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Instructions for typing up the essays that will (or will probably)
feature in CR’s On Literature and Culture and subsequently on
Tom’s and Alan Ryan’s On Society, Religion, and Government and
On History and Empire. 17 Nov.- minor clarifications added, on
the matter of original footnotes. 25 Mar. 07 – instructions added
about ‘ise’ spellings.
Every essay should be proofread twice against copy: first by whoever types it up, and
again by a second person. Both parties should proofread on a printout, not simply on
screen, which is never as good.
The original essays appear in various different formats, which as far as possible we
would like made uniform. Please follow these instructions (it may look complicated, but
not all these items will occur in every essay):
Please type in 12pt., preferably in Times New Roman, and ensure that each essay is
separately page-numbered at top right.
Headnote
At the top of your typing, please put your name and the date, and indicate a/ how you
have raised any queries within the text – see Line-end hyphens, below, for some options
for doing this; and b/ how the Running-headlines work. Any ‘larger’ comments can also
be put here – for example ‘Stephen seems to be inconsistent in his spelling of
“Strasburg”’ or ‘I can’t read the bottom of p. 450 because the photocopying is poor.’
Titles of articles
Type in upper and lower-case, even where originally typed in full caps. Only main words
are to begin with a capital (i.e. not articles, where these occur in mid-title; not
demonstratives and pronouns (this, that, which, who, whose, etc.); and not prepositions
and conjunctions). For now, that does mean using a capital on personal pronouns (he,
his, etc.). Use capitals also for subtitles following colons, e.g. ‘Henry the Eighth: A Study
in Despotism’.
 The only exception to the above is where a title is quoted as part of a broken-off
quotation (e.g. where Stephen quotes extensively from the start of a chapter of
Little Dorrit, in the Edinburgh Review). In such a case, follow the typographic
style given in the quotation itself, including full capitals where these are given.
Ignore typographic styling such as gothic type, italics (unless Stephen uses them to
differentiate a title from the rest of the heading, as we might today: ‘Mr. Dickens’s Bleak
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House’, ‘Nelson and the Victory’ [ships, pictures, plays, and pieces of music, are
traditionally italic, as well as pamphlet- and book-titles, but follow Stephen’s usage:
don’t alter to italic if he himself uses roman in quotation marks: ‘Nelson and the
“Victory”’]).
Delete full stops at the end of titles (but of course retain question marks, exclamation
marks, and quotation marks where these form part of the title, as in the previous
example). Delete full stops following roman numerals in names such as ‘Henry VIII.’ and
Louis XIV.’, where these occur mid-sentence.
Where the start of a book-review includes a lot of material about the titles being reviewed
(as e.g. in some Edinburgh Review items), follow copy for which items start a new line,
and follow the roman, italic, etc. as given.
Text
In principle (and when in doubt) you should follow copy exactly, but certain 19th-century
stylistic matters are to be ignored:
Rules, Printers’ Ornaments, etc.
Ignore these.
Punctuation
 No extra space before punctuation marks (common in 19th-c. practice, especially
before ‘?’ ‘!’ ‘:’ and ‘:’)
 No extra space after the end of sentences, or after opening quotation marks
 Follow copy for all other punctuation, including capitalization; italics; the use of
double and single quotation marks and their position relative to closing
punctuation (if you are typing the Edinburgh Review you will see that it prefers
single quotation-marks, rather as I do in typing this memo; for now, simply follow
exactly what each journal does, in this respect). Follow copy also for the
combination of colon and dash, e.g. ‘He says: – ’
 With the exception of the next instruction, follow copy for spellings, even when
the same word is spelled differently from essay to essay, but make a note of
apparent inconsistencies in the spelling of proper nouns within any one essay (see
Headnote above).
 Highlight in bold and a bright color all words (given in the original with ‘ise’
spellings) that in American would be spelt ‘ize’: e.g. ‘criticise’, ‘agonising’,
‘realisation’. At present there is mixed usage in JFS’s various works, and
we will want to make them all conform to the ‘ize’ form (which Oxford
University Press prefers). However, as there are exceptions (e.g. ‘paralyse’,
‘analyse’, which British usage never spells with a ‘z’), at this stage I prefer
you to use color-highlighting so I can review all instances.
 Type dashes uniformly as space+hyphen+space unless you find any that are
significantly longer than the normal parenthetical dash (e.g. where a name is just
given as ‘Mr. ----’ or ‘Mrs. H----’, which can be given as 4 hyphens in a row, as
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shown; NB that in the first case the entire name is rendered by the dash, so it is
preceded by a space, whereas in the second the initial is retained so the hyphens
follow close up to it).
Layout
Ignore double-column layout and type to the normal page-width.
Ignore extra-large capitals at the start of essays, and the full capitals that sometimes
follow them, simply typing an ordinary capital followed by lower-case.
Paragraphs should be indented by one tab, not typed with extra space between (unless
there is extra space in the original, in which case please use one line above and below a
broken-off quotation, and two lines for other deliberate breaks in the text (i.e. where the
author clearly intends a line-break to form a larger pause between one part of the
argument and the next).
Quotations
Quotations broken-off within the text do not need to be typed in smaller type, but should
all be given a tab-indent from the left.
In quoted poetry, stanza-breaks, indents, internal quotation-marks (i.e. those that are
provided by the poet), and the row of spaced dots used to indicate a missing passage
should all be retained. (The only ‘indent’ that should not be retained is a ‘turnover’,
where the width of the column simply didn’t allow the complete line of poetry to fit in:
these are easily identifiable because they don’t begin with a capital like the other lines of
poetry. The turned-over words should just form part of the line to which they properly
belong.)
In quoted prose, different presentation is used for broken-off quotations from those runon within the text, a difference which we should retain; but the actual presentational
practice differs between journals in ways that we want to make uniform. Here are the
rules.
 Use same size type as the rest of your text
 Use a tab indent from the left for all broken-off quotations, and insert a linespace above and below them.
 Follow copy for run-on quotations (i.e. retain the surrounding opening and
closing quotation mark, and leave them run on), but delete the repeated quotation
marks that some journals use at the start of each new line (merely to indicate that
it is a quotation). In rare cases where the quotation itself contains quoted dialogue,
you’ll need to be careful to retain the quotation marks that are intrinsic to the
dialogue when deleting the others).
 Watch out for lengthy broken-off quotations: these can appear to be subsections
of Stephen’s own prose (this is particularly the case in the Edinburgh Review,
where the difference in type-size between text and quotation is very slight). Make
sure you indent them with a line-space above and below.
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Line-end hyphens
Where it is clear that a hyphen has been inserted simply to justify the line (what we’d
now call a ‘soft’ hyphen), eliminate it. Please query doubtful cases – e.g. where it’s
unclear if it should be ‘turn-pikes’ or ‘turnpikes’. Querying can be done by putting the
word in a different color as you type, and making a note at the top that you’ve done this
(so we look at it on screen); or if you prefer, by using one of the ‘notes’ tools on your
word-processor – but NB don’t introduce footnotes that could be confused with Stephen’s
own footnotes.
Running headlines and other matter above and below the text area
Do not type the running headlines (the line of text above the essay itself, which usually
contains the essay title, and may also include the date of the journal and the pagenumber) onto the pages themselves. Instead, please provide a headnote at the top of each
essay, indicating what they contain. For example:
Running headlines: Mr. Thackeray [right and left] + April, 1864
(the same rules apply as with titles: omit he full stops at the end; ignore the page-numbers
and things like square brackets around the journal-date; etc.).
If the running headline remains constant on one page but changes on the other, don’t
record all the variant versions, but state:
Running headlines: [left] The Relation of Novels to Life [right: content changes
according to the matter on the page]
Do not record the extraneous letters and numbers that fall at the foot of some pages (socalled ‘signatures’). Do, however, record footnotes (see below).
Footnotes
Because we will need to add editorial footnotes, it is important that Stephen’s own
footnotes remain differentiated. Christopher and I feel that JFS’s original notes should be
cued by the old-fashioned symbol sequence (which you’ll have to introduce as ‘custom
marks’ on the ‘insert footnotes’ drop-down), leaving the automatic note-numbering for
the editors’ annotation. The traditional sequence uses some symbols not readily available
in Word, so please use the following, which can automatically be converted to the right
characters by the typesetter:
*
(on keyboard
+ [to be translated into a dagger by the setter]
(on keyboard)
≠ [double dagger]
(on Insert/Symbol/Symbols row 6, on left)
¶
(on Insert/Symbol/Special Characters)
§
(on Insert/Symbol/Special Characters)
# [double vertical bar]
(on keyboard)
Ends of articles
Finally, make sure you include only the material that actually forms part of Stephen’s
article, in journals where the next item runs on. If in doubt, raise it as a query.
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Frances Whistler
17 June 2005 (adjusted and corrected Nov. 2006; March 2007)