NAMASTE
OHAIYO GOJAIMASU
SALUTATION
FROM
KINGDOM
OF
HIMALAYAS
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
0
Kathmandu Metropolitan City
at a glance

Founded

Location : 27° 42' North latitude
: Tenth Century by Gunakama Dev
85° 20' East longitude

Altitude
: 1,350 meters (above sea level)

Area
: 51.3 Sq. Km.

Climate
: Sub-tropical cool temperate
Maximum 35.6°C (April)
Minimum –3°C (January)

Annual rain fall
: 1407 mm (most of it during June–August)

Average humidity
: 75 percent

Population
: 671, 846 (3 percent of national population – census 2001)
Growth Rate
: 4.64%

Number of households: 1,52,155 (a.p.d. 175.7 per hector)

Major religions

Principal Languages : Nepali, Newari
(English is understood and spoken by general public)

World Heritage Sites : Durbar Square (Hanuman Dhoka), Swoyambhunath, Pashupatinath,
Bouddha Nath

Main economic activities : Trade, tourism, carpets, garments, cottage industries
: Hinduism, Buddism
Trade
– 21%
Manufacture
– 19%
Agriculture
– 9%
Education
– 6%
Transport
– 6%
Hotels & Restaurants – 5%

Educational Institutions : 23 Colleges
98 Higher Secondary Schools
50 Lower Secondary Schools
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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236 Primary Schools
110 Pre-primary Schools

Literacy rate
: 83 Percent

Health Services
: 50 hospitals and Nursing homes
23 KMC run Urban Health Clinics

Total length of roads
: 1036 Km. (Blacktopped – 31%, Graveled – 16%, Earthen –
26%, Others – 27%)

Airport
: Tribhuvan International Airport (1,816,105 travelers pass
through TIA annually)

Existing Land use distribution :

Residential (High density)

Residential (Medium density) –
35%

Residential (Low density)
–
10%

Commercial
–
4%

Institutional
–
8%

Industrial
–
1%

Open spaces
–
6%

Utilities
–
1%

Airport
–
3%

Road
–
3%

Water bodies
–
1%

Agriculture
–
18%

Others
–
2%
100%
–
8%
Organizational Structure of Kathmandu Metropolitan City Office
City Management/Current situation

WATER WORK:
The main sources – Rivers, rainfall and spring flow

Drinking Water

Current Demand :
140 million liters per day (m/d)
(Wet Season – Surface Water 88.3%, ground 11.7%)

Current Supply :
105.3 mld.
(Dry Season – 70.8 mld – Surface 65%, ground 35%)
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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
Total Storage Capacity : 27.65 – 70.8 mld

Existing Pipeline :
491 Km. (Size 20mm diameter to 800mm)

Leakage
40%

SEWERAGE :

:

Combined storm water and sewer system
(50–70 years old)

Service : 17% of households

Capacity : 40%

4 treatment plants : Capacity 17 million liters per day to treat Sewerage produced
around 55,000 people on a year round basis.
ELECTRICITY :

220 volt electricity supply

132 Kilovolt national grid served from 14 power generation stations, deliver 242
megawatt

Supply, demand and consumption

Approximately 100% of the population in KMC has access to the electricity
supply system

Maximum demand in KMC – 100 MW (approx)
Bulk sub-station capacity – 161.3 MW
Growing demand – 10% p.a. (average)

Consumption – average 50% of the nation's annual electricity power
consumed in KMC
– 89% hydropower
11% diesel generated

Telephone

HOUSING
: 80% service coverage in KMC
–
Domination of brokers in land development
–
Predominant private owner occupied housing system
–
53,311 units Housing Stock/deficit 10,942 units in 1991/34000 additional housing
units needed by 2003.
–
2000 squatter families / 56 settlements
–
Standard Cost NRS.950,000.00 for 35 Sq.m. house in 80 Sq.m. plot
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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–
Rate of Building Construction – 18.4%
Building Typology of KMC


RCC – 47%

Fired Brick Cement Joint – 28%

Mud Brick Plastered – 17%

Mud Mortar Joint – 8%
ROAD NETWORK
–
705 Km. (approx) vehicle roads in Kathmandu District
–
109,400 vehicles enter in 16 – hour period
–
274 Km. of motorable roads within KMC
Road Classification within Kathmandu District
Classification
Pitch
Gravel
Earth
Total
National Highways
21
0
0
21
Feeder Rods (Major)
17
0
0
17
Feeder Roads (Minor)
39
3
1
43
Districts Roads
332
67
32
431
Total
445
160
100
705
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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Disaster Scenario of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
1. There are mainly 5 types of major disasters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. They are:
i. Earthquake
ii. Fire
iii. Flood
iv. Epidemics
v. Landslide
(i) Earthquake
 First recorded Great EQ in 1256 AD
(Abhaya Malla the Kind & his families died)

The major E Q recorded 1259, 1407, 1680, 1681, 1767, 1809, 1823, 1833, 1834, 1916,
1926, 1934, 1988, 1993 A.D.
Comparison of 1934 historical Great EQ and estimated scenario of
mid Nepal EQ surveyed by JICA Team
1934 EQ
(Actual)
Mid Nepal EQ
(estimated)
8.3
8.0
100 Km. East
150 Km. West
Population
3,00,000
1,300,000
Seismic
IntensityMMI
VIII–IX
VIII
Building Damage
38,055 (60%)
128,952 (50%)
Casualty (Deaths)
4296 (1.4%)
17,695 (1.3%)
Magnitude
Location

(ii) Fire Incident in Kathmandu Valley per year.
Incidents
recorded
Gas
Kerosene
Store
100
16%
11%
Electrical
Short
Circuit
36%
Candle
burning
Vehicles
Unknown
7%
9%
21%
(iii) Flood/Landslide/Lowland Incident in Kathmandu by the year 2002
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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Families
Population
550
7081
Affected
Displaced
House
families
destroyed
322
66
Injured
Dead
Missing
38
×
3
(Source: Nepal Red Cross Society)
2. Kathmandu Metropolitan City Office (KMC) is facing the following problems and
constraints of management of disaster mitigation:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Lack of resources and planning.
Lack of coordination among GO/NGOs/INGOs working in the same field.
Lack of modern technologies and methodologies
Lack of mechanism to enforce building codes
Lack of research works
Lack of skilled manpower
Lack of awareness among civil society and the leaders
3. KMC has taken following measures for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Risk Assessment/vulnerability assessment
Public awareness raising campaign
Capacity building programmes
Networking with GO/NGOs/INGOs
Institutional Development
Land use planning
On the process of enforcement of building codes.
4. For the management of disaster on preparedness and mitigation KMC has undertaken
following activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Vulnerability assessment in wards
Observation of National Earthquake Safety Day
Assessment of Emergency Services in KMC
Community Based Disaster Management Training
School Awareness Programme – DIG (Disaster Imagination Game), Seminar,
Workshops, Art/Essay competitions.
6. Publication and distribution of educational and awareness raising materials
7. Public Hearing Programme with broad range participation of stakeholders
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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8. Information dissemination through KMC run radio Metro F.M. 106.7 Mhz. and
Television Programmes in Nepal Television and highly circulated National Daily
Newspapers.
Disaster Management Through Citizens Participatory
(A few Activities)
1. Vulnerability assessment in
KMC Ward No. 5 and 20

Community Meetings

Need assessments

Formation of Committee

Formation of survey team

Identification of disaster prone areas

Presentation to community

Awared Community on disaster

Preparedness activities by the community to the community
2. Community Based Disaster Management Training in KMC Ward No.: 34, 33, 14, 5, 4, 20

Community meetings
 Need Assessments
Selection of participants

Conduct DBDM Training

Formation of trained volunteer Croups

Public Awareness Campaign

Preparedness activities
3. Disaster Imagination Game (DIG) in Ward No.: 20, 34 ( a highly popular technology
transferred to KMC by JICA survey team)

Community Meetings

Need assessment

Formation of groups

Detail Exercise with the help of Ward Maps

Identification of Disaster Prone Zone
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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
Preparedness activities
Kathmandu Metropolitan City at a glance.doc
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