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INDONESIA. The Management of Developments in Population Affairs (Government Regulation No. 27/1994 dated September 3,
1994).
The President of the Republic of Indonesia
Considering:
a.
that populations constitute potential human resources and basic capital for national development;
b.
that in line with the development of human resources which better supports the implementation of sustainable development, it is
necessary to manage developments in population affairs in terms of the quality, quantity and mobility of populations in well-guided,
efficient and effective manner;
c.
that in conjunction with the above matters and as the implementations Law No. 10/1992 on Developments in Population Affairs and
the Development of Prosperous Families, it is deemed necessary to lay down the management of developments in population affairs in a
government regulation;
In view of:
1.
Article 5 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution;
2.
Law No. 10/1992 on developments in population affairs and the Development of Prosperous Families (Statute Book of 1992 No. 35,
Supplement to Statute Book No. 3475);
Decides:
To stipulate:
The Government Regulation Concerning the Management of Developments in Population Affairs.
Chapter I. General Provisions
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Article 1
Hereinafter referred to as:
1.
The management of developments in population affairs shall be the effort to carry out activities relating to the study, planning,
realisation, monitoring, control and evaluation of and the counseling on developments in population affairs.
2.
Developments in population affairs shall be all activities relating to changes in the state of population including the quantity, quality
and mobility of populations which have an impact on development and the environment.
3.
Populations shall be the people who live in an area in the country in a specified time in their capacity as individuals, family
members, society members, citizens and association members.
4.
Population affairs shall be matters relating to the number, main characteristic, growth, spread, mobility, distribution, quality,
condition, and political, economic, social, cultural and religious welfare as well as the environment of populations.
5.
The quality of populations shall be the physical and non physical condition of population and the state of being devout to God
Almighty which serve as the basis to develop capability and enjoy life as civilized and internalized human beings to lead a reasonably
comfortable life.
6.
The quantity of populations shall be the difference between the number of births, deaths and migrants.
7.
The mobility of populations shall be the spatial movement of populations passing through the administrative boundary of a second
level region.
8.
The spread of populations shall be the spatial spread of populations.
9.
The distribution of populations shall be the effort to make the spread of populations suitable to and harmonious with the supporting
and carrying capacity of the environment.
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10. The environment shall be the unity of space along with all things, resources, condition and creatures including human beings and
their behaviour which have an impact on the survival and welfare of human beings and other creatures.
11. The supporting capacity of the environment shall be the capability of the environment along with all elements and resources which
support the survival of human beings and other creatures.
12. The carrying capacity of man-made environment shall be the capability of man-made environment which meets the life necessities
of populations.
13. The carrying capacity of social environment shall be the capability of human beings and groups of different people to live together
as a society in a harmonious, balanced, peaceful and orderly manner.
14. The Minister shall be the minister who is responsible for the coordination of population policies.
Article 2
The management of developments in population affairs shall be directed towards the creation of harmonious and balanced relations
between the quantity, quality and spread of populations and the environment to support the implementation of sustainable national
development.
Article 3
(1) To create the harmonious and balanced relations between the quantity, quality and spread of populations and the environment to
support sustainable national development, the government shall determine the number, structure and composition of populations.
(2) The number, structure and composition of populations shall be determined on the basis of the periodical and integrated collection of
data on populations either at a central or regional level.
(3) The collection of data on populations as meant in paragraph (2) shall cover births, deaths, ages, sexes, structure, migration, spread,
livelihood, and social, economic and cultural life of populations and shall be done in accordance with the prevailing legislation.
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Article 4
the management of developments in population affairs shall be realized by controlling the quantity of populations, developing the quality
of populations, and directing the mobility of populations, and directing the mobility of populations and shall be conducted by the
government in cooperation with the public comprehensively and integratedly.
Chapter II. The Control of Quantity of Populations
Article 5
The control of quantity of populations shall be directed towards the creation of harmonious and balanced relations between the quantity
of populations and the supporting and carrying capacity of the environment and the condition of socio-economic and socio-cultural
developments.
Article 6
To control the quantity of populations as meant in Article 3, the government along with the public shall make an effort to lower mortality
and birth rates and direct the mobility of populations.
Article 7
(1) The lowering of the mortality rate shall cover the lowering of the mortality rates of infants and under-five-children and the
prolongation of average life expectancy.
(2) To lower the mortality rate, the minister and other ministers dealing with population affairs shall stipulate policies aimed at
improving the quality of life and the quality of the environment according to their respective tasks and responsibilities with due
observance of the prevailing legislation.
(3) The policies on the improvement of the quality of life and the quality of the environment as meant in paragraph (2) shall cover:
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the improvement of health including the improvement of the quality of health services, the improvement of nutrition, and the
prevention or treatment of diseases;
b.
the improvement of the quality of the economic, educational, socio-political and socio-cultural condition of the communities;
c.
the improvement of income of families;
d.
the improvement of the quality of individuals or families regarding tradition, norms, productivity and behavior;
e.
the improvement of the quality of the natural, man-made and social environment.
Article 8
(1) The lowering of the birth rate shall be directed towards the creation of balanced population growth and then zero population growth.
(2) The lowering of the birth rate shall be conducted through:
a.
the popularization of small, happy and prosperous family norms covering efforts to encourage and make the public aware of the
need to:
1)
use contraceptives;
2)
get married at marriageable age;
3)
delay the birth of the first child;
4)
breastfeed optimally;
5)
space birth intervals;
b.
the promotion of women's education and role;
c.
other efforts stipulated by a presidential decree.
Chapter III. The Development of the Quality of Populations
Article 9
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The quality of populations shall be developed through the improvement of religious values, education, health, economy, socio-cultural
life, spiritual mentality and other welfare improvement efforts.
Article 10
The development of the quality of populations as meant in Article 9 shall include the comprehensive and integrated development of the
quality of individuals, families, societies, citizens and association m embers by the government, societies and families.
Article 11
In an effort to support the development of the quality of populations, the government along with the public shall provide population
building and services.
Article 12
(1) In an effort to develop the quality of populations the government along with the public shall provide population building and
services by communicating with, providing information to, and education populations, including making available facilities,
infrastructures and services.
(2) In addition to the population building and services as meant in paragraph (1) economically weak communities shall also be entitled
to facilities according to the type of obstacles they want to overcome.
Chapter IV. The Direction of the Mobility of Populations
Article 13
The mobility of populations shall be directed towards:
a.
the development of the quality of human resources;
b.
the creation of harmonious and balanced supporting and carrying capacity of the environment;
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c.
the control of quantity of populations in certain areas/regions;
d.
the development of new economic growth centres;
e.
the expansion of productive job openings;
f.
the enhancement of national resilience.
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Article 14
(1) The mobility of populations shall be directed by increasing the public attention and participation to create the optimum spread of
populations based on the balance relations between the quantity of population and the supporting and carrying capacity of the
environment.
(2) The mobility of populations shall be directed by improving religious values, education, health, economy, socio-cultural life and
spiritual mentality.
Article 15
The mobility of populations shall be directed by taking account of the following factors:
a.
the concentrations of populations in an area/region;
b.
the quantity of populations in a potential region;
c.
the balanced relations between the quality and quantity of populations and the supporting and carrying capacity of the environment.
Article 16
To support the optimum spread of populations as meant in Article 14 paragraph (1), the government shall draw up and implement
transmigration programmes based on the prevailing legislation.
Chapter V. Information about Developments in Population Affairs
Article 17
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To support the control of the quantity of populations, the development of the quality of populations and the direction of the mobility of
populations in conformity with the environment, a system of information about development population affairs and families shall be
developed.
Article 18
The system of information about developments in population affairs and families as meant in Article 17 shall be implemented by the
minister in a coordinated manner by involving relevant intersectoral institutions of central and regional levels.
Article 19
The system of information about development in population affairs and families shall be implemented through the following efforts:
a.
the collection and processing of data about the quantity, spread and mobility of populations and the supporting and carrying capacity
of the environment of central and regional levels;
b.
the dissemination and presentation of information about development in population affairs and families and the supporting and
carrying capacity of the environment in a certain area/region;
c.
the development of an integrated information network among intersectoral institutions;
d.
the development of a system of administering and recording and statistics on populations and families including the registration of
populations.
Chapter VI. Research and Development
Article 20
(1) Research and development efforts shall be made to support the management of developments in population affairs.
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(2) The research and development efforts as meant in paragraph (1) shall cover research and development activities relating to the
control of the quantity of populations, the development of the quality of populations, the direction of the mobility of populations and the
upgrading and development of a system of information about population affairs.
(3) The research and development efforts as meant in paragraph (1) shall be made by research centres, self-supporting institutes and
mass organisations on the basis of the prevailing legislation.
Chapter VII. Public Participation
Article 21
The government shall give wider opportunities to and motivate the communities to take part in the management of development in
population affairs.
Article 22
(1) The opportunities and motivation to increase the public participation in the management of developments in population affairs shall
cover:
a.
giving information and education relating to the management of developments in population affairs;
b.
helping accelerate the management of developments in population affairs;
c.
giving/making available facilities and infrastructures to improve the quality of populations.
(2) The communities shall take part in the management of development in population affairs through self-supporting institutes, mass
organisations, private parties and individuals on a voluntary and self-reliant basis according to their respective capabilities.
(3) The public participation shall include the provision of workers, facilities, infrastructures and/or the like.
Chapter VIII. Promotion
Article 23
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The Minister and heads of relevant state institutions shall promote the management of development in population affairs in a coordinated,
integrated and sustained manner.
Article 24
The promotion as meant in Article 23 shall cover:
a.
the quality of human resources and services;
b.
the equitable distribution of services in the management of developments in population affairs;
c.
the coordination and integrity of programmes on the management of development in population affairs;
d.
the coordination of activities in the development of networks of information about population and families, administration,
recording, statistics on populations and families and sectoral and regional population planning;
e.
public participation;
f.
the research and development of the quality of populations, the control of the quantity of populations, the mobility of populations
and the environment, and
g.
other activities relating to the management of developments in population affairs.
Article 25
The promotion as meant in Article 24 shall be done by providing:
a.
guidance and counseling;
b.
service, expertise or the like;
c.
award;
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d.
population education;
e.
education on population developments; and so forth.
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Chapter IX. Closing Provisions
Article 26
This government regulation shall come into force as from the date of stipulation for public cognizance, this government regulation shall
be promulgated by placing it in the Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia.