Chapter 18 Outline
I.
II.
Nutrition and Chronic Diseases
Heart Disease and Strokes
A.
B.
C.
III.
How Atherosclerosis Develops
1.
Plaques develop
2.
Blood clots form
3.
Blood pressure rises
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
1.
High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol
2.
Hypertension
3.
Diabetes
4.
Smoking
5.
Male, 45 years and older
6.
Female, 55 years or older
Recommendations for Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk
1.
Cholesterol screening
2.
Population goals
3.
Control weight
4.
Reduce fat, especially saturated fat
5.
Other fats
6.
Other dietary interventions
7.
Physical activity
8.
Drug therapy
Hypertension
A.
B.
Blood Pressure Regulation
1.
Arteries
2.
Blood volume
3.
Kidneys
How Hypertension Develops
1.
Obesity
C.
D.
IV.
2.
Insulin resistance
3.
Consequences of hypertension
Risk Factors for Hypertension
1.
Smoking
2.
High blood lipids
3.
Diabetes
4.
Gender
5.
Age
6.
Heredity
7.
Obesity
8.
Race
Recommendations for Reducing Hypertension Risk
1.
Weight control
2.
Physical activity
3.
Alcohol
4.
Sodium/salt intake
5.
DASH eating plan
6.
Drug therapy
Cancer
A.
B.
How Cancer Develops
1.
Genetic factors
2.
Immune factors
3.
Environmental factors
4.
Dietary factors-cancer initiators
5.
Dietary factors-cancer promoters
6.
Dietary factors-antipromoters
Recommendations for Reducing Cancer Risk
1.
Plant-based foods
2.
Healthy weight and physical activity
3.
Alcohol in moderation
V.
B.
VII.
Prepare and store foods safe
6.
No tobacco use
Types
1.
Type I diabetes
2.
Type II diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
1.
Diseases of the large blood vessels
2.
Diseases of the small blood vessels
3.
Diseases of the nerves
Dietary Recommendations for Type I Diabetes
D.
Dietary Recommendations for Type II Diabetes
Recommendations for Chronic Diseases
A.
Population
B.
Individuals
C.
Each Individual
Nutrition and Infectious Diseases
B.
IX.
5.
C.
A.
VIII.
Foods low in fat and salt
Diabetes Mellitus
A.
VI.
4.
The Immune System
1.
Phagocytes
2.
Lymphocytes: B-Cells
3.
Lymphocytes: T-Cells
Nutrition and Immunity
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
A.
How AIDS Develops
B.
The HIV Wasting System
C.
Nutrition Support for People with HIV Infections
Highlight: Complimentary and Alternative Medicine
A.
Defining Alternative Medicine
B.
Sound Research, Loud Controversy
C.
1.
Placebo effect
2.
Risks versus benefits
3.
Funds and findings
Herbal Medicines
1.
Herbal traditions
2.
Herbal precautions
a.
Herb identification
b.
Purity of herbal preparations
c.
Appropriate uses and contraindications
d.
Safe doses
e.
Interactions with medicines and other herbs
f.
Adverse reactions and toxicity levels
D.
Internet Precautions
E.
The Consumer's Perspective