MATEMÁTICAS
1º ESO
OPERACIONES BÁSICAS
-SUMA: (Addition) the process of adding two or more numbers together to find their total. The addition sign is +
· Example: 4+2+6 = 12, four plus two plus six equals twelve
(Fist we start by adding four to two, to get the answer six. Then we add six to six, to get the answer twelve).
-RESTA: (Substract) to take a number or an amount away from another number of amount. The substract sign is –
· Example: 12-6-4 = 2, twelve minus six, minus two, equals two.
(To start with, we first substract six from twelve, to get the answer of six; then take four from six, to
get the answer of two)
-MULTIPLICACIÓN: (Multiplication) the act or process of multiplying. The multiplication sign is x or ·
· Example: 2 x 2 x 6 = 24, two times two times six, equals twenty-four.
(First of all, we times two by two, that equals four; then we multiply four times six
to get the answer of twenty-four)
-DIVISIÓN: (Division) the process of dividing one number by another. The division sign is :
· Example: 12 : 6 = 2, twelve divided by six equals two.
(To find your answer you have to think how many times six goes into twelve to get your answer of two)
-Now try this:
(8+13-6) x 7 : 3 = 35
(First, we start by solving what’s in the brackets: eight plus thirteen minus six equals fifteen. Then, times
fifteen by seven, equals hundred an five. After this, we divide hundred and five by three, equals thirty five).
-FRACCIÓN: (Fraction) the division of a number
· Example: 1/2 , a half; 9/10, nine tenths;
1/16, one sixteenth
-Complex fractions: in complex fractions we use the word over,
· Example: 19/56, nineteen over fifty-six;
31/144, thirty one over one four four
-Whole numbers and fractions:
· With and: 2 1/2, two and a half; 5 2/3, five and two thirds
· One plus a fraction followed by a plural noun: 1 1/2 pts, one and a half points.
-Ordinal numbers:
1st: First
3rd: Third
5th: Fifth
12th: Twelfth
2nd: Second
4th: Fourth
6th: Sixth
21st: Twenty-first…
UNIDAD 1: NÚMEROS NATURALES
-Calculadora: Calculator
-División: Division
-Igual que (=): Equal to
-Jerarquía: Hierarchy
-Mayor que (>): Greater than
-Menor que (<): Less than
-Mentalmente: Mentally
-Multiplicación: Multiplication
-Número Natural: Counting number/Natural number
-Orden: Order
-Problema: Problem
-Propiedad Asociativa: Associative Law
-Propiedad Conmutativa: Commutative Law:
-Propiedad Distributiva: Distributive Law
-Resta: Subtraction
-Suma: Addition/Sum
UNIDAD 2: DIVISIBILIDAD
-Criterios de divisibilidad: Divisibility rules
-Divisibilidad: Divisibility
-Divisores: Divisors
-Factores Primos: Prime Factors
-Factorial: Factorial
-Múltiplo: Multiple
-Número primo: Prime number
-Número compuesto: Composite number
-Mínimo común múltiplo (mcm):
Least common multiple (LCM)/Lowest common multiple
-Máximo común divisor (MCD):
Greatest common divisor (GCD)/Highest common divisor
UNIDAD 3: NÚMEROS ENTEROS
-Negativos: Negatives number
-Número entero: Integer number
-Números enteros: Integer number
-Operaciones combinadas: Combined operations
-Opuesto: Opposite number
-Paréntesis: Parenthesis / Bracket
-Positivos: Positives number
-Valor absoluto: Absolute value
UNIDAD 4: LAS FRACCIONES
-Calcular: To calculate
-Denominador: Denominator
-Fracción: Fraction
-Fracción Equivalente: Equivalent Fraction
-Fracción Impropia: Improper Fraction
-Fracción Inversa: Inverse Fraction.
-Fracción irreducible: Fraction irreducible
-Fracción Propia: Proper Fraction
-Numerador: Numerator
-Operar: To operate
-Signo: Sign
-Simplificar: To simplify
-Simplificar una fracción: Cancellation of a fraction
UNIDAD 5: LOS NÚMEROS DECIMALES
-Coma Decimal: Decimal point
-Decimal exacto: Decimal exact
-Estimación: Estimation
-Número decimal: Decimal number
-Problemas: Problems
-Redondeo: Round
-Representación: Representation
-Unidad seguida de ceros: Unit followed(consecutive) by zeros
-Unidad decimal: Decimal unit
UNIDAD 6: POTENCIAS Y RAÍZ CUADRADA
-Potencia: Pow
-Exponente: Exponent
-Elevar un número a “n”: Raise a number to the power “n”
-3 al cuadrado: 3 squared (32=3·3=9); 3 squared is 9
-Cuadrados perfectos: Perfect Squared
-3 al cubo: 3 cubed (33= 3·3·3=27); 3 cubed is 27
-Encuentra la raíx n-ésima de un número: find the n-th root of a number
-Raíz cuadrada: Square Root (
9); the square root of 9 is 3
-Base: Base
UNIDAD 7: SISTEMA MÉTRICO DECIMAL
-Año luz: Light year
-Cantidad: Quantity
-Gramo: Gram
-Hectárea: Hectare
-Litro: Liter
-Magnitud: Magnitude
-Metro cuadrado: Square meter
-Metro: meter
-Micra: Micron
-Múltiplos: Multiple
-Sistema métrico decimal: Metric decimal system
-Unidad astronómica: Astronomic unit
-Unidades agrarias: Agrarian units
-Unidades de capacidad: Capacity units
-Unidades de longitud: Length units
-Unidades de masa: Mass units
-Unidades de superficie: Surface units
UNIDAD 14: TABLAS Y GRÁFICAS
-Diagrama de Barras: Bars diagrama
-Diagrama de Sectores: Sectors diagram
-Ejes cartesianos: Cartesian Axes
-Frecuencia Absoluta: Absolute frecuency
-Frecuencia Relativa: Relative frecuency
-Grafica: Grafica
-Media: Arithmetic mean
-Moda: Statistical Fashion
-Pictograma: Pictogram
-Suceso: Event/Occurances