Art 1 – Study Guide 10 Early Medieval Art in the West
Chapter 16
Chronology
Barbarian: 400-800, Carolingian: 800-950, Ottonian: 950-1050
Works
Purse Cover, Gold, glass, enamel cloisonné with garnets and emeralds. Sutton Hoo ship burial in
Suffolk, England, c. 625
Wooden Portal of stave church at Urnes, Norway c. 1050-1070.
Cross and Carpet page Lindisfarne Gospels, Tempera on vellum. Northumbria, England,
c. 698-721.
Saint Matthew, folio 25 V from the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England c. 698-721.
Chi Rho Iota page from Book of Kells, probably from Iona Scotland, c. 793
High Cross of Muiredach at Monasterboice, Ireland. 923.
San Juan Bautista, Banos de Cerrato, Spain, 661.
Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne or Charles the Bald, Metz, Germany, 9th century.
Saint Matthew, from the Ebbo Gospels, Hautvillers, France, c. 816-835.
Crucifixion from the cover of the Lindau Gospels, from Saint Gall, Switzerland, c. 870
Odo of Metz, Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany, 792 – 805.
Schematic Plan of monastery of St. Gall, Switzerland, c. 819
Abby church, Corvey, Germany 873-885
http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_aj2297_b.jpg
or St. Pantaleon, Cologne, Germany, 966-980.
Saint Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany, 961-973 or
http://www.ottonenzeit.de/musik/Gernrode/gernrode.htm
St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, c. 1001-1031.
Doors with relief panels, bronze, St. Michael’s Church, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015.
Gero Crucifix, painted wood, Cologne Cathedral, c. 970.
Otto III Enthroned from Gospel Book of Otto III. Tempera on vellum. Trier, Germany, 9971000.
Vocabulary
Mozarabic
Animal style
Westwork
Fibula
Bernward
Feudalism
Monasticism
Alternate support system
Ottonian
Carolingian
Ottonian
Pier
Renovatio Romae
Beowulf
Cloisonné
Hiberno-Saxon
feudalism
Early Medieval Europe Study Questions
1. Describe the similarities and differences between San Vitale in Ravenna and the Palace
Chapel at Aachen. What is the reason for the similarities? What are the dates?
2. What were the effects on art of the conversion of the Germanic tribes to Christianity? Supply
specific examples with dates.
3. How would you summarize the role of Charlemagne in Northern Europe, referring specifically
to his cultural and artistic efforts; what were the lasting results? Give two examples and dates.
4. The most important patrons of art during the Early Medieval period were the nobility and the
clergy. Why was this? Select at least two examples of each category to describe them and
discuss their styles. Include the dates!
5. Explain the significance for the subsequent development of Northern European church
architecture the plan of St. Gall and the church of St. Michael at Hildesheim. Compare them and
give their dates.
Study Guide #11 Romanesque
Chapter 17
Works
St. Sernin in Toulouse, France 1070-1120
Bernardus Gelduinus, Christ in Majesty, ambulatory relief in St. Sernin, ca. 1096
Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany 1030-1106.
St. Ambrogio in Milan, Italy late 11th – early 12th c.
Pisa Cathedral, Pisa, Italy begun 1063
Saint-Etienne, Caen, France, begun 1067
Cluny III, Cluny, France, 1088-1130
Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, begun ca. 1093
The Romanesque church portal: Tympanum, archivolts, voussoirs, jambs, trumeau, lintel
Wiligelmo Creation and Temptation of Adam and Eve. Modena Cathedral, c. 1110. marble
Gislebertus Last Judgement, Cathedral of St. Lazare west tympanum, Autun, France, 1120-1135
Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles, La Madelaine, Vezelay, France, 1120-1132.
The Second Coming (Christ in Majesty), Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, ca. 1115-1135
Cistercian abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, France, 1139-1147
Madonna and Child, Auvergne, France wood, c. 1150
Reliquary of St. Alexander, Stavelot Abbey, Belgium. Silver, gilt bronze, gems,
enamel, 17” H. dated 1145
Christ in Majesty, apse fresco from Santa Maria del Mur, Spain c. 1150 ,22 x 24’
Eadwine the Scribe at Work from the Eadwine Psalter, England. ink and tempera
on vellum ca. 1160-1170
Bayeux Tapestry. Bayeux Cathedral, France c. 1070-1080. 20” x 230’
Vision of Hildegard of Bingen facsimile of lost folio from Scivias (Know the Way).
Completed c. 1151
Vocabulary
Trumeaux
Tympanum
Choir
William the Conqueror
Gislebertus
Bayeux Tapestries
Mandorla
Flying buttress
Tribune
Radiating chapel
Six partite vaulting
Crusades
Cistercian
Archivolt
Ambulatory
Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153)
Romanesque Study Questions
1. Compare the roofing of the nave and aisles in St. Michael’s at Hildesheim, St. Sernin at
Toulouse, and Durham Cathedral.
2. What are the symbols of the four evangelists? Give a specific dated example of their
occurrence in art.
3. What effect did the Norman Conquest have on the art of England? Explain and give a specific
dated example.
4.Why were ambulatories popular in pilgrimage churches? Explain and give a specific dated
example.
5. What is meant by a groin vault? How does it differ from a ribbed vault? Give specific dated
examples of each.
6. What is meant by the Last Judgement in Christian iconography? Why was it so popular
during the Romanesque period, particularly in France?
7. How do the topics of religious art mirror the specific historical and social situations of the
Church during both the Early and High Middle Ages? Discuss using well-described dated
examples from sculpture, painting and mosaics.
8. Describe the major differences between and Early Christian basilica (St. Peter’s) and a
Romanesque church (St. Sernin.) What are the most important ideas or motivations behind the
changes? Be specific and give dates.
Study Guide 12 GOTHIC
Chapter 18
Chronology: Early Gothic 1145-1200
High Gothic 1200-1300
Late Gothic 1300-1500
Regional styles: France, England, Holy Roman Empire
Works
Abbey church, Saint-Denis, Ambulatory and radiating chapels. France, 1140-1144
Royal Portals, Chartres Cathedral, west facade 1140-50
Exterior, Notre Dame de Paris 1163
Rose Window, Chartres Cathedral 1220
Old testament kings and queen, jamb statues, central doorway, Royal Portal, Chartres, 11451155 (naturalism, three dimensional volumes attached to columns)
Laon Cathedral, begun c. 1190. Pointed arches resting on ribbed vaults, triforium
Saints Martin, Jerome and Gregory, Porch of the Confessors, Chartres Cathedral c. 1220
Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, Renaud de Cormont, Amiens Cathedral, begun 1220
Visitation, Rheims Cathedral, ca. 1230
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1243-1248
Virgin of Paris, Notre Dame, Paris 1320s
House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. 1395-1456
God as the Architect of the World, ink, tempera, gold leaf, on vellum. Paris, ca. 1220-1230
Jean Pucelle, David before Saul, Belleville Breviary, ca. 1325. Ink and tempera on vellum.
The Castle of Love and Knights Jousting, ivory and iron lid of jewelry box 4 ½ x 9 ¾ “
Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England 1220-1258 decorated style
Tomb of Edward II, Gloucester Cathedral, England ca. 1330-1335
Cologne Cathedral begun 1248
Church of Saint Elizabeth, Marburg, Germany 1235-1283, hall church
Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg Cathedral, painted limestone ca. 1249-1255
Bamberg Rider, c. 1235-1240 sandstone. Bamberg Cathedral, Germany
Röttgen Pieta, c. 1300-1325. Rhineland, Germany, painted wood.
Nicholas of Verdun, Shrine of the Three Kings, ca. 1190, Cologne Cathedral, Germany
Vocabulary
Archivolt
Elegant style
Flamboyant Gothic
Mariology
Perpendicular Gothic
Triforium
Abbot Sugar
Hall Church
Ile de France
Rayonnant style
Theme of Chivalrous Knight and His Lady
in the Castle
Fan vaults
Use textbook vocabulary for the Gothic
Cathedral
Gothic Study Questions
1. What is generally believed to have been the purpose of the sculptural programs of the portals
of the great Gothic cathedrals? How did these programs differ from the sculptural programs of
the Romanesque portals?
2. Assess the role of light in Gothic architecture from the point of view both of symbolism and
structure.
3. How did the “poetry of love” or romance literature, influence the luxury arts? Support your
essay with specific examples.
4.Contrast Chartres Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral. How does each reflect its regional style?
Which elements are similar and which are different and why?