Beach,
California, USA., May 2006 and May 2003.
 Light RTM Close Mold Technology at Composite Manufacturing Technology Center,
Cornwell, PL18 9AT, UK, Dec. 2004.
 Optic Fiber Sensors & Smart Structures , Portland University, Oregon, as part of NSF
faculty enhancement program Jul. 1996
 Distributed Computer Systems at National University of Sciences & Technology
Organized by Tokyo Institute of Tech., Jan 2001.
 Industrial Composites, International Center for Science and High Technology, Trieste,
Italy, Dec. 1995.
WORK EXPERIENCE:
Organization
Position / Rank
From To
Teaching & Research
Experiences
*Advanced Engineering
Founding Director:
Nov. Present Product Development:
Research Organisation,
Advanced
2001
All
Composite
Wah Cantt.
Composites Research
aerospace, automotive
Center & Adjunct/
vehicles and ballistic
Visiting Professor:
armor protection from
Materials and
polymeric composites
Mechanics
and nomax sandwich.
Teaching: Advanced
Composites,
Structural
Design,
Solid
Mechanics,
Stress Analysis, FEM.
Department of
Mechanical Engineering,
College of Electrical &
Mechanical Engineering,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
School of Chemical and
Materials Engineering,
National University of
Science &Technology
(NUST)*, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan.
Assist/ Assoc. Prof.
Founder Head of
Dept.
Jan
1992
Jan
1997
Dean of Engineering
Visiting Professor
Feb
1997
Nov
2001
Aug
1995
Teaching: Advanced
materials, composite
design
&
Feb
manufacturing,
1997
structural/
solid
mechanics,
Nov.
mechanical vibrations.
2001
Research:
CNT
reinforced
carbon/
Present epoxy
Composites,
EM properties of
glass/
epoxy
composites, Polymer
Nanocomposites
&
ballistic protection of
humans and vehicles.
Services:
Collaborative program
in
Aerospace
Engineering between
ISU & NUST






TECHNICAL SKILLS AND INTERESTS:
 Design, development and processing of carbon fiber composite materials using autoclave
and non autoclave techniques.
 Characterization, material selection and mechanical testing of engineering materials
according to ASTM standards.
 Structure-property of advanced materials using analytical, experimental and
computational techniques
 Fractographic investigation and micro structural analysis of advanced materials using
SEM, atomic force and optical microscopy.
 Fiber optic sensors for on-line health monitoring of composite structures
 Ballistic protection of aerospace vehicles and human body using Kevlar, polyethylene
fibers reinforced composites and ceramics.
 Nanopolymers, smart materials and multifunctional adaptive structures.
HONORS/ AWARDS/ FELLOWSHIPS:
Fulbright Award by Education
Postdoctoral Research Award, 1995 – 97
Foundation.
IDB Research Award by
Postdoctoral Research Award, 1996-97
Saudi Development Bank.
Blackburn Award by Royal
PhD Research Award, 1989-91
Aeronautical Society UK
Ministry of Science and
Science and Technology Research Scholarship, 1986-91
Technology, Pakistan
Thomas Jefferson Memorial
Jefferson Award, 1986 – 88
Award by USAID
Merit
Scholarships
for
Academic Merit Scholarships, 1969 – 74
securing top positions
INDUSTRIALS R&D GRANTS:
 Attracted industrial grants for development of structural components of all composite
UAVs, composite structural members such as wings, canard, air intake, nose cone,
horizontal and vertical stabilizer, and fuselage for aerospace vehicles from carbon fiber
composites using vacuum assisted processes and development of ballistic body & vehicle
armor (Total value: approx: US$ 6 million).
MAJOR ACHIEVMENTS:
 Founder Head of Mechanical Engineering Department NUST and updated syllabus &
initiated industrial research.
 Founder Director, Advanced Composites Research Center for development of structural
components from composite materials.
 Initiated academic collaborative program of NUST with Iowa State University in
aerospace and mechanical engineering.
 Organized 6 international and national workshops about ‘Industrial Composites Design
and Applications’ in collaboration with
South East Asian countries and DuPont at
NUST. Presently organizing Advanced Materials Track, IBCAST, www.ibcast.org.pk
 50 publications in technical journals, conference proceedings and has made more than
200 presentations about composites.
MEMBERSHIPS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
 Senior Member: American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (Membership #:
037370)
 Member: Society for Advancement of Material & Process Engineering (SAMPE), USA
 Honorary Member: Canadian Association for Composite Structure and Materials
(CACSMA)
 Life Member: The Royal Aeronautical Society (Pakistan Branch), UK (MRAeS).
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
1*. Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Kevlar-Epoxy Composite by Improving the
Interface Coupling, M. B. Khan, S. Hussain, R. Hussain and Z. M. Khan, J. of Composite
Materials, July 2010, Accepted.
2*. Complex Optical Filter Prepared by Sputtering Deposition, M. H. Asghar, M. Shoaib, Z.
M. Khan, F. Placido, S. Naseem and M. Mohammad, Euro. Phys. J. Applied Phys., 49,
20501 (2010), p1-p6.
3*. Surface Peening Morphology Evaluation in Anodized Aluminium Allloy Rotors, M. B.
Khan, T. Iqbal, Z. M. Khan, Proceedings Vol 1, Materials Processing and Properties, TMS
Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Washington, Seattle, Feb 14, 2010, p 673-680.
4*. Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Modeling of Composites Sandwich
Structures, M. A. Iqbal, Z. M. Khan, M. B. Khan, 2009 Interdisciplinary Conference on
Chemical, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Melbourne, Australia, USBN: 978-09806811-0-9, p352-364.
5*. Innovative Development of High Performance Wings from Carbon Fiber Composite
Materials. Z. M. Khan and U. Saeed. International Bhurban Conference on Science &
Technology. Jan 11-14, 2010. ISBN 978-969-8741-06-8.
6*. Prospects, Potentials and Applications of Nanopolymer Composites in Next
Generation Aerospace Structures, ASEAN-Pakistan Conference on Materials Science,
Islamabad, Conference Proceedings, 15-16 Dec, 2008
7*. Development of On-Line Condition Monitoring System in Composite Structures using
Fiber Optic Sensors, ASEAN-Pakistan Conference on Materials Science, Islamabad,
Conference Proceedings, 15-16 Dec, 2008
8.NANOCOMPOSITES – New Opportunities for Next Generation Aerospace Systems,
Proc. 10th National Aeronautical Conference, Risalpur, Pakistan, 20-21 April 2006
9*. Design and Development of Optic Fiber Smart Structure in Aerospace Vehicles, Proc,
3rd International Congress on Aeronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, Sep. 8th - 13th,
2002.
10*. Fiber Optic Sensor for Assessing Layer Waviness in Smart Structures, Conference
Proceedings, 3rd Canadian International Composite Conference, ISBN No. 1-58716-114-1,
Montreal, Canada, Aug 21-24, 2001, pp 794-801.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
FABRICATION AND THERMAL INVESTIGATION OF ABLATIVE
NANO COMPOSITES
Nadeem Iqbal* and Dr. M.B. Khan**
*HEC PhD Scholar
**School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
ABSTRACT
Ablatives are endothermic sacrificial heat shield materials used as thermal barriers to
protect the surrounding hardware from ultrahigh temperatures shear flows in the
propulsion/reentry systems. These composites are fabricated by either reactive injection
molding (isotropic composites) or resin impregnation stacking (mat reinforcement)
techniques. This paper investigates the ablation and thermal performance of advanced
ultra high temperature EPDM ablatives using Plasma and Oxyacetylene torches. The
chemistry involved in the synthesis of ablative composites samples is based on the host
polymer matrix EPDM containing chopped whisker ceramic, glass fiber, nano silica,
aromatic fluid and other additives. These specimens are examined following exposure to
the flames having average temperature range between 3000oC to 15000oC for a specified
duration. Both planer and tabular specimens were tested to investigate the linear/radial
erosion rates and back face/radial face temperature profiles for the head-on impingement
(HOI) and parallel flow (PF) configurations.
Ablation resistance, back face temperature profiles, specific heat, thermal diffusivity/
thermal conductivity and thermal inertia profiles of the Ablative Composites BN5 (HOI)/
(PF) are investigated. The excellent ablation rate (0.2mm/s)/(0.015mm/s) of BN5 against
the plasma/oxyacetylene flame in case of head-on impingement coupled with negative
enthalpy, high Cp, low k, and high thermal inertia demonstrates ultra high thermal
performance. SEM of the residual surface morphology (RSM) of irradiated specimens
revealed that the ablation is a function of both the resin and reinforcement type. Finally
endurance to shock waves in the context of nanopolymer structure is specifically
addressed through computer simulation as well as blast tests.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan
Tel: +92 51 908 55100,
Email: bilalkhan-ccems@nust.edu.pk
Resource Person Profile
Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan comes from a business family with industrial background,
having served as Director of Prime Glass which enjoys the unique honor of
manufacturing the 27 feet circumference glass dome that crowns the Monument of
Pakistan at Lahore. After completing his Engineering degree at PU Lahore, he obtained
MS from University of Arizona, DIC/Ph.D from Imperial College London and Post Doc
from Princeton University USA. He served as a consultant to the US Department of
Energy project on Syn. Fuels. He worked across four continents on diverse projects
ranging from Energy Systems Engineering to Machine Design to high performance
Composites. He is the founding Dean and Director Projects at SCME NUST where he
established Post Graduate Institutions in the unique areas of Energetic Materials
Engineering and Surface Engineering. Dr. Khan has been actively involved in advanced
research in the areas of Alternate / Renewable Energy, Aerospace Materials, Interface
Engineering and Nanocomposites / Photonic - Optoelectronics. He has over 90
publications in archival journals of international repute with several keynote / invited
contributions in International Conferences and Symposia. Dr. Khan is refree for several
international juornals including polymer composites, compsites: part b, journal for
mechenical engineering, journal of propulsion and power, nucleus, polymer engineering
science, macromolecules, journal of advanced materials etc. He has been recently invited
to join the Editorial Board of the distinguished US Journal of Energy and Power. He has
authored four books printed by eminent US Publishers. Dr. Khan has 6 Patents to his
credit as a result of breakthrough technologies in Syn. Fuel, Biofuel, Nanocomposites,
Reactive Processing, Interface Structures and Specialty Polymers and Fibers. He serves
on the experts review committee of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and
the Board of Governers at RIU. He received the UK ORS Award and the President's
Medal for Technology.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL
BEHAVIOUR
Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
ABSTRACT
Increased utilization of composite materials in the design of large variety of structures
has led to increase research activity in the mechanical characterization, structural
modelling, failure, and damage assessment of composite materials. Because the solution
of the three-dimensional linear problem with general boundary conditions involves
considerable mathematical difficulties, in recent years some bi-dimensional linear
theories including transverse shear stresses for multi-layered plates and shell are
developed. The approach generally uses a variational principle more often conjunction
with an assumed displacement field. Integration with respect to the thickness co-ordinate
supplies the governing differential equations consistent boundary conditions in terms of
unknown generalized displacements, which are independent of thickness co-ordinate.
This work presents a new multi-layered laminated composite structure model to predict
the mechanical behavior of multi-layered laminated composite structures. This new
multi-layered structure model describes the shear stress distribution model through the
thickness respecting free boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces by an
exponential function. This model has the same order of complexity as Touratier’s model
‘Sine’, so there a shear correction factor is not required like the in first order shear
deformation theory. This theory is based on the kinematic approach in which the shearing
is represented by an exponential function. The virtual power principal is used to deduce
the boundary value problem. To verify the precision of the present model, several
significant problems on bending, vibration and buckling of laminated and sandwich
structures have been studied. The results by the present model are compared with the
exact three dimensional elasticity theories and with several other well-known theories.
The proposed model is found to be more precise for analyzing multi-layered structures
This present work also include the development of an object oriented software for finite
element analysis of composite material structures on the basis of this new model to
consider the better effect of the transverse shear stresses.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Kamran S. AFAQ
Tel.: +92 323 557 7707
+92 300 982 3882
Email: mechware@g mail.com
Resource Person Profile
\





SPECILIZATION
Composite Material Structures, Analysis/Design/Testing
Finite Element Analysis/Modelling
EDUCATION
Ph.D. (University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, France)
2000-2003
(ENI Tarbes, LGP, CMAO, M2SF)
Specialization: Mechanical Engineering (FEA, Composite Material Structures)
DEA (M.S.) (University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, France) 1999-2000
(ENI Tarbes, LGP, CMAO, M2SF)
Specialization: Mechanical Engineering (Composite Material Structures)
B.E. (NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan) 1987-1992
Mechanical Engineering (Computer Aided Design)
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
1. HITEC University, Taxilla, Pakistan. (www.hitecuni.edu.pk) (Chair, Professor)
2009-till date
2. KICSIT, Rawalpindi Pakistan.
(Visiting Professor)
2006-2009
3. National School of Engineers, Tarbes, France. (www.enit.fr) (Lecturer)
2002-2004
\
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

R&D Section, Government of Pakistan.
(R&D G. Manager)
1994- 2009

BRZ Engineering & Consultant, Pakistan. (Project Engineer)
PUBLICATIONS
1992-1994
2009 “A new theory for laminated composite plates”, KARAMA Moussa, AFAQ
Kamran Sheikh, MISTOU Sébastien, Proc. IMechE, Part L: J. Materials: Design and
Applications, DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA189, p223, Ed. Professional, ISSN
1464-4207.
2008 “A refinement of Ambartsumian multilayer beam theory”, KARAMA Moussa,
AFAQ Kamran Sheikh, MISTOU Sébastien Computers and Structures, Vol. 86/9,
p839-849, Ed. Elsevier, ISSN: 0045-7949.
2007 “Mechanical Behaviour of Laminated Composite Beam at the Interfaces of
Layers by a new Exponential Model”, KARAMA Moussa, AFAQ Kamran Sheikh,
MISTOU Sébastien, Science and Engineering of Composite Materials Journal Vol.
14, N°2 p149-170 Ed. Freund, ISSN 0334-181X
2006 “A new model to predict the behavior at the interfaces of multilayer structures”
KARAMA Moussa, AFAQ Kamran Sheikh, MISTOU Sébastien Journal of
Mechanics of Materials and Structures vol. 1, no. 6 p957-977 Ed. Mathematical,
ISSN 1559-3959
2003 "Mechanical Behaviour of laminated composite beam by the new multi-layered
laminated composite structures model with transverse shear stress continuity". M.
Karama, Kamran S. Afaq, S. Mistou. International Journal of Solids and Structures,
Vol (40), pp 1525-1546, 2003
2002“A New Approach for the Mechanical Behaviour of the Materials having
different Moduli in Tension and Compression". M. Karama, Kamran S. Afaq, S.
Mistou. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, Vol 10 (2), pp 99-111,
2002
CONFERENCES/ PROCEEDINGS/SYMPOSIUMS
 2006 “A new model for the behavior of the multi-layer material at interfaces”, III
European Conference on Computational Mechanics, Solids, Structures and Coupled
Problems in Engineering.
 2005 "A new refined finite element model for laminated structures". Kamran S.
Afaq, MISTOU Sébastien, KARAMA Moussa., JNC15, Volume 2, p613-621, Ed.
AMAC, ISBN 2-95051176-7.
 "Relaibility study of composite plate under biaxial loading". KARAMA Moussa,
DEHMOUS Hocine, AÎT TAHAR Kamel, Kamran S. Afaq, MASRI Tahar. 17ème
Congrès Français de Mécanique, N°419, Session C14, pCD, Ed. AFM.
 "A new shear function for non-summetric composite plates". KARAMA Moussa,
COSTACHE Silviu, Kamran S. Afaq, MISTOU Sébastien. 7ème Congrès de
Mécanique, V1, p357-358, Ed. CNRST.
 "Eexperimental and numerical simulation for static behavior of sandwich beams".
Kamran S. Afaq and M. Khawar Farooq., International Symposium on Advance
Materials, Islamabad, Pakistan.
 2004“Development of a Finite Element Analysis software for composite materials
structures based on a new exponential model in order to incorporate the effect of
transverse shear stresses”, 11th European Conference on Composite Materials,
C004, Modelling-8, pCD, Ed. ESCM.
 2003 “Un nouveau modèle raffiné pour les structures multicouches”, JNC14,
Volume1, p283-292, Ed. AMAC, ISBN :2-9505117-5-9
 2001 “A new approach for the mechanical behaviour of the materials having
different moduli in tension and compression”, SAMPE EUROPE, Paris 2001.
DIVERSE
Professional Affiliations
SAMPE (Society for Advancement of Materials and Processing Engineering), USA.
AMAC (Association pour les Matériaux Composites), France
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF COMPOSITES
STRUCTURES
Dr. Rizwan S Choudhry
ABSTRACT
Owing to their heterogeneous and anisotropic nature, design and analysis of composite
materials present a host of challenges that were not in front of the designers designing
products made from isotropic metallic materials. In fact majority engineering graduates
of our country who mainly study about traditional materials in their curriculums are, to
say the least, ill equipped to handle these challenges. A recent country wide survey
(which is currently under progress) on the status and challenges composites industry in
Pakistan has clearly revealed that the value addition (in economic terms) which is
possible through the use of composites is not being realised by the industry. The real
reason for this is that industry feels incapable and unwilling to move into the high value
and/or high volume markets such as pressure vessels (for example CNG cylinders),
aerospace parts, body and vehicular armour and wind turbines etc due to lack of design
knowledge, manufacturing capabilities and testing know how. As far as manufacturing
capability is concerned it can be acquired on turn-key basis if the capital is available;
however the lack of original business ideas due to the lack of required knowledge about
design and optimum use of these materials is barrier that can only be overcome only
through original indigenous research in the field. Even when the primary focus is not
very high value products; by subtle design changes significant value addition can be often
be realized.
Designing for the composites require a change in philosophy, the designer is no longer
selecting material for an application he is in fact creating one. In the same way rather
than meeting the design requirements by structural or load path optimization alone; the
designer can actually tailor materials properties to achieve certain load paths. As a simple
example consider a filament wound composite cylinder; with proper selection of winding
angles the load paths can be adjusted as per requirement. For example a simple stress
analysis will show that the optimum winding angle for a cylinder with the requirement of
equal hoop and axial stresses is 54.7o. Winding at this angle results in significant weight
savings. Similarly if the cylinder needs to offer significant impact resistance than winding
in a cross-ply manner or a braided outer covering can produce the desired results.
Analysing the effect of such design changes through experimentation can be costly and
time consuming, thus proper numerical models need to be built and analytical
formulations need to be evolved to help in making these design calculations. The
calculations for even the simplest structures made from composites are complicated due
to their anisotropic and heterogeneous nature and can become prohibitively long for hand
calculations; hence computer codes must be used.
FEA software (such as ABAQUS or ANSYS) can be used to generate reliable models for
the pre-failure response of composites however the basis of idealisations used to model
the structure must be well understood. Particular attention needs to be paid to the
correctness of input data because for FE models of composites, the data is often not found
in hand books and hence either a micromechanics approach or mechanical testing
approach must be followed to generate the input data required for simulations; this can be
expensive and challenging. The biggest challenge that has baffled the composites design
industry for long is modeling failure initiation and the post failure response (damage
progression). This is a subject of continual debate with over fifty failure criteria or
theories to choose from. Extensive experimentation is still often required to validate the
results of such simulations and non destructive testing with building block approach is
considered to be the preferred route for such design problems.
In this talk all these topics related with modeling and designing of composites will be
touched upon. Due to the very broad scope of this topic the emphasis here will be limited
to highlighting through examples the various methodologies and strategies that can be
adopted successfully and the pitfalls that must be avoided to properly implement these
approaches.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Rizwan Saeed Choudhry
Tel: +92 51 925 9038
Email: rizwan.choudhry@gmail.com
Resource Person Profile
CURRENT AFFILIATION
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Of E&Me, National University of
Sciences And Technology, Nust From Dec 2009 To Present
INTERNATIONAL GRANTS
British Council - DelPHE Project titled "Capacity building for enhancing R&D in Design,
Manufacturing, Testing and Certification of Composites" Sep 2010 - Sep 2013
HIGHER EDUCATION
PhD - Characterisation and modelling of impact damage in
2004 – 2009
bonded joints of woven fibre polymeric composites
The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
▪
2003 – 2004
Funded by NUST and EPS scholarship
MS Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Systems Management
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST),
United Kingdom
▪
2002 – 2003
Passed with distinction in MSc dissertation
Postgraduate Diploma Mechanical Engineering
National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Pakistan
▪
1999 – 2002
Sent on scholarship by NUST to UMIST on 19th September 2003.
BE Mechanical Engineering
National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Pakistan
▪
Completion date May 2002
BOOKS EDITED
Proceedings of International Conference on Energy systems Engineering - ICESE-2010, ISBN
978-969-8535-07-0, Publisher NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS / CONFERENCE SPEAKER
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Characterization of impact induced damage modes in
composites using X-ray microtomography, ICCM 17, 17th International Conference on
Composite Materials, 27-31 Jul 2009, Edinburgh, UK
▪
P. Potluri, R Choudhry, T Sharif, D Jetavat, A Aktas, P Hogg, Bench marking of 3D
performing strategies, ICCM 17, 17th International Conference on Composite Materials, 27-31
Jul 2009, Edinburgh, UK
▪
R. S. Choudhry, P. Hogg, X Ray Tomography – A Powerful NDT Technique for Assessing
Structural Parts, 9th Annual Conference: Innovation in Composites, 29th – 30th April 2009,
Manchester Conference Centre, UK
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Modelling failure and damage growth in lap joints of woven
GFRP composites – A comparison of failure modes, DFC-10, 10th Deformation and Fracture of
Composites Conference, 15th – 17th April 2009, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, UK
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Impact induced damage in Quickstep cured lap joints of woven
fibre reinforced composites, ICMAC 2009, International Conference for Manufacturing of
Advanced Composites, 18-19 March 2009, Belfast Waterfront, UK
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Failure Analysis of Composites and Lap Joints of Composites,
PGR-MACE 09, Postgraduate Research Conference, The University of Manchester, 11th June
2009, pp 8-9.
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Impact Damage in Bonded Joints of Woven Composites,
NWCC Annual Conference, 26th January 2009, Manchester, UK.
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Modelling and Characterization of impact damage, NDT.net The e-Journal of Non-destructive Testing - ISSN: 1435-4934 February 2007 , Volume 12, No.2
▪
R. S. Choudhry, R. Day, S. Li, Modelling and Characterization of impact damage for
Quickstep cured single lap joints, MACE Research Showcase, 21 Feb 2007, Manchester, UK
(both a poster and oral presentation) - The presentation won 1st prize.
CONFERENCES (ATTENDENCE AS DELEGATE) AND COURSES
16 September 2009
London - United Kingdom
Next-Generation Body Armour
Organiser: IMECHE - Institute of Mechanical Engineering
11 December 2008
London - United Kingdom
British Excellence in Composite
Materials
Organiser: IOM - The Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining
25 February 2005
LS-DYNA Introductory Training
Course
Organiser ARUP
Birmingham - United Kingdom
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL FIBRE
COMPOSITES
Dr Asim Shahzad
ABSTRACT
Increase in environmental awareness over the last couple of decades has resulted in a
renewed interest in natural materials, and issues such as sustainability, recyclability and
environmental safety are becoming increasingly important. This has necessitated the
introduction of new materials and products based on natural materials. These
environmental issues have resulted in considerable interest in the development of new
composite materials based on biodegradable resources, such as natural fibres, as low-cost
and environment-friendly alternative for synthetic fibres. Hemp, sisal and flax are some
examples of the natural fibres being used in composite materials. Synthetic polymers
have been conventionally used as matrices in composite materials which are not ecofriendly. Now new matrix materials are also being developed, based on natural and
renewable resources, for the development of ‘green’ biocomposites. Polyactic acid, soy
oil, and lignophenolic resins are some examples of such biodegradable matrix materials.
Interior automobile parts (headrests, seat backs, armrests, door panels, front and rear
panels, trunk liners, headliners, etc.) are the primary market for natural fibre composites,
which are expected to continue rapid market penetration. Further applications are
becoming evident in the building, construction and sports industry and beyond. Global
natural fibre composites market reached $2.1B in 2010, with compound annual growth
rate of 15% in last five years. By 2016, natural fibre composite market is expected to
reach $ 3.8B. Rising prices of petroleum based products, strong government support to
eco-friendly products, higher acceptance and positive growth of end use industries, new
housing numbers will drive natural fibre composites growth to new horizons.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Asim Shahzad
Tel: +92 313 821 1182
E-mail: mr_asim_shahzad@yahoo.com
Resource Person Profile
Education
2005-2009
PhD: “Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Composites”
University of Wales, Swansea, UK
1992-1995
B.Eng. (Hons.), Mechanical Engineering
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Book
Impact and Fatigue Properties of Natural Fibre Composites, published by
VDM Verlag, Germany, 2010.
Research Papers
Conference Papers:
 “Fatigue Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites”, 17th International
Conference on Composite Materials, July 2009, Edinburgh, UK
 “Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites”, 3rd Symposium on
Engineering Sciences, March, 2010, University of the Punjab, Lahore
 “Hemp Fibre Composites”, CompositesUK Conference, May 2010,
Birmingham, UK
 “Environmental Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites”, 2nd International
Conference on Natural Polymers and Biomaterials, September 24, 25 & 26,
2010, Kottayam, Kerala , India
 “Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites”, 7th Asian-Australasian
Conference on Composite Materials, November 15-18, 2010, Taipei, Taiwan
Journal Papers:
 “Hemp Fibre Composites”, Viamarebysea, Italy, September-October 2010
 “Hemp Fibre and its Composites – A Review”, Accepted, Journal of
Composite Materials
 “A Study in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibres”; Submitted,
Journal of Natural Fibers
 “Fatigue Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites”, Submitted, Journal of
Materials Science and Engineering, USA
 “Mechanical
Properties
of
Hemp
Fibre Composites", Submitted, Journal of Faculty of Engineering &
Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF WOVEN
COMPOSITES
Dr. Saad Nauman
ABSTRACT
High performance composites with woven reinforcements have found wide applications
in various industrial areas such as aerospace, aircraft, automobile, civil engineering etc.
Among other factors, reinforcement characteristics profoundly influence the mechanical
properties of composites. For the manufacture of laminated composites, 2D woven
reinforcements are mostly employed when better mechanical properties are required in
two dimensions (warp and weft directions). The crimp and fiber volume fractions can be
adjusted in warp and weft directions so as to design the reinforcement according to the
stress-strain conditions. These so called 2D reinforcements offer certain important
advantages as easy and rapid production using conventional weaving technology and
good in plain properties. Most important drawbacks are complicated and lengthy lay-up
process and poor through the thickness properties due to absence of through the thickness
binding giving rise to delamination. A class of woven reinforcements specially designed
to address these problems is 3D interlocks. 3D interlock reinforcement based composites
offer some very important advantages such as lack of inter ply delamination due to the
presence of through-the-thickness or inter layer (layer-to-layer) reinforcing yarns/tows
and easy and rapid composite manufacturing process as complicated cutting and lay-up
process is eliminated. But at the same time some of the in-plane properties are
compromised. Thus, the mechanical properties and the mode of rupture in 2D laminate
based and 3D interlock based composites are essentially different. It is important to
understand these differences in order to design reinforcements according to the intended
application of the composite part and expected stress-strain conditions during its service
life. Moreover the record of stress-strain history prior to damage infliction helps in
understanding the cause of irreversible damage .Thus, it goes without saying that inservice health monitoring of the structure can not only help in better understanding the
deformation modes but also in keeping the structure operating reliably and safely.
Different approaches that can be used for structural health monitoring (SHM) include
ultrasonic scanning, acoustic emission (AE), shearography, stimulated infrared
thermography (SIT), Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) sensors, vibration testing etc. Today
design engineers lay special emphasis on the integration of sensors during manufacturing
process which enables them to perform in situ health monitoring (locally) of the
composite parts, reduce their cost and improve the accuracy of measurements. The
classical NDE techniques hardly address this concern because of difficulties in making in
situ implementation.
A review of piezoresistive sensing methods already being applied to measure strain in
fabrics/composites shows that several diverse sensing mechanisms exist. These
approaches may be categorized on the basis of manufacturing technology as follows:
1.
Nanotube networks [10-23];
2.
Use of carbon tows for self-sensing [24-33];
3.
Semi conductive coatings [34-40].
None of these have gained universal acceptance either as standard in structural health
monitoring of composites or for the fabrication of intelligent sensing mechanisms.
Nanotubes have been investigated in detail for use as sensing mechanisms, both for smart
textile applications and for structural health monitoring of composites. Significant
challenges still exist in their development, for example the efficient growth of
macroscopic-length carbon nanotubes, controlled growth of nanotubes on desired
substrates, durability of nanotube based sensors and actuators, effective dispersion in
polymer matrices and their orientation. Therefore, there is a need to develop both
experimental and analytical techniques to bridge the nano and macro scales towards
optimization so as to use nanotube networks as sensors inside macroscale (fabric) or
mesoscale (tow) composites.
Carbon fiber reinforced composites offer a unique possibility of using carbon tows as
sensing network because of their conductivity. The disadvantage of such an approach is
that it can only be used for conductive fiber based composites. Moreover, it is imperative
to understand the deformation mechanism of the reinforcement. Any anomaly in the
deformation mechanism can threaten the sensing mechanism’s validity and efficacy.
Concerning semi conductive coatings, they have mostly been used for design of active
components of intelligent textile structures, to date, such as silicon flexible skins with
regular textiles, flexible fibrous transistors and other smart textile applications to
manufacture consumer products and to detect physiological condition of the wearer.
It is demonstrated in our research work that the use of intelligent textile approach in order
to realize fibrous sensors compatible with SHM and composite technology is a very
promising solution for in-situ health monitoring of composite parts. In the case of high
performance textile composites these intelligent textile materials can be integrated during
the manufacturing phase of the reinforcement or during the lay-up process. These
materials perform dual function inside a composite as after integration in the
reinforcement they not only act as a part of structural material but also have actuating,
sensing and microprocessing capabilities. Such sensors have been successfully developed
and used for SHM of composites. The results show that our fibrous sensors allow
detection of onset of damage and delamination in composites.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Saad NAUMAN
Tel: +92 51 581 9734
E-mail: saadnauman@hotmail.com
Resource Person Profile
Experience
Sept.
PhD thesis “Geometrical modelling and characterization of 3D warp interlock composites
2007 – and their on-line structural health monitoring using flexible textile sensors”
Mar.
2011
Jan.
Research project in M. Sc in Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles,
2007 – Roubaix - Geometrical modelling of 3D carbon Interlock reinforcements for composite
Aug.
materials
2007
2003 – Engineer production planning and maintenance in REDCO, Islamabad, Pakistan. Main
2006
responsibilities included production management of greige fabric and maintenance of
warping, sizing and weaving machines.
2002
Final year project in B. Sc textile Engineering – Conception of new woven fabrics on
TSUDAKOMA ZEX looms and preparation and maintenance of looms during article
change procedure. Project conducted at Nishat Textile Mills Ltd. Sheikhupura, Pakistan
Education
Sept.
PhD Thesis “Geometrical modelling and characterization of 3D warp interlock composites
2007 – and their on-line structural health monitoring using flexible textile sensors” ENSAITMar.
GEMTEX laboratory - Roubaix, France
2011
2006 – Research Masters in mechanics, materials and processes with specialization in Textile
2007
materials and processes – Grade: 15.59/20
Ecole nationale supérieure d’arts et metier, Paris, France and
Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles, Roubaix, France
1998 – B. Sc Textile Engineering with specialization in weaving process – Grade: 14.20/20
2002
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
25 Oct. Participated in “Advanced School on Textile Composites” on 25th October 2010, Lille,
2010
France
Publications
S. Nauman, P. Lapeyronnie, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "On line measurement of
structural deformations in composites," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. PP, 2010.
X. Legrand, F. Boussu, S. Nauman, I. Cristian, P. Lapeyronnie, P. Le Grognec, and C. Binetruy,
"Forming behaviour of warp interlock composite," International Journal of Material Forming, vol. 2,
pp. 177-180, 2009.
S. Nauman, P. Lapeyronnie, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "Geometrical Modelling Of Angle
Warp Interlock Fabrics," Journal of Textile Institure, accepted for publication, 2011.
I. Cristian, S. Nauman, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "A Study Of Strength Transfer From Tow To
Textile Composite Using Different Reinforcement Architectures,” Journal of Applied Composite
materials, accepted for publication, 2011.
S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, “Intelligent Textiles For Armoured Vehicles,” in
Smart Textiles for protection, edited by R. Chapman - Woodhead Publishing
I. Cristian, S. Nauman, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, “Electro-conductive Sensors and Heating Elements
Based on Conductive Polymer Composites in Woven Fabric Structures,” in Woven Fabrics, edited by
Savvas G. Vassiliadis - INTECH Publisher
S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "In situ strain sensing in Three dimensional woven
preform based composites using flexible tensile sensor," in TEXCOMP Lille, France, 2010.
S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "Application of 3D Geometrical Modelling
approach on Multilayer angle interlock carbon reinforcements," in AUTEX 2010 World Textile
Conference Vilnius, Lithuania, 2010.
S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, "Design and Optimization of piezoresistive sensors
for Structural health monitoring of carbon fibre reinforced 3D woven composites," in 7th IBCAST
Islamabad, Pakistan, 2010.
Y. Nawab, S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, and V. Koncar, “Study of Mouldability of 3D Woven
Multilayer Interlock, Carbon-Epoxy Composites,” in 7th IBCAST Islamabad, Pakistan, 2010.
S. Nauman, F. Boussu, I. Cristian, and V. Koncar, "Impact of 3D woven structure onto the high
performance yarn properties," in 2nd ITMC conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass
Customisation Casablanca, Morocco, 2009.
X. Legrand, F. Boussu, S. Nauman, I. Cristian, P. Lapeyronnie, L.-G. P., and C. Binetruy, "Forming
behaviour of warp interlock composite," in ESAFORM Conference Twente University, Netherlands,
2009.
F. Boussu, S. Nauman, I. Cristian, X. Legrand, and V. Koncar, "Geometrical characterization of
orthogonal / layer-layer woven interlock carbon reinforcement," in AUTEX World Textile Conference
Çesme, İzmir, Turkey, 2009.
F. Boussu, I. Cristian, and S. Nauman, "Technical performance of yarns inside a 3D woven fabric," in
ITC International Conference on Latest Advancements in High Tech Textiles and Textile-based
Materials Gent, Belgium, 2009.
S. Nauman, F. Boussu, X. Legrand, and V. Koncar, "Geometrical modelling of 3D textile composite
application to warp interlock carbon fabrics," in 13th European Conference on Composite Materials
Stockholm, Sweden, 2008.
F. Boussu, X. Legrand, S. Nauman, and C. Binetruy, "Mouldability of angle interlock fabric," in 9th
international Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials Montreal, Canada, 2008.
F. Boussu, X. Legrand, S. Nauman, and V. Koncar, "Geometric modelling of 3D angle interlock
fabrics," in AUTEX International Textile Conference Biella, Italy, 2008.
F. Boussu, X. Legrand, S. Nauman, and P. Bruniaux, "Comparison of the geometrical and mechanical
models used for the textile composite structures," in CORTEP International Conference Iasi,
Romania, 2007.
S. Nauman, I. Cristian, F. Boussu, X. Legrand, and V. Koncar, "Weaving of 3D interlock layer to
layer carbon-glass reinforcement on a conventional loom," in 2nd international Conference on textile
and Clothing Lahore, Pakistan, 2009.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
QUICKSTEP PROCESSING OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES A REVIEW
Dr. Laraib Alam Khan*, Dr. Richard Day**, Dr. Zaffar M. Khan*
*College of E & ME, National University of sciences and technology,
Rawalpinidi, Pakistan
**Glyndwr University, Mold Road, Wrexham, Wales LL11 2AW, UK
ABSTRACT
Despite of various applications of thermosets /thermoplastics composites, the
disadvantages of these materials have been high processing and equipment costs,
difficulty of manufacturing and lack of knowledge of composites long term properties.
Vacuum bagging and autoclave cure have been well established and standardized
methods and as these methods get matured, the areas of need arise in terms of low
production cost without sacrificing part quality. Quickstep is a novel polymer composite
processing technique designed and developed in Australia for out-of-autoclave
processing of high quality, low cost components in comparatively shorter cure cycle time.
The technique is based on a unique fluid filled, balanced pressure, floating mould
technology for the curing, partial curing and joining of prepregs and dry fibre/wet resin
based composites. This paper reviews the progress of this technique from its first
development (Patent), the principle of the technique, the detail of equipment (at
Northwest Composites Centre, Manchester, UK) and the potential advantages over
traditional autoclave. Current research is reviewed and the potential for scientific
developments are discussed.
Key Words: Quickstep, Polymeric Composites, out-of-Autoclave, low cost production
*Corresponding author Tel. +92 321 841 3370
Email: laraibkh@gmail.com
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Laraib Alam Khan
Tel: +92 321 841 3370
E mail: laraibkh@yahoo.com
laraibkh@gmail.com
Resource Person Profile
Education
 PhD in Materials Sciences from Northwest Composites Centre (NWCC, now NCCEF),
School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK-2010
 MS (Mechanical) from College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (NUST),
Pakistan with CGPA 3.75/4.00-2006.
 Bachelor of Engineering (BE Mechanical) from NED University of Engineering &
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan – Completed in April 2001 with 77% marks.
Publications
 ‘Hygrothermal degradation of 977-2A Carbon/epoxy composites cured in autoclave
and Quickstep’. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Volume 41,
Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 942-953, ISSN 1359-835X (I.F. 2.41)
 ‘Curing study of autoclave and Quickstep processing using DSC and FTIR’. In the
proceedings of 42nd SAMPE Fall Technical Conference held in Salt lake city, Utah,
USA from 11-14 October, 2010.
 ‘Development of ultra-light Car body using single step resin infusion Process’. In the
proceedings of 42nd SAMPE Fall Technical Conference held in Salt lake city, Utah,
USA from 11-14 October, 2010.
 ‘Double Vacuum Bagging (DVB) coupled with Quickstep’. In the proceedings of
ICCM-17, held in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2009.
 ‘Hygrothermal effect on 977-2A Carbon/epoxy composite cured in autoclave and
Quickstep’. Presented in ICCS-15, held in Porto, Portugal in 2009.
 ‘Effect of a novel processing technique on the physical and mechanical properties of
977-2A Carbon/epoxy composites’. In the proceedings of ECCM-13, held in
Stockholm, Sweden in 2008.
 ‘A comparative study of curing process for autoclave and Quickstep Processing’. In
the proceedings of 8th International Bhurban Conference (IBCAST), held in
Islamabad-2011
Postgraduate Projects
 Investigation of Post curing effect on the physical and mechanical properties of
different sandwich structures.
 Investigation of de-bond fracture toughness of several sandwich structures
 Worked on coupling of Double Vacuum Bag (DVB) technique with Quickstep
manufacturing technique to enhance void removal efficiency.
 Experimental investigation of effect of dwell time at two dwell temperatures (130 and
180 ºC) on the physical and mechanical properties of 977-2A carbon/epoxy prepreg
manufactured from Quickstep technology.
 Cure cycle optimization of 977-2A carbon/epoxy prepreg for Quickstep technology
and comparing of properties with Autoclave, hot press and oven cured panels.
 Experimental investigation of hygrothermal effect on the 977-2A composites
manufactured from Quickstep, autoclave, hot press and oven curing.
 Analysis of the effect of dwell time on the fracture toughness (mode I DCB)
properties of panels manufactured from Quickstep and Autoclave by exposing the
fractured surface through XPS.
 Finite element analysis of composites plates and comparing of FEA data with
experimental data (Master’s project).
Expertise & Skills
 Hands on experience and expertise of composites manufacturing processes like
Vacuum bagging, hot press, autoclave and Quickstep, resin film infusion, VARTM,
Pultrusion.
 Hands on experience and expertise of several mechanical tests for composites like
Tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear stress, interlaminar fracture toughness.
 Hands on experience and expertise of several laboratory scale equipments like
Ultrasonic C-scan, Rheometrics, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic
mechanical and thermal analyser (DMTA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
Fourier transformed Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer, Acid Digestion method,
Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
 Proficient in design and analysis tools like AutoCAD and Lusas (for Composite
Structures).
 Knowledge and experience of ‘MS Project’.
 Possess great managerial/administrative skills and innovation.
 Fluent in written and spoken English.
Professional Experience
 Advanced Engineering and Research Organization (AERO), NESCOM,
Islamabad
Duration:
Sep 2004-Present
Designation:
Assistant Manager-Manager (R & D Cell)
 School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK
Duration:
Sep 2007-Sep 2009
Designation:
Graduate Teaching Assistant
 Pakistan State Oil Co Ltd
Duration:
Sep 2001 to June 2003
Designation:
Trainee Engineer
 NED UET, Karachi
Duration:
May 2001 to August 2001
Designation:
Research Assistant
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
APPLICATION OF NANO-COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN
OUTDOOR HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATORS
Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Choduhry
Professor Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Engineering and
Technology Taxila
Muhammad Ali
PhD Scholar Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Engineering and
Technology Taxila
ABSTRACT
Nanocomposite materials have recently captured wide interest of researchers in the field
of dielectrics known as nanodielectrics. This novel group of materials is capable of
providing significant improvements in physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical and other
unique properties of high voltage insulators. They have shown superior performance over
their conventional composite counterparts. They can be synthesized using simple and
inexpensive techniques.
This work serves to highlight the development phases of outdoor high voltage insulators
from ceramic to polymer nanocomposites. The properties of these novel materials are
highly dependent on the nanofillers dispersion within the polymer matrix. As the high
surface energy of nanofillers make them very easily agglomerate, hence achieving a
uniform dispersion of particles is a difficult task. In this perspective various
nanocomposite materials preparation methods for effective dispersion mechanism are
investigated.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry
Tel: +92 51 9047 539 (off)
+92 51 9047 506(Res)
Fax: +92 51 9047 420
Email: dr.ahmad@uettaxila.edu.pk
drahmadpk@yahoo.com
Resource Person Profile
Education
Ph. D. (Electrical Engineering)
M. Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
February 1995
Virginia Tech, USA
February 1992 The George Washington University,
Washington DC, USA
B. Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
July 1982
University of Engineering &
Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Membership (Professional Organizations)
Senior Member IEEE Power Engineering Society, Industry Applications Society,
Education Society, Robotic & Automation Society and Control Systems Society
Member AIAA USA
Member Pakistan Engineering Council, Pakistan
Employment
March 1997 To Date
Professor of Electrical Engineering.
May 1988 To March 1997
Assistant Professor.
December 1982 To May 1988
Lecturer.
Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Taxila, Pakistan.
Development Grants and Projects
 Establishment of Information Technology Centre at UET Taxila, 1998, Punjab
Board of Information Technology, Lahore.
 Establishment of the Centre for Computer Engineering & Informatics at UET
Taxila 2000, Ministry of Science and Technology Pakistan.
 Establishment of Centre for Industrial IT: Control & Automation, at UET Taxila
2003, Higher Education Commission, Islamabad.
Research Grants and Projects
 Develop Real Time Control Algorithm for Trajectory Planning and Vision Based
Localization for Non-Holonomic Mobile Robot, 2006, Higher Education Commission,
Islamabad.
 Simulation and Design for Airship Hovering Control, 2010, Higher Education
Commission, Islamabad.
 Develop General SCADA Educational Laboratory for Under graduate Students,2007,
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
PhD Thesis Supervised
1. Tahir Mahmood, “State Estimation Technique for Impedance Matching in Distribution
Feeder Reconfiguration, University of Engineering & Technology Taxila
, 2009
2. Hasham Khan, “Power quality Improvement of Distribution System with Dispersed
Generation Using Novel algorithm for Detection and Control of Islanding Process
“ University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, 2009
3. Aamir Hanif, “Power Flow Control Strategy at the Load Bus in the Presence of
Dispersed Generation” University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, 2009
4. Muhammad Arshad, “Obstacle Avoidance of Non-holonomic Mobile Robot”, 2010
5. Taj Muhammad, “Visual based Localization and Mapping for Non-holonomic Mobile
Robot”, 2010
6. Muhammad Zahir Ashraf, “Dynamic modeling and control of Airship” In Progress
7. Muhammad Ali, “Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials & Their Performance under
Multi-stress Conditions” In Progress
Books and Research Publications
Books
 Installation, Planning And Estimating, National Book Foundation, Islamabad
2002.
Research Publications (Selected)
Journal Publications:
1. Hasham Khan and Mohammad A. Choudhry, “Power loss reduction in radial
distribution system with multiple distributed energy resources through efficient
islanding detection, Energy 35 (2010) 4843-486
2. Hasham Khan and Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry, “Implementation of Distributed
Generation (IDG) Algorithm for Performance Enhancement of Distribution Feeder
under Extreme Load Growth”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 32 (2010) 985–
997, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.02.006
3. Syed Zafar Ali and Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry, “A generalized higher order
neural network for aircraft recognition in a video docking system”, Neural Computing
& Applications, (2010) 19:21–32, DOI 10.1007/s00521-008-0224-0
4. Aamir Hanif* and Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry, Investigating voltage restoration
and power export in a distribution system with series compensator using distributed
generation, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 35, Number
1B, pp 265-291
5. Tahir
Mahmood, and M. A. Choudhry, “Performance improvement of
complementary feeders using static transfer switch system”, Journal of Zhejiang
University-Science A, 2009 10 (2): 189-200. DOI 10.1631/jzus.A0820127.
6. Aamir Hanif, and M. A. Choudhry, “Dynamic voltage regulation and power export in
a distribution system using distributed generation”, Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience A, 2009 10 (10): 1523-1531. DOI 10.1631/jzus.A0820699.
7. M. A. Choudhry and S. Rahman, “A Generic Algorithm to Select Building Lighting
Technologies for Minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion,” Energy -The International
Journal of Energy, Vol. 20, No. 10, October 1995.
8. M. Z. Ashraf and M. A. Choudhry, “Dynamic Modeling of the Airship with
MATLAB Using Geometrical Aerodynamic Parameters”, Accepted for publication in
Aerospace Science and Technology
9.
10.
11.
12.
Taj Mohammad Khan and M. A. Choudhry, “Multiple Robots Localization and
mapping using occupancy grid and mobility factor,” Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, Vol. 28 No. 1, Jan-Jun 2009, pp. 51-61
Muhammad Arshad and Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry, Solution for Trap
Situations of Wheeled Mobile Robot Due to Local Minima Problems, Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 28 No. 2, July-December 2009, pp. 1-9
Aamir Hanif, M. A. Choudhry, “Reliable, Effective and Efficient Operation of DG
Source in Coordination with Main Utility Network Using Static Device” WSEAS
Transactions on POWER SYSTEMS, 2006. ISSN 1790-5060.
Aamir Hanif and Mohammad Ahmed. Choudhry, “PWM-IGBT Inverter based
power flow control at the load bus in the presence of utility supply”, European Journal
of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X, Vol. 18 No. 3(2007), pp. 514-531.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Muhammad Ali (Ph.D Scholar)
Tel: +92 51 9047 539 (off)
Fax: +92 51 9047 420
Email: drahmadpk@yahoo.com
Resource Person Profile
EDUCATION

B.Sc Engg. (Electrical), University of Engg. & Tech., Taxila. 1999.

M.Sc. Engg. (Electrical), University of Engg. & Tech., Taxila. 2008.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Manger Technical(NESCOM/PMO)
2000 To till date
RESEARCH PUBLICATION
1. Muhammad Amin, and Muhammad Ali, “Estimation of State and Age of Polymeric Insulators
from the Effect of Individual Environmental Parameters” accepted in WSEAS Transactions
on Circuits and Systems, Athens, Greece.2007.
2. Muhammad Amin, Muhammad Akbar and Muhammad Ali, “Multistress accelerated Aging of
Polymeric Insulators” accepted in ‘WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems’ Athens,
Greece.2007.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
FAILURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Engr. Athar Hameed
ABSTRACT
A structural composite is a material system consisting of two or more phases on a
macroscopic scale, whose mechanical performance and properties are designed to be
superior to those of the constituent materials acting independently. One of the phases is
usually discontinuous, stiffer, and stronger and is called reinforcement, whereas the less
stiff and weaker phase is continuous and is called matrix. Sometimes, because of
chemical interactions or other processing effects, an additional phase, called interphase,
exists between the reinforcement and the matrix. The properties of a composite material
depend on the properties of the constituents, geometry, and distribution of the phases.
One of the most important parameters is the volume (or weight) fraction of
reinforcement, or fiber volume ratio. The distribution of the reinforcement determines the
homogeneity or uniformity of the material system. The more nonuniform is the
reinforcement distribution, the more heterogeneous is the material and higher is the
probability of failure in the weakest areas. The geometry and orientation of the
reinforcement affect the anisotropy of the system.
The phases of the composite systems have different roles that depend on the type and
applications of the composite material. In the case of low to medium performance
composite materials, the reinforcement, usually in the form of short fibers or particles,
provide some stiffening but only local strengthening of the material. The matrix on the
other hand is the main load-bearing constituent governing the mechanical properties of
the material. In the case of high performance structural composites, the usually
continuous-fiber reinforcement is the backbone of the material that determines its
stiffness and strength in the direction of the fibers. The matrix phase provides protection
and support for the sensitive fibers and local stress transfer from one fiber to another. The
interphase, although small in size, can play an important role in controlling the failure
mechanisms, fracture toughness, and overall stress-strain behavior of the material.
Reference: Issac M. Daniel and Ori Ishai (1993) Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials; Oxford
University Press.
Workshop on Composite Materials in
Engineering Applications
………………...
UET TAXILA
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Engr Athar Hameed (Postgraduate Scholar)
Tel: +92 300 987 9873
Email: atharhameed64@yahoo.com
Resource Person Profile
Education
1989, BSc Mechanical engineering– 1st division, UET Peshawar
Positions Held
1989 to date, working on managerial assignments, having vast experience in equipment
maintenance, fabrications & contracting.
Field of Interest
Mechanical Engineering Design & Fabrication
Certificates
Successful completion of an equipment manufacturing course held in China.