Cell processes and energy  How much have you learned??
Use your brain first, then use your notes; then use your text.
1. List and describe three ways that substances can move into and out of a cell.
a.
b.
c.
Describe how the above processes are similar. How are they different?
Provide an example of diffusion. Provide an example of osmosis.
Complete the following chart.
How living things obtain energy from the sun
Living Thing
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Grass
Zebra
Lion
Describe the two stages in the process of photosynthesis.
Obtains energy from the sun?
Indirectly or directly?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
sunlight
---------------
+
+
Raw materials
Products.
Why is sunlight written above the arrow in the equation?
RESPIRATION
+
------
+
+ CELLULAR ENERGY
Use the table below to list the raw materials and products of respiration.
Respiration
Raw materials
Products
Complete the cycle diagram to describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.
What is fermentation? Name and describe the two types of fermentation.
Identify the three main stages of the cell cycle.
Describe what occurs during each of the 4 phases of mitosis.
Prophase -
Metaphase -
Anaphase -
Telophase -
What happens during interphase?
Complete the flowchart to show what happens during DNA replication.
The two sides of the DNA molecule
and
Nitrogen bases floating in the nucleus pair up with the
half of the DNA molecule.
When the new bases are attached two new
on each
are formed.
Identify the nitrogen bases that pair up to make the rungs of the DNA ladder.
pairs with
pairs with
REMEMBER – the nitrogen bases are the “letters” that spell out the DNA code
Cell processes and energy  How much have you learned??
Use your brain first, then use your notes; then use your text.
1. List and describe three ways that substances can move into and out of a cell.
a. Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
b. Diffusion – movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a low concentration
c. Active transport – movement of materials into or out of a cell – requires cellular energy
Describe how the above processes are similar. How are they different?
Osmosis/Diffusion – passive; no cellular energy is required
Active transport – requires cellular energy
All three are methods of transport into and out of a cell
Provide an example of diffusion. Provide an example of osmosis.
Diffusion – yum! The smell of pizza when it is brought into the house! Food coloring moving through
water.
Osmosis – a plant distributing water from soil
roots
stem
leaves.
Complete the following chart.
How living things obtain energy from the sun
Living Thing
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Obtains energy from the sun?
Indirectly or directly?
Grass
Autotroph
Directly
Zebra
Heterotroph
Indirectly
Lion
Heterotroph
Indirectly
Describe the two stages in the process of photosynthesis.
Stage 1 – Energy of sun is captured by the chlorophyll
Stage 2 – Chloroplasts use energy plus carbon dioxide and water to form sugars and oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
sunlight
carbon dioxide
+
water
---------------
Sugars
Raw materials
+
oxygen
Products.
Why is sunlight written above the arrow in the equation?
Sunlight is the energy source
RESPIRATION
+
sugars
oxygen
------
carbon dioxide
+
water
+ CELLULAR ENERGY
Use the table below to list the raw materials and products of respiration.
Respiration
Raw materials
Products
Sugar (C6H1206)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)
Cellular energy
Complete the cycle diagram to describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.
Plants produce O2
most organisms use O2
Plants use CO2
most organisms produce CO2
What is fermentation? Name and describe the two types of fermentation.
Fermentation occurs when cells produce cellular energy without oxygen.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the muscles cells of animals.
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast cells.
Identify the three main stages of the cell cycle.
Interphase; Mitosis; Cytokinesis
Describe what occurs during each of the 4 phases of mitosis.
Prophase - Chromosomes thicken; spindle fibers form; nuclear envelop breaks down
Metaphase - Chromatids lineup across the center (equator) and they attach to the spindle fibers.
Anaphase - Centromeres split; chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase - Chromosomes stretch out; new nuclear envelop begins to form around each set of
chromosomes.
What happens during interphase?
Normal cell activities; cell grows; cell makes an exact copy of DNA.
Complete the flowchart to show what happens during DNA replication.
The two sides of the DNA molecule
unwind
and
separate
Nitrogen bases floating in the nucleus pair up with the
bases
the DNA molecule.
When the new bases are attached two new
DNA molecules
Identify the nitrogen bases that pair up to make the rungs of the DNA ladder.
on each half of
are formed.
Adenine
pairs with
Thymine
Cytosine
pairs with
Guanine
REMEMBER – the nitrogen bases are the “letters” that spell out the DNA code