Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 3
Particles in Motion
Directions: Each of the sentences below is false. Make the sentence true by replacing the underlined word(s) with
a term from the list below. Write your changes on the lines provided.
conduction
radiation
thermal insulator
convection
sublime
vaporization
equilibrium
temperature
heat
thermal conductor
1. When the temperatures of materials that are in contact are
the same, the materials are said to be in thermal convection.
2. To change from a solid state to a gas state without passing
through the liquid state is to radiate.
3. The change of state from a liquid to a gas is called
conduction.
4. The material that makes up a pot’s handle is a(n) thermal
conductor.
5. Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction,
convection, and vaporization.
6. The metal that makes up a pot is a(n) equilibrium.
7. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions
between particles in matter.
8. The movement of thermal energy from a warm bottle of
water to the cool air in a refrigerator is called temperature.
9. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles
from one part of a material to another is conduction.
10. The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
in a material is sublimation.
46
Using Energy and Heat
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 3
Particles in Motion
A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. The transfer of
energy depends on the movement
of
in the material.
2. The kinetic
of matter explains how particles move.
a.
make up all matter.
b. Particles are in
, random motion.
c. Particles constantly
with each other and with the
walls of their container.
3.
is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a material.
a. If the particles in a material have little kinetic energy, the material
feels
.
b. The SI unit for temperature is
.
c. Another temperature unit often used by scientists is
4.
.
is the increase in volume that a material undergoes
when its
increases.
a. At higher temperatures, the particles in matter move
requiring more
,
because they collide more often,
pushing each other apart.
is the decrease in a material’s volume when
b.
its
5.
decreases.
energy is transferred from one material to another one
when their particles
6.
.
is the movement of thermal energy from a region of
temperature to a region of
temperature.
7. Materials are said to be in
materials that are touching are
Using Energy and Heat
when the temperatures of
.
47
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
B. Heat Transfer
1.
is the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions
between particles in matter.
2.
is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic
waves.
3.
is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement
of the particles from one part of a material to another.
C. Heat and Changes of State
1. When thermal energy is added to solid ice, its temperature
to
until it starts to
water.
, changing
2. When thermal energy is removed from liquid water, its temperature
changing to
until it starts to
ice.
,
3. When thermal energy is added to liquid water, its temperature
changing to
until it starts to
water.
,
4. When thermal energy is removed from a gas, it changes to a(n)
through a process called
5.
.
occurs when a solid absorbs energy and changes
directly to a gas without first becoming a(n)
.
6.
first becoming a(n)
occurs when a gas changes directly to a solid without
.
D. Conductors and Insulators
1. Thermal energy moves quickly in a thermal
2. Thermal energy moves slowly in a thermal
48
.
.
Using Energy and Heat
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 3
Particles in Motion
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
1. What must happen to the temperature of a material for thermal expansion to occur?
2. What do all materials, except water, do when they are cooled?
3. What happens to the volume of a material during thermal contraction?
4. What is all matter made up of?
5. What causes the transfer of thermal energy between particles during conduction?
6. What is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves called?
7. What causes the transfer of thermal energy during convection?
8. What is an example of a change of state for a gas?
9. At what general speed does thermal energy move through a thermal insulator?
50
Using Energy and Heat
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Particles in Motion
Key Concept What is the kinetic theory of matter?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
may be used more than once or not at all.
Celsius (°C)
container
dense
Fahrenheit (°F)
kinetic energy
motion
particles
solids
temperatures
volume
thermal contraction
water
thermal energy
thermal expansion
1. How thermal energy transfers in materials depends on the movement
of
in the materials.
2. The SI unit for temperature is kelvin (K), but many scientists also use
to measure temperature.
3. Heat is the movement of
from a region of higher
temperature to a region of lower temperature.
4. The increase in volume that a material undergoes when its temperature increases is
called
.
5. Thermal equilibrium occurs when the
of materials that are
in contact are the same.
6. The volume that a material occupies decreases when the temperature of a material
decreases. This is called
.
7. Almost all materials except
contract when cooled.
8. Kinetic molecular theory is based on the knowledge that all matter is made up of
, that particles are in constant
and that particles collide with each other and the walls of any
.
9. Ice floats on water because it is less
than water.
10. Particles that move faster occupy more
higher
11. Slower-moving particles occupy less
,
and have
.
than faster-moving
particles.
Using Energy and Heat
55
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Particles in Motion
Key Concept What is the kinetic theory of matter?
Directions: Complete the cause-and-effect chart with the correct information on the lines provided.
Cause
Effect
The particles in a material
move in different directions
and at different speeds.
1. The particles have
The temperature increases.
2. The particles in the material move
.
.
The temperatures of materials
that are in contact are the
same.
3. The materials are in
The temperature of a material
decreases.
4. The volume that the material
occupies
Water molecules collide with
molecules in a bottle containing
water.
5. The collisions transfer kinetic energy from the
water to the
.
Molecules move faster.
6. The average kinetic energy of the
molecules
The average thermal energy of
a material increases.
.
56
.
7. The temperature
.
You pick up a cold glass of milk. 8. Heat moves from your hand to
the
Water is cooled near its
freezing point.
.
.
9. Interactions among water molecules push the
molecules
.
Using Energy and Heat
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Particles in Motion
Key Concept In what three ways is thermal energy transferred?
Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. What is conduction?
2. Identify two places where conduction transfers thermal energy in the diagram.
3. What is convection?
4. Identify where convection transfers thermal energy in the diagram.
5. What is radiation?
6. Identify two places where radiation transfers thermal energy in the diagram.
Class
LESSON 3