Population & Biodiversity Study Guide
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Causes of population decline include low birth rate, high death rate, and emigration.
Causes of population growth include high birth rate, low death rate, and immigration.
The number of individuals per unit area is population density. (#of individuals /unit area)
Demography is the study of human population.
Which is the best example of a population: all the squirrels in the forest, all the red squirrels in the forest
An example of population density is 4 students per meter squared. (4 students/m2)
Reproductive potential is how fast an organism reproduces.
Bacteria, protists, rabbits, and cockroaches have high reproductive potential.
Density independent limiting factors include natural disasters and severe weather.
Circle the correct answer: For density independent limiting factors population size is/is not important
Density dependent limiting factors include predation, parasitism, and competition.
For density dependent limiting factors the smaller/bigger the population size the bigger the impact.
A way for population size to remain the same birth rate must equal death rate in other words every couple has to have 2
offspring to replace themselves.
An age structure diagram is a double sided bar graph showing age distribution and sex.
Circle the correct answers: A pyramid shaped age structure diagram has a small/large base indicating lots of young/old
people. This shape represents a stabilized/growing population. A rectangle shaped age structure diagram shows even/high
growth. France/ Nigeria has a rectangle shaped age structure diagram.
When individuals exit an area it is called emigration.
When individuals enter an area it is called immigration.
Limiting resources causes a population to reach its carrying capacity.
The demographic transition is a model that shows how countries pass through stages as it goes from a developing to a
developed country.
The first stage of the demographic transition is described as preindustrial with high births and deaths.
The second stage of the demographic transition includes a population explosion due to medical & technological
advancements.
The final stages of the demographic transition involve slow growth and population may even decline.
List a country experiencing slow growth. France
List a country experiencing rapid growth. Nigeria
Endangered species are species in danger of becoming extinct.
The Endangered Species Act passed in 1973 and it keeps track of endangered species & imposes fines or jail time on people
who violate protection laws
Biodiversity provides food, clothing, medicine, and shelter.
Biodiversity supports the economy and ensures survival if disaster occurs. (ex. great potato famine in Ireland)
Why has birth rate slowed in developed countries? Education of women, family planning, contraceptives, abstinence
WORD BANK
few
high
slowly
low
many
quickly
long
Reproductive Strategies
r-selected (31.High repro. potential)
K-selected (32.low___________ repro. potential)
mature 33.quickly
mature 34.slowly
short-lived
tend to live long lives
have 35many offspring
Have 36. few offspring
Nurture young very little or not at all
care for their young
most pest species are r-selected
most endangered species are K-selected
33. Match the dispersion pattern with the picture
WORD BANK for Dispersion Patterns
Uniform
Clumped
Random
31. Which dispersion
pattern limits
competition? uniform
32. Explain how sea otter
or the gray wolf in
Yellowstone is a
keystone species.
The sea otter has a large impact on
its environment because it eats sea
urchins, which in turn eat sea kelp. If
the sea otter is wiped out the sea
urchins over populate and eat all the
kelp. The kelp then can no longer
provide shelter for octopuses, squid,
& other marine organisms. The gray
wolves plays a large role in
Yellowstne b/c they keep caribou
populations down, which allows the
willow plants to grow, allowing song
birds to have shelter and beavers to
have food. The beavers in turn
create a habitat for water birds, fish,
and amphibians. So when the wolf
population went down caribou
populations went up and the beaver,
songbirds, willow plants,
amphibians, fish, and water birds
were affected.