Chapter 11: Wolves
Test bank questions
Multiple Choice
1. The ecological role that an organism fills is known as a _______.
a. trophic level
b. niche
c. apex
d. biodiversity level
2. The main reason that wolves were exterminated from much of their habitat is that wolves
a. frequently attack humans.
b. are detrimental to the healthy functioning of ecosystems.
c. threaten the livestock and ranching livelihood.
d. have valuable fur.
3. The rewilding movement is based primarily on an ethics of _______.
a. ecocentrism
b. utilitarianism
c. the land ethic
d. maximum sustainable yield
4. The rewilding movement relies upon the field of _______ to determine what is best for
sustainability, and the field of _______ to determine how to make it happen.
a. conservation biology; deep ecology
b. ecosystem science; conservation biology
c. deep ecology; ecosystem science
d. deep ecology; conservation biology
5. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 was a major turning point in natural
resource management because it requires _______.
a. an ecocentric ethic
b. an expert-driven management strategy
c. stakeholder participation
d. the reintroduction of apex predators
True/False
6. The primary goal of natural resource management has always been to include
stakeholders at all stages of decision making.
a. true
b. false
7. Changes in one trophic level can create cascading effects that change other trophic levels.
a. true
b. false
8. Areas designated as wilderness are accessible equally by everyone.
a. true
b. false
9. The current extinction crisis is primarily caused by natural factors.
a. true
b. false
10. The goal of rewilding programs is to promote biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
a. true
b. false
Identification
Keywords: anthropocentrism, apex predators, background extinction rate, biodiversity,
conservation biology, ecocentrism, ethics/ethical, extinction crisis, masculinity, maximum
sustainable yield, natural resource management, NEPA, niche, rewilding, stakeholders,
sustainability, trophic levels
People:
Concepts: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), Endangered
Species Act (ESA)
Short Answer
 How has the social construction of wolves affected how they have been treated in
North America? In your answer, you should 1) identify at least two ways that wolves
have been socially constructed, and 2) describe how that construction has facilitated
either the elimination or the reintroduction of wolves in North America.
 How do wolves contribute to biodiversity and healthy ecosystem functioning? In
your answer, you should describe the processes that link wolves and other species. Use
key terms such as apex predator, trophic level, and niche.
 What are some of the benefits of stakeholder participation in natural resource
management, and what are some of the limitations? In your answer, you should 1)
describe the reasoning behind the use of stakeholder participation in natural resource
management, 2) describe the problems that limit the effectiveness of stakeholder
participation, and 3) use the example of wolf management to support your assessment.