CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
Edition: February 2011
PART D37
DESIGN - URBAN AND LANDSCAPING DESIGN
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
General
References
General Principles
Design Requirements
Landscaping
Records
GENERAL
This Part specifies the requirements for the Urban and Landscape Design, which includes the design of elements
such as soft landscaping, feature lighting, the architecture of structures (eg bridges, buildings, noise barriers,
retaining walls, road furniture and fences) and public art.
The Urban Designer(s) and Landscape Architect(s) must be eligible for membership of the DPTI Panel Contract for
Urban Design and Landscape Design respectively.
2.
REFERENCES
Unless specified otherwise, all design must be undertaken in accordance with the following:
(a)
Disability Discrimination Act 1992(Cth)
(b)
Statutory requirements for clearances of trees to Utility Services
(c)
DPTI Landscape Guidelines:

LA 100
Introduction to Landscape Analysis, Design and Documentation

LA 101
Landscape Analysis Guidelines

LA 103
Landscape Concept Guidelines

LA 104
Landscape Final Design Guidelines
(d)
DPTI Vegetation Removal Policy
(e)
DPTI Clear Zone Guideline
(f)
Austroads AGRD03/09 Guide to Road Design Geometric Design Part 3
(g)
Austroads AGRD04/09 Guide to Road Design Intersections and Crossings - General Part 4
(h)
Austroads AGRD04A/09 Guide to Road Design Unsignalised and Signalised Intersections Part 4A
(i)
Austroads AGRD04B/09 Guide to Road Design Roundabouts Part 4B
(j)
Austroads AGRD04C/09 Guide to Road Design Interchanges Part 4C
(k)
Austroads AGRD05/08 Guide to Road Design Drainage Design Part 5
(l)
Austroads AGRD06/09 Guide to Road Design Roadside Design, Safety and Barriers Part 6
(m)
Austroads AGRD06A/09 Guide to Road Design Pedestrian and Cyclist Paths Part 6A
(n)
Austroads AGRD06B/09 Guide to Road Design Roadside Environment Part 6B
(o)
DPTI Guidelines for Disability Access in the Pedestrian Environment.
(p)
DPTI Road Design Standards and Guidelines:

DP 001 General Requirements

DP 002 Title and Index

DP 003 General Construction
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
DP 004 Vegetation Removal

DP 005 Geometric Setout

DP 006 Drainage

DP 008 Final Surface Contours

DP 013 Lighting

DP 014 Longitudinal Section

DP 015 Cross Section

DP 016 Drainage Longitudinal Sections

DP 017 Landscape Design

DP 018 Irrigation
CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
DPTI standards, guidelines and policies are available from: http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/standards.
The design must have regard to the principles contained in:
3.
(a)
The South Australian Government Urban Design Charter
http://dataserver.planning.sa.gov.au/publications/1040p.pdf
(b)
Planning SA: Transport Choice and Urban Design – Design Issues for Accessible Neighbourhoods
http://www.sapo.org.au/pub/pub521.html
(c)
SA Government, Department of Justice, Crime Prevention Unit – Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design Resources http://www.cpu.sa.gov.au/resources.html
(d)
Sustainable Landscapes
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/botanicgardens/pdfs/sustainable.pdf
(e)
Planting Indigenous Species Policy
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/biodiversity/pdfs/is_policy.pdf
(f)
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Disability Rights
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/disability_rights/index.html
(g)
RTA NSW: Bridge Aesthetics Design Guidelines (available from
http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/constructionmaintenance/urbandesign/index.html)
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
The design must incorporate the principles of:
4.
(a)
Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD);
(b)
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED);
(c)
Equity of access, including disability access requirements;
(d)
Water sensitive urban design (WSUD);
(e)
Re-use or recycling of materials;
(f)
Energy efficiency of materials and maintenance requirements; and
(g)
Minimising Whole-of-Life costs.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Example wording below:
4.1
General
The Contractor must provide integrated landscape and urban design solutions for all components of the project
works, including the integration of:
(a)
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landscaping and revegetation;
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CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(b)
structures, including urban design finishes and treatments;
(c)
lighting, including feature lighting;
(d)
signage, including support structures;
(e)
acoustic control and road furniture, including noise and safety barriers;
(f)
public art; and
(g)
landscape maintenance access devices.
The Landscape Architect(s)/Urban Designer(s) must work collaboratively as part of a multidisciplinary team. In
developing the landscape and urban design, the Contractor must:
4.2
(a)
ensure compliance with all safety requirements;
(b)
ensure the interrelationship of individual design elements and consider their relationship to the
whole;
(c)
ensure that the development of the design is such that appropriate landscape and urban design
solutions are developed for all visible areas of the project;
(d)
ensure the landscape and urban design is fully coordinated and integrated with road
infrastructure and utility services so as to compliment without compromising structural integrity,
functionality or access;
(e)
ensure the infrastructure strengthens the local character of the area by responding to the social,
cultural and environmental characteristics;
(f)
ensure the design is capable of evolving with operational requirements and changing community
attitudes;
(g)
ensure safe, efficient and legible circulation routes for pedestrians, cyclists and people with
disabilities;
(h)
ensure a high standard of design to achieve quality infrastructure that is visually attractive and
interesting, sophisticated and contemporary; and
(i)
incorporate sustainable design principles such as water management, energy efficiency and
biodiversity.
Access and Movement
The project should enhance and improve the connectivity and safety of vehicle, pedestrian and cyclist routes within
and adjacent to the corridor.
The zone directly beneath the structure should be considered as ‘positive’ space that maximises east-west cross
movement for vehicles, cycles and pedestrians. Opportunities to activate this space through the inclusion of
pedestrian and cycle paths, water sensitive urban design and ‘green’ space should be explored. This space may also
be appropriate for public art.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Achieve ‘positive’ space beneath the structure that has active uses and is attractive in
appearance.
(b)
Achieve movement corridors beneath and/or adjacent to the structure by providing appropriate
connections to adjacent properties and local/arterial roads.
(c)
Minimise ‘left-over’, ‘negative’ or purely visual spaces beneath the structure that lack positive
surveillance and activation.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Wherever possible, improve pedestrian and cycle movement lines across the local access roadway
to maintain and enhance connections between adjacent land uses and zones.
(b)
Select materials, proportion spaces and plan uses to support the variety of spaces within the road
corridor and position these in relation to each other for compatibility of uses and continuity of
access and movement.
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4.3
CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(c)
Create opportunities for adjacent existing uses to engage with new uses beneath and beside the
structure, enhancing, where possible, their amenity and function.
(d)
Ensure the project does not restrict or prevent access to adjacent uses; if necessary, provide for
new entries and connections to cycle and pedestrian networks.
View Corridors
Provision of view corridors will create amenity within the project corridor, taking advantage of the structure and
generally flat topography along the project route. Controlling and directing views should contribute towards wayfinding and orientation, and should help to reinforce a pleasurable and memorable journey.
(a)
Enhance amenity and legibility from the structure by recognising and reinforcing view corridors
through to Port Adelaide and the Adelaide Hills escarpment.
(b)
Ensure the structure does not obscure important view corridors.
(c)
Ensure the landscape and urban design treatments enhance the view corridors along approach
roads to the structure.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Enhance way-finding and place-making by providing points of recognition along the route.
(b)
Allow views from the structure into the adjacent suburbs recognising particular landmarks and
points of interest, both built and natural.
(c)
Allow long distance views from the structure to the large-scale infrastructure landmarks visible at
Port Adelaide and east to the Adelaide Hills escarpment.
4.4
Safety
4.4.1
Sight Visibility
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Ensure driver sight distance and visibility are not compromised by landscape and urban design
elements and treatments.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.4.2
(a)
Vegetation must not exceed a maximum height of 500mm above the finished road surface in areas
where sight distance requirements must be achieved.
(b)
Urban design treatments must comply with sight distance requirements.
Clear Zones
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Clear zones must not be compromised by landscape and urban design treatments and elements.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
4.4.3
Careful consideration must be given to the placement and urban design integration of any safety
barriers to protect traffic from piers within clear zones.
Road Safety
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Landscape and urban design treatments must be designed to prevent debris and obstacles
entering roadways and must assist in reducing driver distraction.
(b)
Provide a level of visual variety and interest that promotes driver alertness and awareness of the
road corridor environment.
The Technical Requirements include:
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CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(a)
Low sheen, non-reflective urban design finishes should be used to minimise headlight and sun
glare.
(b)
Avoid the use of loose stone/gravel mulch in roadway areas where errant vehicles could throw
mulch onto the roadway or where it could spill on to pedestrian/cyclist pathways or be
thrown/dropped on to roadways.
(c)
Transparent materials must be shatterproof.
(d)
Urban design treatments must be simple, clutter-free and easily interpreted without causing driver
distraction.
Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Pedestrian and bicycle facilities must be safe, user friendly and integrated with the road design.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.4.5
(a)
Consider CPTED principles in the design of pedestrian and bicycle facilities.
(b)
Where appropriate, provide signalised crossings for pedestrians and cyclists.
(c)
Landscape and urban design treatments must comply with sight distance and clearance
requirements.
(d)
A high level of shade should be provided to pedestrian and bicycle facilities.
(e)
Landscape and urban design treatments should be designed to increase driver awareness of
pedestrian and bicycle facilities.
(f)
Provide clear and legible entries and exits to adjacent properties.
Adjacent land use
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide landscape and urban design treatments that satisfy the safety requirements of adjacent
land use bordering the corridor.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.5
(a)
Ensure landscape treatments are designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of
service authorities.
(b)
Ensure the needs and expectations of adjacent property owners and tenants are considered in the
landscape and urban design.
Architectural Character
The architectural character of the project should be fresh and contemporary, reinforcing an integrated view to
urban infrastructure provision that sees building communities as an important part of project provision.
Under-pinning the project is a commitment to environmentally sustainable design and an aesthetic that respects the
existing urban context, street and built form morphology, and land uses through which the project passes.
Composition, detailing and material selection of architectural elements should be carefully considered, with an
emphasis on creatively resolving architectural forms and finishes.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Attain a high standard of architectural built form and detail.
(b)
Reinforce a contemporary character to the project and associated public realm development.
(c)
Apply Best Practice building design, detailing and servicing strategies to minimise environmental
impact in construction and operation
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The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Respond to the immediate site context, and the character of adjoining streets and open spaces.
(b)
Acknowledge and respond to the cultural context, grounded in the immediate locale but also
extending beyond the corridor.
(c)
Develop fresh, contemporary architectural outcomes in built form and detail.
(d)
Consider passive climate design strategies to ameliorate the effects of the structure.
(e)
Explore opportunities presented by contemporary structural, material and environmentally
innovations and technologies.
(f)
Consider spatial sequences that support, at ground level, a rich driver, pedestrian and cyclist
experience, taking into account the linearity of the structure undercroft and perpendicular
connecting streets and open spaces.
(g)
Select materials, proportion spaces and plan uses to give a variety of visual, audible and tactile
spatial experiences in the undercroft spaces.
(h)
Modulate the scale of the architectural elements to allow for both compositional clarity at a
distance and a richly detailed, fine grained pedestrian experience up close.
(i)
Orient and manipulate screens and noise barriers in response to differing view opportunities on
the structure and at ground level.
(j)
Mitigate unfavourable impacts from the structure, such as overshadowing and wind acceleration
and turbulence on adjacent public open space and private land.
(k)
Adopt materials, colours and textures from a prescribed palette, applied creatively to reinforce
definition of spaces, built form elements and uses.
(l)
Integrate utilities and services within the structural profile to eliminate visible clutter.
4.6
Bridge Form and Detailing
4.6.1
General
4.6.2
(a)
The bridge must present smooth, clean lines and must have a minimal structural depth consistent
with its spans and construction method.
(b)
Provide a neat, clean and integrated transition/interface between all structural elements.
(c)
Concrete must be finished smoothly with no bubbles, chips or staining.
(d)
Provide free-draining finishes and joint detailing which minimises water retention, litter traps and
potential chemical, mould and dirt staining.
(e)
Provide neat, clean finishes to all outer exposed edges.
(f)
Provide chamfered surface finishes to all exposed edges.
(g)
Provide detailing that minimises potential creation of roosting sites for birds and bats.
(h)
Provide design integration to ensure that utility services are concealed from view.
Piers and Pile Caps
The supporting piers will be a visually dominant element in the urban landscape. Their detailed design is an
important part of the visible face of the architecture of the project, establishing the quality of composition,
proportion, detailing and materials selection.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Pier composition, proportion, detailing and materials selection should provide a light, elegant
and contemporary character for the project.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Ensure that piers and headstock are visually integrated.
(b)
Ensure an integrated suite of pier shapes.
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4.6.3
CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(c)
Ensure piers are slender and elegant in proportion and appearance.
(d)
Align piers to minimise visual clutter at ground level.
(e)
Consider the architectural design of the piers and box truss as one, integrating proportions,
detailing and materials.
(f)
Avoid visible pile caps at the base of piers; rather take the piers directly into the ground hiding
the base and footings.
(g)
Consider the appearance and proportions of the piers in profile from all directions – when viewed
along the line of the local access roadway, from perpendicular cross streets and from adjacent
properties.
(h)
Consider the visual effect of void spaces created by piers when viewed at ground level.
Façades, Parapets and Barriers
Along with the supporting piers, the side elevation of the structure will be a dominant visual element of the
superstructure. Its visual prominence will be increased by the height of the carriageway above the adjacent areas
and its continuous, horizontal nature.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide an articulated design outcome that is visually ‘light’ within the urban landscape.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.4
(a)
Angle the top of structure parapets/barriers towards the roadside to direct rainwater onto the
bridge, avoiding staining on the outside face.
(b)
Parapet soffit must extend below the bridge deck soffit to hide any complex details.
(c)
Provide a neat and integrated connection between the parapet (including ends) and the bridge
structure.
(d)
Provide a neat and integrated connection between the safety barrier system and the parapet.
(e)
Articulate the lines and flat planes of the façades (for example, joints between panels) with other
sub- and super-structure elements, including columns, embankment walls and minor elements
such as barriers, noise walls and light poles.
(f)
Select natural materials not requiring external finishes so they do not require recoating or ongoing refinishing.
(g)
Consider the use of neutral background colours with more colour-rich lines and flat planes used
as accents. Give preference to the ‘earthy’ natural colours of the landscape rather than bolder
primary colours that may fade or date. Use primary colours only for accent or to express
particular architectural elements, lines or planes.
(h)
Only include artwork where it is an integral part of the overall composition.
(i)
Put equal design effort into the quality of fittings, joins and minor elements, so that they
compliment the architectural design of project.
(j)
Consider the proportions and scale of flat panels comprising walls, abutments and fascias.
Articulate the panels by join lines or other means to achieve architecturally satisfying
proportions.
(k)
Consider the length of the structure as one composition that may be broken up into differing parts
but which share common proportions, articulation, lines, forms and scale.
(l)
Include planting as an integral component of the overall composition, including the inclusion of
architectural plantings where these contribute positively to the overall visual effect and amenity.
Box Truss
The underside of the structure is an important visual plane that will be visible from adjacent areas. The shape and
finish of the box truss must be carefully designed and detailed to compliment the shape of other super-structure
elements.
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The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design of the box truss must contribute towards the overall architectural design outcome.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.5
(a)
Articulate the lines and flat planes of the underside with other and super-structure elements,
including barriers, piers, embankment walls and minor elements.
(b)
Conceal all service conduits, including electrical, water supply and stormwater. No conduits or
pipes should be visible unless these are visually integrated into the overall architectural
expression and aesthetics.
(c)
In determining the surface colour of the underside, consider the overall colour scheme for the
architectural elements of the project and provide complimentary colours and finishes to the
underside.
(d)
Ensure a clean, uncluttered appearance to the underside by articulating and proportioning
structural and cladding elements.
(e)
Consider the length of the structure as one composition that may be broken up into differing parts,
but which shows common proportions, articulation, lines, forms and scale.
(f)
Consider the use of long, smoothly tapered haunches that provide a continuously diminishing
width rather than short, abrupt haunches.
Minor Infrastructure Elements
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide an integrated architectural design for all minor road infrastructure elements.
(b)
Use materials and techniques that require low maintenance and are robust and durable.
(c)
Achieve an aesthetically pleasing design outcome that favours ‘simple’ clean lines and utilises
attractive and contemporary materials.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.6
(a)
Consider the view of the minor elements from adjacent areas as well as the view of these elements
from vehicles travelling along the structure.
(b)
Consider the relationship of minor elements to the road super-structure as well as to each other.
Achieve a consistent, integrated and visually cohesive design outcome.
(c)
Consider visually solid, transparent and translucent elements as a means of enclosing, blocking or
opening views from the structure.
(d)
Achieve consistency of materials, finishes and colours supporting the overall architectural design
objectives. This does not necessarily mean a sameness in the design of these elements, but rather a
consistency with an overall design approach that supports the architectural design objectives.
(e)
Ensure the junction between elements achieves an integrated design outcome – for example,
design noise barriers to visually integrate with the overall composition of the structure.
(f)
Utilise only low maintenance materials. Avoid external finishes that require on-going
maintenance.
(g)
Give preference to elements designed for this particular application, rather than universal design
solutions (for example, avoid the use of standard pool fencing).
Noise Barriers
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide noise barriers to achieve the required noise criteria at sensitive receivers.
(b)
Integrate noise barriers with other barriers to provide consistent heights and proportions.
The Technical Requirements include:
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(a)
4.6.7
CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
Meet all requirements for noise mitigation.
Reinforced Earth Walls and Retaining Walls
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design of reinforced earth walls must be integrated with urban design outcomes.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.8
(a)
Provide standardised formwork that can be replicated in the future.
(b)
Consider the visibility and exposure of vertical faces to users and the opportunity for public art in
place making
(c)
Provide wall surfaces and detailing that are consistent with the design intent and detailing of
other architectural elements.
(d)
Ensure surfaces do not provide hand or foot holds or roosting opportunities
Fencing
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design of fencing must be integrated with urban design outcomes.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.9
(a)
Provide consistent fencing types within the road reserve.
(b)
Maximise consistency of fencing for properties adjoining the road reserve.
(c)
Use of standard pool fencing should be avoided.
Gantries and Major Sign Structures
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design of gantries must be integrated with urban design outcomes.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
4.6.10
Provide high quality urban design detailing to permanent gantries for signage/ITS.
Lighting
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide a feature lighting design that enhances the appearance of the structure at night.
(b)
Use lighting to provide safety and security for pedestrians and cyclists.
(c)
Provide feature lighting to reinforce entry points and key features along the route for motorists.
(d)
Design of light poles must be integrated with urban design outcomes.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Select feature lighting that is energy efficient, utilising LED fittings where possible.
(b)
Carefully locate lighting to prevent ‘cluttering’ of the public realm and, where appropriate,
integrate with other elements such as barriers and piers.
(c)
Ensure light pole and luminaire proportions fit into the streetscape with minimal visual impact on
the streetscape character.
(d)
Provide direct light where required without ‘washing out’ or over-illuminating adjacent areas.
(e)
Locate light fittings in an integrated way with other architectural elements, providing regular
spacing and articulation.
(f)
Use robust, vandal resistance and low maintenance fittings.
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4.6.11
CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(g)
Ensure consistency in architectural expression by consideration of form, materials and colours of
light poles and fittings.
(h)
Light poles must be designed for ease of luminaire replacement.
(i)
Light poles must be designed for ease of replacement in the event of irreparable damage.
Field Cabinets
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design, colour, form and placement of field cabinets must be considered with respect to desired
urban design outcomes.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.6.12
(a)
Integrate cabinetry with street furniture and provide consistent materials, colours and finishes.
(b)
Integrate locations and footings with planting and other softscape surfaces.
Street Furniture
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide street furniture that contributes towards the successful functioning of the South Road
precinct at pedestrian scale, increasing amenity and supporting active use at street level.
(b)
Provide new street furniture including (but not limited to) seating, bins and bike racks.
The Technical Requirements include:
4.7
(a)
Carefully place street furniture to prevent ‘cluttering’ of the public realm.
(b)
Street furniture must fit into the streetscape with minimum visual impact on the streetscape
character.
(c)
Ensure robust construction and inclusion of skateboard deterrent features where appropriate to
reduce unnecessary maintenance costs.
(d)
Provide consistent architectural expression through consistency in form and materials.
(e)
Street furniture must be constructed of materials that are complimentary to the project
architecture.
(f)
Street furniture must be BCA and DDA approved.
(g)
Street furniture must be located within areas of high intensity public and recreational use e.g.
bench seats should be located at street level along the footpath/shared path to provide rest points
and viewpoints.
(h)
Street furniture must be positioned to reflect the recreational and community uses of the specific
site.
Materials, Colours and Finishes
The materials, colours and finishes selected for all infrastructure elements should enhance their character and
personality, and in doing so, improve the journey experience and the way the project integrates into the
surrounding area. Choice of materials should reflect and reinforce a local sense of place, a contemporary
appearance and preference for sustainable products.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Attain a high standard of architectural built form and detail.
(b)
Provide a high level of amenity for pedestrian environments.
(c)
Reinforce a contemporary character to the overall project that reflects a concern for good design.
(d)
Achieve robust, low maintenance finishes.
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The Technical Requirements include:
4.8
(a)
Select materials that together constitute a consistent palette that reinforce a local identity for the
project and express a contemporary architectural character.
(b)
Select materials for permanence and durability.
(c)
Select materials with an understanding of the effects of weathering over a period of time to ensure
an enduring high quality finish.
(d)
Use materials that weather in a manner that enhances the material and allows ongoing change
without reduction in the inherent qualities of the materials.
(e)
Select materials for low on-going maintenance. Utilise materials that do not require on-going
recoating or refinishing.
(f)
Select materials to provide a variety of visual, audible and tactile spatial experiences, particularly
when viewed at ground level.
(g)
Select materials for their low embodied energy and potential for future reuse or recycling.
(h)
Where materials are experienced close at hand, utilise materials such as timber to bring warmth
and a human tactile quality to key architectural elements.
(i)
Utilise materials that are not highly reflective to avoid glare or focused transfer of heat.
Public Art
Public art is considered an integral part of the road infrastructure, providing points of reference and interpretation
along the route. Public art contributes towards an enjoyable and memorable journey.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Integrate public art with the architectural design of the project.
(b)
Provide meaningful landmarks and reference points along the route.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Consider public art as a means of contributing towards the overall experience of travel,
integrating art, where possible, within items of road infrastructure (e.g. noise barriers, RE walls)
and as stand-alone commissioned pieces.
(b)
Design and select public art for its compatibility for purpose integrating with, and complimenting,
other urban design and architectural elements.
(c)
Design and select public art for its appropriateness to the urban context of the project - consider,
above all, sense of identity and ‘place’.
(d)
Ensure only robust and durable materials and finishes are used and that, overall, the public art
has no or low maintenance requirements.
(e)
Favour public art expressed elegantly and boldly, avoiding intricate or fussy designs.
(f)
Favour public art that is both contemporary and timeless.
5.
LANDSCAPING
5.1
General
Planting of the ground plane beneath and adjacent to the project will contribute towards the overall architectural
composition and assist in the visual integration of the project into its surroundings. Planting will contribute towards
character and sense of place, provide visual amenity and improve biodiversity.
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Compliment the physical structure of the structure and assist in its visual integration with the
adjacent urban area.
(b)
Provide amenity and usable open space in areas beneath and adjacent to the structure.
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The Technical Requirements include:
5.2
(a)
Utilise low maintenance techniques such as mulch and automatic drip irrigation. Select plant
species that have low irrigation requirements and do not require ongoing fertilising and pruning.
(b)
Only use species suited to the local soils and microclimates.
(c)
Give preference to the use of local native plants and species that are available from local
growers.
(d)
Utilise techniques that eliminate weed infestation including soil preparation and mulching.
(e)
Avoid over fussy or visually complex designs.
(f)
Favour controlled use of colour and foliage textures.
(g)
Consider seasonal differences and variety.
(h)
Include plants with distinctive form, foliage and colour where this contributes towards points of
identity and recognition, and an overall sense of place.
(i)
Consider ecological sustainability, biodiversity and habitat creation.
(j)
Minimise irrigation requirements through species selection, conditioning of site soils and the use
of mulches.
(k)
Select species for their ultimate height and growth habits. Only use species that will not become
‘woody’ over time and generally do not require pruning.
(l)
Do not select species that are vulnerable to being damaged from foot traffic in public areas.
(m)
Consider CPTED principles in the selection and location of plants.
Road Corridor Vegetation
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide an attractive, well-vegetated road reserve with landscape plantings appropriate for the
function, safety requirements and visual significance of the road corridor.
(b)
Landscape and urban design treatments must contribute to the rehabilitation and enhancement of
the existing environment and serve as a catalyst for the general improvement of areas adjacent to
the road corridor
The Technical Requirements include:
5.3
(a)
Landscape treatments must cover all off-road areas within the extent of site.
(b)
Consideration should be given to extending landscape treatments into the arterial and/or local
road network, if they will enhance the environmental outcomes or visual amenity of the project.
(c)
Maximise the use of low maintenance treatments and minimise the use of high maintenance
treatments.
(d)
Apply the aesthetic use of plant material to enhance precincts, gateways and views without
compromising safety, function or practicability of maintenance.
(e)
Provide for successional replacement and replenishment of landscape treatments (to account for
natural plant failure) as landscaped areas develop.
(f)
Landscape works must be maintained throughout the maintenance phase so that they satisfy the
required performance benchmarks at handover.
Swales, Detention Basins and Wetlands
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide Water Sensitive Urban Design solutions to filter and improve water quality and make
efficient use of natural rainfall for plant irrigation.
(b)
Provide dense macrophyte plantings to swales, detention basins and wetlands.
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(c)
Plantings must be specified and installed in a manner that will assist in stabilising soil, provide
habitat and capture contaminants.
(d)
Provide low maintenance treatments that consider weed, siltation, spill and trash management,
and provide maintenance access.
(e)
Provide control and holding zones to minimise the impact of chemical spills or harmful liquids
entering the water system.
(f)
Consider the movement of birds and animals from adjacent areas to water corridors.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.4
(a)
Drainage devices must be integrated into the landscape.
(b)
Vegetation densities and placement must not compromise drainage requirements.
(c)
Drainage design must provide berms and benches of sufficient area at depths that will allow for
the establishment of macrophytes.
(d)
Consider use of natural and rock surfacing to direct water flows and slow water velocity.
(e)
Integrate pits and junctions with planting at appropriate heights and densities to maintain flow.
(f)
Direct water to planting areas for natural filtration.
Batters
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Design of batters must be integrated with landscape and urban design outcomes
The Technical Requirements include:
5.5
(a)
Fill embankment batter gradients must not exceed 1:2 where dependent on vegetation for surface
stabilisation.
(b)
Smooth tapered transitions must be provided between earthworks (including cuttings and
embankments) and existing landform.
(c)
Hinge points at top and bottom of cuttings and embankments must be rounded off.
(d)
Install appropriate erosion control devices and landscape treatments to maintain slope mass and
surface stability.
(e)
Provide necessary soil stability and amelioration treatments required for successful establishment
of vegetation.
Medians and Splitter Islands
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Integrate all ground surface treatments, clearly defining trafficable and non-trafficable areas and
those accessible by pedestrians and cyclists.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.6
(a)
Provide hard surfaces on medians and splitter islands less than 2.0 m wide.
(b)
Provide trafficable materials that will withstand maintenance and emergency vehicles.
(c)
Consider opportunities for Water Sensitive Urban Design, particularly the collection of
stormwater run-off into swales and bio-remediation pits.
(d)
Where ‘soft’ surfaces are used, provide edges to contain the material.
(e)
Provide ‘hard’ surfaces for pedestrian and cycle paths, or where surface stormwater flows are
likely to cause erosion.
Rehabilitate Disturbed Areas
The Design Criteria include:
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CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
Stabilise, restore and enhance disturbed areas as early as possible throughout the construction
period.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.7
(a)
Use only native species and prioritise the use of local species.
(b)
Use species that will establish readily in disturbed areas and will tolerate the new site conditions
(e.g. increased shade from structure and decreased rainfall beneath).
(c)
Minimise the transfer and introduction of undesirable plant species during earthworks and
rehabilitation activities.
(d)
Disturbed and/or newly created riparian zones (including wetlands and drains) must be returned
to conditions suitable for recolonisation of riparian species, including recontouring of bank
profiles to create necessary habitat conditions relative to water levels.
Mitigate Negative Sensory Impacts
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Mitigate potential negative visual and noise impacts on the locality and/or the project works.
(b)
Minimise incompatibilities of treatments between the road corridor and adjoining land uses.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.8
(a)
Mitigate visual impacts into and out of the road corridor with landscape treatments such as
screening/buffer plantings and mounding, and urban design features such as fences or noise
barriers.
(b)
Consult adjoining property owners to integrate landscape and urban design treatments with
existing and proposed developments.
Mitigate Environmental Impacts
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide landscape and urban design treatments that mitigate environmental impacts on the
locality.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.9
(a)
Maintain or improve water quality by designing landscape treatments that treat storm water
before discharge into the Barker Inlet Wetlands.
(b)
Wetland plantings in drainage and sediment control devices must provide habitat and assist in
meeting water quality requirements.
(c)
Minimise habitat pollution (from materials such as oil, fuel, cement, bitumen, solvent and cleaning
agent contaminants, pesticides, fertilisers and road runoff) through the provision of
temporary/permanent detention basins and vegetation buffers.
Community Considerations
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide landscape and urban design treatments that address the commercial/industrial and
community interests of the region.
(b)
Minimise adverse effects on the local character, lifestyles, economies and property values.
(c)
Select and use landscape and urban design treatments that will not become dated over time.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
Provide vegetation screens and buffers at interfaces with sensitive land uses.
(b)
Implement ‘classic’ design treatments that provide a level of enduring community appeal and
status over time.
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CSTR: Part D37 Design – Urban & Landscaping Design
(c)
Provide opportunities for stakeholder/community participation in the development of landscape
and urban design themes and treatments.
(d)
Ensure landscape and urban design treatments involving public art are well coordinated to avoid
inconsistency of themes/messages and coordinate details including colours, textures and finishes.
Maintenance
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
Provide landscape treatments that will become self-sustaining over time and are cost effective
with regard to ongoing maintenance.
(b)
Provide urban design treatments that are durable and require minimal maintenance and
refurbishment over time.
(c)
Provide for easy replacement of urban design components in the event of non-recoverable
damage – consider this at the design stage.
(d)
Provide landscape and urban design treatments that incorporate Prudent Industry Practice for
Anti-graffiti.
The Technical Requirements include:
5.11
(a)
Urban design materials and components must be weatherproof and UV resistant with a minimum
20-year design life.
(b)
Metal structural components, fixings, fasteners etc. must use corrosion resistant materials,
manufacturing processes and/or finishes.
(c)
Paint finishes must have a minimum 10-year design life.
(d)
If colour is required, use painted colour treatment for concrete structures, rather than integrated
colour additives, whilst maintaining urban design intent.
(e)
All urban design treatments and construction materials must be robustly designed to deter and
minimise the effects of vandalism. The design must provide surface finishes and treatments (e.g.
paint, anti-graffiti coatings) that can be easily and efficiently maintained whilst still maintaining
the urban design intent.
(f)
Provide free-draining finishes and detailing that minimises water ponding sites that create
potential for chemical, mould and dirt staining.
(g)
Materials and finishes must be resistant to dust adherence.
(h)
Materials and finishes must be resistant to cleaning fluids and procedures.
(i)
The design, materials and finish of urban design treatments must provide accessibility and ease of
mechanical cleaning procedures.
(j)
Urban design detailing must minimise potential for creating litter traps.
(k)
Metal security grilles/cages must be provided to protect all lighting that has the potential to be
vandalised.
(l)
Provide concrete or gravel mowing strips where grass areas abut landscape planting areas.
(m)
Minimise grass areas that require slashing/mowing.
(n)
Where grassing is provided, ensure the area is not steeper than 1:3 and select low
growing/creeping grass species.
(o)
Avoid narrow strips of vegetation in and around guard rail, noses of medians and splitter islands
and fencing alignments. Median and splitter island areas narrower than 2m should be treated as
hardstand (paving, concrete, asphalt or crushed rock).
Maintenance Access Requirements
The Design Criteria include:
(a)
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(b)
Project works must be designed to permit maintenance activities to be carried out without
endangering maintenance crews and road users with minimal disruption to traffic flows.
The Technical Requirements include:
(a)
6.
Provide permanent off-road maintenance areas/tracks for critical areas requiring ongoing
maintenance including landscaping, drains, sedimentation ponds, structures and services.
RECORDS
The following records must be provided to the Principal:
Drawings
Construction drawings which at a minimum:
(a)
show existing vegetation which is to remain after completion of the works differentiated from
proposed new plantings/direct seeding;
(b)
be of sufficient detail to fully communicate the intent of the proposed Final Landscape and Urban
Design, including location and form of all landscape and urban design features;
(c)
include typical cross sections and perspective drawings; and
(d)
be clear and easily interpretable, including indications of views and vistas, and must be suitable for
public display.
As constructed drawings.
Reports
Design reports must be provided at the completion of notional 30% (concept) design and Final Design,
which at a minimum include:
(a)
the Landscape and Urban Design philosophy, criteria and recommendations;
(b)
the Landscape Management Plan;
(c)
a provisional list of plant and direct seeding species; and
(d)
a provisional list of quantities.
The records must comply with the requirements of the DPTI Landscape Guidelines.
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