11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its
role as a world power in the twentieth century.
RUSH Reading Ch. 10 Chapter 10 America Claims an Empire
Pages 340-369
Chapter 10 Section 1 “Imperialism and America”
Pages 342-345
1. Do you think Imperialism was an appropriate desire on the part of the US at the turn
of the century (1900)?
2. Global competition, why did American want to control foreign lands?
3. Do you think Admiral Alfred T. Mahan’s ideas about Naval power are still valid
today? Explain.
4. How did Hawaii become a part of the United States?
5. According to the text what was the main purpose for Imperialism?
6. What should we know about Alaska?
7. Identify three topics that you would like to discuss from the section you’ve read.
What do you find interesting about them?
Chapter 10 Section 2 “The Spanish American War”
Pages 346-351
1. Read this section and outline the important aspects of the Spanish American War.
2. Identify three discussion topics regarding the Spanish American War. Why are
these topics particularly important to discuss?
3. Debate over the Treaty of Paris, why did some people not want the Annexation of the
Philippines?
4. Summarize the Cartoon on page 351.
Chapter 10 Section 3 “Acquiring New Lands”
Pages 352-358
1. Summarize issues regarding Puerto Rico including the Foraker Act.
2. Are people in Puerto Rico American Citizens?
3. Did the United States have any role in Cuba after the war?
4. Outline the story of the Filipino Rebels.
5. Outline the Boxer Rebellion.
Chapter 10 Section 4 “America As a World Power”
Pages 359-365
1. How was the creation of the country of Panama suspicious that the US “stole” the
land?
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt win a Nobel Prize?
3. Many people in Latin America claim that the United States has a history of
interfering in the affairs of Latin countries. Is this true? Use details from the reading
to prove your point.
4. Do you think Roosevelt was correct in creating the “Big Stick Policy” and the
Roosevelt Corollary?
5. Was President Wilson justified in sending troops to fight Pancho Villa? Explain.
6. Economic Imperialism is the use of economic power to control foreign countries.
Elements of economic imperialism include the use of: loans, business investments,
buying lands, bribery, opening businesses and factories. This was also called “Dollar
Diplomacy.”? Do you think economic imperialism causes countries to follow US
instructions and implement American interests?
Key Terms To Know and Memorize
Early American Imperialism
US and China
American Diplomacy TR, Taft,
1. Americans Want Hawaii
38. Open Door Policy
Wilson
2. Sanford Dole
1899-1900
55. The Monroe Doctrine
3. Pearl Harbor
Purposes
56. The Roosevelt Corollary
4. Queen LiliuokalaniEffects
57. “Speak softly and carry a
5. Annexation
39. China at the End of 19th
big stick”
6. Social Darwinism
Century
58. Big Stick Policy
7. Secretary of State William
40. Spheres of Influence
59. Central America,
Seward
41. President William
Caribbean,
8. Seward’s Folly
McKinley
60. President William Howard
9. Admiral Alfred T. Mahan42. Secretary of State John
Taft 1908-1912
Imperialism
Hay
61. Dollar Diplomacy
10. President William McKinley
43. Boxer Rebellion 1900
62. President Woodrow
44. “Society of Devine
Wilson 1912-1920
Spanish American War
11. Jose MartiFists”
63. Moral
12. Yellow JournalismDiplomacy/Missionary
Panama and the US
13. William Randolph Hearst45. 1901 President
Diplomacy14. Joseph PulitzerTheodore Roosevelt
64. Mexican Revolution
15. De Lome Letter
takes office
65. Porfirio Díaz
16. USS Maine
46. Russo-Japanese War
66. Francisco Madero 191117. “Remember the Maine”
1904-06
67. 1912 General Victoriano
18. US Attacks Philippines
47. Treaty of Portsmouth
Huerta –
19. Commodore George Dewey
1906
68. US Intervention in Mexico
20. US Invades Cuba
48. Nobel Peace Prize
69. Occupation of Vera Cruz
21. Theodore Roosevelt49. Gentlemen’s
70. Venustiano Carranza 191522. “Rough Riders”,
Agreement (link)
Wilson recognized this
23. “San Juan Hill”
50. Panama Canalgovernment
24. Treaty of Paris:
51. Philippe Bunau-Varilla
71. Francisco “Pancho” Villa
25. Puerto Rico
52. Colombia
72. Emiliano Zapata
26. Guam
53. Panamanian
73. General John J. Pershing
27. Philippines
“Revolution”
28. Teller Amendment (pre-war)
54. Roosevelt and the
29. Platt AmendmentPanama Canal30. Protectorate
31. Anti-Imperialist League
32. Grover Cleveland
33. Mark Twain
34. Andrew Carnegie
35. Jane Addams
36. Philippine Insurgency
37. Emilio Aguinaldo
Background Ideas:
 America is growing power militarily and economically
 Industrial Power- producing large amounts of goods in factories
 Most leading countries in the world have colonies that support trade and
economic development example: Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Germany,
Italy, Russia, Japan
 Imperialism (one country controlling another) is considered a very appropriate
and popular use of power
 Beginning in the late 19th Century 1880s United States is late in the competition
for colonies and the focus is the Pacific
 American Business leaders support trade and acquiring territory in order to sell
more American goods
 Politicians in the US support trade and acquiring territory
 US gains territory in the Pacific
 Hawaii, and Samoa are acquired first
 Philippines and Guam are acquired from Spanish American War
Notes:
Americans Want Hawaii
Hawaii- American business interests
Sanford Dole- plantation owner, sugar and pineapple
Pearl Harbor
Good for stopping point of American Ships on way to China
Queen Liliuokalani- Queen of Hawaii
Leading American Imperialist:
William Seward Secretary of State for President Lincoln late President Johnson
Purchased Alaska 1867 from Russians for 7.2 Million
Seward’s Folly
Admiral Alfred T, Mahan- advocate the creation of strong Navy to support
Imperialism
President William McKinley supports annexation of Hawaii
President during the Spanish American War
Assassinated by anarchist in 1901
Spanish American War
Chapter 10 Section 2 “The Spanish American War”
Pages 346-351
Basics:
Jose MartiCuban nationalist wanted Cuba to be independent from Spain
Was afraid of United States control of Cuba
Yellow JournalismWilliam Randolph HearstPublisher of newspapers, supported war with Spain
New York Journal
Joseph PulitzerPublisher of newspapers, supported war with Spain
De Lome Letter- Spanish minister to US wrote a letter criticizing McKinley
Published in Yellow Press
Angers Americans and more support for war
USS Maine Explodes-
US blames Spain, really an accident, “Remember the Maine”
US Declares War
US Attacks Philippines
Commodore George Dewey
US Invades Cuba
Theodore RooseveltVolunteers, creates his own cavalry unit the “Rough Riders”, fights in Cuba,
becomes a hero charging up “San Juan Hill”
Treaty of Paris: Americans Win, take Puerto Rico, Guam,
Platt Amendment- to the Cuban Constitution
Limits the independence of Cuba
Making Treaties with other countries
Allowing the right of the US to intervene in Cuba
Limiting Cuba’s ability to go into Debt
Allowing US to create naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo)
ProtectorateUS takes the responsibility of maintaining Cuba’s independence and has some
control in Cuba
Philippines
Filipinos Rebel against the US control
US does not allow Philippines Independence
US controls Philippines as a colonyTo be given independence when the Filipinos are ready for independence
Insurgency war is fought 20,000 Filipinos killed, 4,000 Americans
Emilio Aguinaldo- Filipino Rebel Leader
Anti-Imperialist League
Some Americans are against Imperialism:
William Jennings Bryan
Democrat, presidential candidate
Grover Cleveland
Former president
Mark Twain
Author and commentator
Andrew Carnegie
Industrialist, capitalist, Philanthropist
Jane Addams
Progressive Social Worker,
Activity:
Nationalist Voice: Puerto Rico
To the people of the USA:
"You, citizens of a free fatherland, with its own laws, its own institutions, and its own
flag, can appreciate the unhappiness of the small and solitary people that must await its
laws from your authority…. When you acquire the certainty that you can found in Puerto
Rico a republic like that founded in Cuba and Panama… give us our independence and
you will stand before humanity as…. A great creator of new nationalities and a great
liberator of oppressed peoples."
From: Luis Munoz Rivera (Puerto Rican Businessman and Patriot)
Write a letter as an American Voter.
What would you say to this person to either criticize or justify American foreign policy
toward weak countries?
Chapter 10 Section 3 “Acquiring New Lands” (pg 356-357)
Open Door Policy 1899-1900
Purposes
Effects
China 19th Century
Weak
Divided
Trade is important for China- lots of Natural Resources
Spheres of Influence
European powers and Japan control areas both politically and for trade
purposes
Germany
France
England
Japanese
Americans
Americans want to strengthen and improve their holdings
American don’t want to be excluded from all parts of China
William McKinley President
John Hay is the Secretary of State creates the Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy says:
Starts as Open Door Notes
There should be free trade in China
No power should be excluded from trade in all parts of China
Boxer Rebellion 1900
“Society of Devine Fists”
Chinese nationalists respond to foreign influence by attacking foreigners
Results of Open Door
Not much change
China still weak
US is becoming stronger nation
11. 4.3 Discuss America’s role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the
Panama Canal.
Chapter 10 Sec 4 “America as a World Power” pages 359-365
1901 President Theodore Roosevelt takes office when McKinley was assassinated
Russo-Japanese War 1904-06
Treaty of Portsmouth
1906 Nobel Peace Prize
Gentlemen’s Agreement (link)
Panama Canal- French planned to shorten route to Asia from Europe and the East of
America… Philippe Bunau-Varilla French engineer and part of a company convinced TR
to support the idea of a Canal in Panama.
Colombia – resisted America’s desire to create a canal in Panama
Panamanian “Revolution” US sends Warships to support a US backed independence
movement against Colombia.
Roosevelt and the Panama Canal- decides to Build the Canal- 1904-1914, $380 million
dollars, 43,000 workers 5,600 people died.
11.4.4 Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar
Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant
speeches.
Chapter 10 Sec 4 America as a World Power
The Monroe Doctrine
The Roosevelt Corollary
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Big Stick Policy
Central America, Caribbean,
President William Howard Taft 1908-1912
Dollar Diplomacy
President Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920
Moral Diplomacy/Missionary Diplomacy- Wilson pressured Latin American
governments to create democratic countries, by not offering recognition to immoral
governments
Mexican Revolution
Porfirio Díaz
Francisco Madero 1911- deposed Diaz
1912 General Victoriano Huerta – took over from and kills Madero and Wilson refused
to recognize the new government.
US Intervention in Mexico
Occupation of Vera Cruz- causes the Huerta regime to fal
Venustiano Carranza 1915- Wilson recognized this government
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Emiliano Zapata
General John J. Pershing