NAME:
LECTURE EXAM 1
BIOL 425 Mammalogy
Oct. 13, 2010
Section I. Matching (2 points each, 20 pts total).
Match the terms on the left (by
writing the corresponding letter or number on the lines provided) with the short definitions or
descriptions on the right.
1._____
Intraspecific variation
A
2._____
Historical biogeography
B
3._____
Island rule
C
4._____
The selfish herd theory
D
5._____
Sympatric
E
6._____
Specialist
F
7._____
Bergmann’s rule
G
8._____
Keystone predator
H
9._____
Senescence
I
10._____ Speciation
J
Large mammals are smaller and small
mammals are bigger.
Body size of mammals increases with
latitude
A species exerting controlling forces over
a community
Fecundity gradually decreases and
mortality rates increase
Morphological, physiological, behavioral,
and spatial differences within a species.
Aggregating reduces an individual’s
chance of being caught by a predator.
Evaluates changes in species ranges over
evolutionary time.
A species that is particularly vulnerable
to fragmentation
In North America, partially caused by
continental ice sheets.
When the ranges of two similar species
overlap
Section II. True or False (2 points each, 20 pts total)
1. T
or
F
A unique characteristic of modern mammals is a 4-chambered heart
with a functional left aortic arch.
2. T
or
F
Mammals became more abundant than dinosaurs in the tertiary
period.
3. T
or
F
To prepare for winter, the % body fat of Alaskan caribou commonly
exceeds 10%
4. T
or
F
All teeth of modern mammals are dyphodont and heterodont.
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5. T
or
F
Mammal diversity generally decreases with an increase in latitude
and a decrease in elevation.
6. T
or
F
Despite upcoming lactation costs, female caribou may space out
before giving birth into areas without forage.
7. T
or
F
While most animals provide no care for their offspring, one or both
parents provide at least some care in all mammal species.
8. T
or
F
“K” selected species usually have larger body size, slow development,
and high mortality rates compared to “r” selected species.
9. T
or
F
Fat reserves of caribou and moose bulls in Alaska peak in October and
slowly deplete through the winter.
10. T
or
F
Over time, wild caribou from North America were eventually
domesticated and renamed reindeer.
Section III. Multiple Choice (2 points each, 20 pts total)
1. Which of the following is a unique (not common) characteristic of modern mammals?
a. Endothermy
b. Give birth to live young
c. Enucleated red blood cells
d. Sprawling gait
2. Which were the first group of amniotes to radiate widely in terrestrial habitats?
a. Therapsids
b. Synapsids
c. Pelycosaurs
d. Cynodonts
3. During the evolution of mammals, the formation of which of the following allowed for
more efficient transfer of oxygen.
a. Mammary glands
b. Secondary palate
c. Corpus callosum
b. Cheekteeth
4. Which of the following faunal regions has the fewest endemic Families of mammals?
a. Neotropical
b. Australian
c. Nearctic
d. Palearctic
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5. Which mode of mammal communication has the following signal properties: Long range,
slow fade out time, and works well at night.
a. Touch (tactile)
b. Sound (auditory)
c. Vision (visual)
d. Odor (olfactory)
6. Although monogamy is rare in mammals, most instances of this mating system are found
in which Orders?
a. Carnivora & Artiodactyla
b. Primates & Carnivora
c. Perissodactyla & Primates
d. Perissodactyla & Artiodactyla
7. In the absence of interspecific competition, a species may occupy an area that includes
all the potential resources in its environment. This is area may be referred to which of the
following?
a. biological niche
b. realized niche
c. fundamental niche
d. sympatric niche
8. Around when did moose arrive in Alaska?
a. 4000 yrs ago
b. 14,000 yrs ago
c. 40,000 yrs ago
d. 140,000 yrs ago
9. Radioactive carbon C14 decays to?
a. C12
b. N14
c. C13
d. N13
10. Most mammals have which types of survivorship curves?
a. Type I and II
b. Type III and II
c. Type I and III
d. Type III only
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Section IV. Fill in the blank (2 points each, 20 pts total)
1. Class Mammalia is of the subphylum ______________________________.
2. Jaw articulation between the dentary and the ______________________________ is a diagnostic
feature of living mammals.
3. Mammals evolved from the only group of Therapsids that didn’t go extinct. That nearly
“mammal-grade” group was the ______________________________.
4. The Nearctic faunal region has 2 endemic families. The common names of 2 species
within these Families are the ______________________________ and the ______________________________.
5. In Eurasia, wild Rangifer tarandus are called ______________________________, while
domesticated Rangifer tarandus are called _____________________________.
6. Male defense of good habitat important to females is an example of
_________________________ defense polygyny.
7. Name 2 large mammal species that were present in Alaska in the Pleistocene epoch but
are now extinct worldwide? _______________________________________________________________________
8. Moose and _____________________________(mammal species) crossed the Bering Land Bridge
at the same time. This was the only other mammal species that came across at the same
time moose did.
9. All, or almost all of the large caribou herds in North America migrate from wintering
areas in the ______________________________(biome type) to breeding areas in the
______________________________ (biome type).
10. ______________________________(common name) is a mammal that uses infrasonic sound, and
____________________________ (common name) is a mammal that uses ultrasonic sound.
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Section V. Short Answer (4 points each, 20 pts total)
“just a few sentences each please”
1. Please explain how and why mammals thrived while dinosaurs went extinct.
2. Please provide 3 benefits and 2 costs of group living in Class Mammalia.
3. At the end of the Pleistocene, there were widespread mammal extinctions. Why?
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Continued… Section V. Short Answer (4 points each, 20 pts total)
4. A) Below, please draw a figure illustrating the logistic growth curve of a moose
population. B) Please include a dotted line representing “K” and label the X and Y axis
accordingly. C) Please indicate on the curve where the population growth rate has peaked
D) Please indicate where on the curve predator control may be effective and ineffective?
5. Briefly discuss 2 ways that caribou cows can enhance the chances of survival of their
calves and how one way might work better at low densities and the other way may work
better at high?
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