Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
The Search for the Genetic Material
Griffith, 1928 (Fig 16.1)
Hershey-Chase, 1952 (Fig 16.2)
Chargaff, 1947 - Chargaff rules - A=T and G=C
The Search for the Structure of the DNA Molecule
The Players
Linus Pauling
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin (Fig 16.4)
James Watson and Francis Crick (Fig 16.0)
The Process
The structure of a DNA stand (Fig 16.3)
Base pairing in DNA (Unnumbered Fig (Pg 292) & Fig 16.6)
The Double Helix (Fig 16.5)
DNA Replication
A model for DNA replication: the basic concept (Fig 16.7)
Three alternative models of DNA replication (Fig 16.8)
Replication Models: A Test (Meselson-Stahl) (Fig 16.9)
Replication Mechanisms (Animation, Fig 16.10-16.12)
Origins of Replication - where replication of DNA begins
Replication fork - a Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are
elongating
DNA polymerases - enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA
Antiparallel
Synthesis of leading and lagging strands during DNA replication (Fig 16.13)
Okazaki fragments
Priming DNA synthesis with RNA (Fig 16.14)
The main proteins of DNA replication and their functions (Fig 16.15)
Helicases and single-stranded binding proteins
Primase
DNA polymerases
Ligase
A summary of DNA replication (Fig 16.16)
DNA Repair
Mismatch repair - fixes mistakes when the DNA is being made
Excision repair - fixes mistakes when the DNA has been damaged, cutting out the
damaged nucleotide and replacing it (Fig 16.17)
Nuclease - a DNA-cutting enzyme
DNA Ends (Fig 16.18)
Telomeres - special nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes
Telomerase - a special enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of the telomeres (Fig 16.19)