Mallet Chemistry Library:
An Environment of Respect
Daniel Alonzo
Stephen Cooper
Sarah Cunningham
Janiece McGuire Green
Beth Heller
Jennifer Lee
Rachel McArthur
Holly Robertson
Rebekah Sanchez
Molly Wheeler
LIS 392P.6
Protection and Care of Records Materials
Spring 2003
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
2
Executive Summary
3-6
Building History
7-9
Collection Description and Use; Library Personnel
10 - 12
Temperature and Humidity Monitoring
13 - 18
Air Quality Monitoring
19 - 28
Light Intensity and UV Monitoring
29 - 34
Pest Management
35 – 40
Security and Disaster Preparedness Evaluation
41 - 44
Recommendations and Conclusion
45 - 50
References
51 - 53
Appendix A: Hobo Datalogger Graphs
Appendix B: Thermo-hygrograph Charts
Appendix C: Austin Weather Data
Appendix D: Library Use Charts
Appendix E: Chemistry Library Access Cards: Rules and Policies
Appendix F: Measuring Instruments
and Calibration Instruments
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was completed with the assistance of many. The authors would like to thank the
following people for sharing their time, expertise and guidance!

Karen Pavelka, Lecturer, Preservation and Conservation Studies, School of
Information

David Flaxbart, Librarian, Mallet Chemistry Library

Britt Wilson, Library Assistant, Mallet Chemistry Library

Gene Hackmann, Engineer, Physical Plant

H. Erle Janssen, Jr., Director, Office of Environmental Health and Safety

Charles Jamison, Safety Specialist III, Office of Environmental Health and Safety

James Galloway, Library Assistant, Mallet Chemistry Library

Greg Aker, Microcomputing Services, UT General Libraries

Robert Blaha, US Weather Service
4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
From February 9 to April 16, 2003, an environmental monitoring assessment of the Mallet
Chemistry Library was done by the students of LIS 392.P, Protection and Care of Records
Materials. Optimally, a complete monitoring assessment should span at least one year,
recording a full cycle of seasons, but for the purpose of this class and with the schedule of
one semester, a sufficient amount of information was gathered in nine weeks to make
preliminary recommendations for improving the environment at the Mallet Chemistry
Library.
At present the Mallet Chemistry Library collection contains 75,000 volumes on-site. The
Chemistry, Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering, Human Ecology, and Nutrition
departments are among the most frequent users. Two-thirds of the Library's journal
subscriptions are online, and the several computer terminals are used often, along with
several Ethernet connections. Library hours are Mondays-Thursdays 7am-11pm; Fridays
8am-7pm; Saturday noon-5pm; and Sunday noon-11pm. Professors are issued key cards and
granted 24-hour access, a privilege that is often exercised. The Mallet Chemistry Library
users have a reputation for being exceptionally respectful of the materials, and theft and
damage does not frequently occur.
The Mallet Chemistry Library is housed in Welch (WEL) Hall, located in the Tower Area of
the Central Campus Zone of the University of Texas at Austin. The current building is
composed of the original structure that faces 24th Street, a west wing built in 1959-1960, and
the most recent addition, built in 1979 along Speedway, which resulted in the closed-in patio
that serves as the Library’s roof. The Mallet Chemistry Library is divided by joined sections
5
of the oldest and newest wings.. Poor drainage of the patio has caused flooding inside the
library along the east wall at least twice a year for several years. In March 2003, the patio was
outfitted with new drains, and this will hopefully prevent flooding in the future.
For the purpose of this assessment, five major categories of environmental concerns were
monitored:





Temperature and Relative Humidity
Air Quality
Light Intensity and UV Radiation Monitoring
Insects
Security and Disaster Plan
The temperature and humidity of the Mallet Chemistry Library were monitored using a
Isuzu thermo-hygrograph and six Hobo Dataloggers positioned throughout the library.
Temperature and relative humidity readings were gathered from February 9 to April 16,
2003. Temperature readings show that these levels were fairly consistent for the duration of
the monitoring, ranging from 65ْ F to 70ْ F. Relative humidity readings reported dramatic
fluctuations due to increased body heat during the library's peak use and outside weather
conditions. The drop in relative humidity during cold weather is of particular concern, and
could cause damage to collection materials.
Light levels at the Mallet Chemistry Library are relatively low and are not a cause for
concern. Light readings were collected, using a digital ELSEC 764 UV+ Monitor, at 18
different locations and taking into consideration natural and fluorescent light, and measuring
both light intensity (lux) and UV (ultraviolet) light. The highest readings, 99 w/lumen in
6
the late afternoon and 93 w/lumen in the early morning, were collected at the west
windows of the library and are the only readings that peaked above the highest
recommended level of 75 watts/lumen.
Air quality of the Mallet Chemistry Library was determined by testing for the presence of
particulate contaminants. Ideally, the assessment would test for gaseous contaminants as
well, but the monitoring team determined that there was no likely cause for these pollutants
to be present in the library, and the cost of pollutant monitoring was too great. Particulate
contaminants were measured by placing eight glue traps throughout the library.
With the kind assistance of the UT Austin Environmental Health & Safety Office, mold
spore types and levels were tested along the east wall of the library, where flooding occurred
several times in the past. The traps collected nothing more than a small amount of dust.
Results of the mold spore test show that the library does not have a mold problem and all
levels are within the normal range. The air quality of the library is very good and dust should
be the only concern.
A pest monitoring program was implemented, comprised of 18 Bell Laboratories Trapper
Monitor & Insect Trap placed throughout the library. Items collected included one
cockroach egg case and several spiders, ants, pillbugs, and beetles. The presence of spiders
hints that there are other insects that fall prey to them and may indicate the presence of
more pests than the monitoring program detected. Collected pests were found in the traps
near the outside windows and all interiorly placed traps were empty. The small quantity of
pests found during this period of time indicates that the library does not represent a real
threat; pest problems are seasonal, however, and summer is usually a peak time.
7
As the final part of the environmental monitoring assessment of the Mallet Chemistry
Library, security and disaster preparedness were evaluated. As mentioned earlier, security has
not been significant issue for the library. This is due to the overall respect for the materials
that the library users possess and the presence of the 3M Model 3802DM electronic security
system. The library does not have its own disaster plan, but there is a Disaster Plan and
Emergency Procedures Manual. for the University of Texas General Libraries. In the past,
fires and floods have occurred in Welch Hall, and flooding was a particular problem for the
library.
For more information about the measuring instruments and calibration equipment used in
this project, please refer to Appendix F: Measuring Instruments and Calibration Equipment.
8
HISTORY OF THE MALLET CHEMISTRY LIBRARY
The Chemistry library was named for Dr. John W. Mallet (1832 – 1912) chemistry professor,
co-founder and president of the American Chemical Society and the University’s first
Chairman of the Faculty. Mallet is primarily known for research on the atomic weights of
elements. The core of the Chemistry Department’s library collection was established in 1883,
and consisted of a collection of books and journals selected by the departmental professors.
Before 1900, the professors and staff of the Chemistry department maintained the chemistry
journals and reference books.
As the department expanded, it out grew the original location (the basement of the “Old
Main” building – a structure which was demolished to build what is now the current Main
Building and Tower). The Chemistry department was the first department on campus to
have a separate building, called The Chemistry Laboratory. In this new building, the library
collection was housed in the office of Professor Edgar Everhart, Mallet’s successor.
Everhart was the key proponent in obtaining the new building for the department. At that
time, the chemistry library had 500 volumes. The Mallet Chemistry library was not included
in the University Library’s Collection of catalogue cards, and remained separate from the rest
of the campus. The library reached 3,000 volumes in 1901 after the Regent’s purchase of a
run of Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
In 1924, Professor Harry Lochte wrote a letter concerning the current condition of the
collection, which serves as the earliest documentation of the Chemistry library collection.
Lochte felt that duplicate cards in the catalogues of the Main Library and the Chemistry
9
library would provide students and staff with a cross reference.i In 1926, the Chemistry
Laboratory Building caught fire. Lochte helped to save most of the collection before the
building was engulfed in flames, and the books were transferred to the Biology building until
a new chemistry building was built.
The current Chemistry Building, opened in 1931, and was named in 1974 for Robert A.
Welch a Texas oilman. The Chemistry Library was housed on the fourth floor in what is
now room 4.132. The Library was painted in a decorative style and is now a lounge for
graduate chemistry students.
From 1960 to 1961, the first large addition was made to Welch Hall -- a wing to the west
side of the building, adding over 40,000 square feet to the facility. Also in the 1960’s, the
library received its first photocopy machine and was air-conditioned. In 1978, another large
addition was added to Welch Hall at the south end of the original building. With this
addition, a new Chemistry Library – the collection’s present day residence – was completed.
The Library contains sections of the old building and the 1978 addition. The roof of the
Library is a poorly drained patio, which adds to flooding problems that exist due to unsealed
building seams; this spring, new drains were built for the patio, which will ease the Library’s
flooding problem.
Renovations have been carried out on the original building and its wings -- several
renovations in 1980-1981 and 1986-1988 updated the Chemistry Departments system. A
fire on October 19, 1996 in one of the laboratories influenced the University to add fire
alarms and a heat sensitive sprinkler system to Welch Hall.
10
Librarians
1929 – 1940 Alice Wupperman (first Chemistry Library supervisor)
1944 – 1949 Martha Thurlow – first librarian
1949 – 1951 Ivan Trombley
1951 – 1985 Aubrey Skinner
1986 – 1991 Christine Johnston
1992 – present David Flaxbart
The Mallet Library Today
Presently, the Mallet Library is home to 86,000 volumes for the Chemistry, Biochemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Human Ecology and Nutrition departments. The library has
expanded to house 14,000 linear feet of materials, has several Ethernet connections,
photocopiers, and a separate periodical room.
"Used by permission of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin."
11
LIBRARY PERSONNEL; COLLECTION USE AND DESCRIPTION
Personnel
The Chemistry Library is staffed by three full time personnel and a varying number of
student workers. David Flaxbart’s duties as head librarian include answering the majority of
reference questions (which have waned in recent years), fulfilling the library’s bibliographic
needs, and maintaining the budget. Flaxbart also manages the library space by exploring
storage options, weeding the stacks, and staying attentive to users’ needs. Library assistant
Britt Wilson supervises the hourly workers and maintains the payroll, prepares material for
the bindery, processes the new materials, and tracks relevant library statistics. James
Galloway, another library assistant, handles holds, recalls, and reserves, and serves as the
night supervisor. Wilson and Galloway also answer reference questions.
Library Culture
The Chemistry Library has a unique culture. Flaxbart suggests this is based on a
longstanding tradition of respect for the materials. Chemistry materials are generally
accessed and utilized for decades. While a source from 60 years ago might not be cited as
often as a recent one, it is still considered to be a vital part of the literature. The tradition of
respect for materials originates from a systematic education from mentor to student about
the importance of the literature. This becomes especially apparent in upper level
undergraduate students, and is an essential educational aspect to all pursing graduate degrees.
Chemistry graduate students are known for their extraordinary work ethic, which results in
an extraordinary demand not only for their literature but for constant access to it. Access is
12
important to the chemistry discipline, and permanent faculty are issued key cards so they
may gain entrance to the library after hours.
Library Use
Despite the strong culture of the library, usage over the years has still decreased. Gate
counts clearly illustrate this trend (Figure 1). Even though the students and faculty still
respect the library, they often choose the convenience of accessing material now online.
Flaxbart estimates that two-thirds of the Chemistry Library’s journal subscriptions are
online. The other one third, those located in the periodicals room, are infrequently accessed.
Historically, the journals collection expanded the faster than monographs; however, now
that large numbers of journals are online, the book collection currently dominates. This
poses two problems—storage and finances.
Chem istr y Libr ary Gate Cou nt
300,000
277,136
268,502 262,174
237,249
250,000
229,849 225,097
197,198
200,000
175,283
163,538
149,335 145,485
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
199192
Figure 1
199293
199394
199495
199596
199697
199798
199899
19992000
200001
200102
13
Storage and Finances
Storage is important because the off-campus storage facility (LSF) is almost at capacity.
Unfortunately, due to financial constraints, future expansion is unlikely. Those funds not
tied up in serial obligations are fairly sensitive to budgetary reduction. Other funds in
jeopardy are for rebinding and repair and those associated with the library staff. Flaxbart
cites potential staffing difficulties as one of his largest concerns.
Location and Physical features
The Welch Hall location of the Mallet Chemistry Library is a definite advantage. A greater
familiarity with the library and camaraderie between chemistry department and library staff
exists since the library is in the same building where the majority of students and faculty
work and conduct their experiments. The Library has approximately 87,000 volumes with
about 22,000 of those in the off-campus storage facility. The collection includes over 300
journal subscriptions, both print and online. The library has approximately 12,000 feet of
useable floor space, and the collection occupies 14,000 linear feet of shelf space. The library
seats 150 and offers access to seven computer workstations. The workstations see a heavy
amount of traffic, and Flaxbart would like to eventually have about a dozen in all. The
building planners were generous with the space allocation for the library, and thus the
Chemistry Library does not currently suffer from an overcrowding problem. This is also
partially due to Flaxbarts’s personal weeding of the stacks and a years-long initiative of
identifying material to send to the LSF.
14
TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY MONITORING
Temperature
Temperature for all times and for all locations of the library remained fairly stable
throughout the monitoring timeframe. Temperatures ranged from a low of 65°F to a high
of 70°F. The low temperature was achieved during the ice storm in late February. The high
temperature was achieved regularly during peak hours of library use. Peak hours of use were
defined as weekdays, 12-5pm. During these hours, there were generally small inclinations of
about 1°F. Overall, the temperature did not fluctuate enough to be considered a problem.
Relative humidity was another matter entirely.
Relative Humidity (RH)
The similarities in trends between all Hobo Dataloggers and their correspondence to the
thermo-hygrograph indicates that there were no individual problem areas in the Chemistry
library such as water leaks, air leaks from the windows, or drafts from the library entrance or
emergency exits. There was a strong correlation between the relative humidity of the outside
air and the relative humidity (RH) inside the Chemistry Library. During the ice storm in late
February, the RH in the Chemistry Library fell from 50% to 25% in a 48 hour period. Two
similar events took place from March 19-20 and March 28-30. All three events were due to
cold fronts that rapidly moved through the Austin area.
The RH was never stable at the Chemistry Library; however, during periods of lowest
fluctuation, the RH ranged between 60% and 40%. There was also a correlation between
relative humidity and peak library use. There were a number of occasions when the RH was
15
affected by the increased body heat that occurs with an influx of library patron between 125pm. Body heat had the most pronounced effect when RH in the library started out below
40% at the 7:30am opening period and rose throughout the day. Evidence of this
correlation can be seen in a more stable RH over the weekends in the Chemistry Library.
During the weekends, usage of the library is diminished compared with weekdays (See
Library Statistics in Appendix D). Weekend usage, generally, does not have peak hours.
Numbers of patrons are usually fairly uniform on weekends.
Methodology and Materials
Hobos & Thermo-hygrograph
To obtain relative humidity and temperature readings from the Chemistry Library, one Isuzu
10360-7 Thermo-hygrograph, four Hobo H8 Family Dataloggers and two Hobo H8 Family
Pro Series Dataloggers (which proved more reliable and more accurate) were placed
throughout the library to cover as much area as possible, strategically positioned to cover
potential problem areas (see Figure 2, Hobo Datalogger and Thermo-Hygrograph Locations
map at the end of this section). Hobo Datalogger #1 was placed near the circulation desk to
gauge whether or not that area was affected by the flow of patrons and library staff. Hobo
Datalogger #2 was placed near an area of the Chemistry Library that is prone to flooding
during heavy rainstorms. Hobo Datalogger #5’s placement was two-fold – it was placed
near the copy machines to determine their impact on the immediate area’s temperature and
relative humidity. In addition, during the monitoring process, the ceiling tiles above the
copiers were removed, exposing the plenum’s piping, electrical cable and possibly unchecked
air movement.
16
To get exact, consistent measurements of temperature and relative humidity, monitoring
equipment must be calibrated. Unfortunately, Hobo Dataloggers can not be calibrated.
Instead, the thermo-hygrograph was calibrated and re-calibrated throughout the monitoring
process using an Psychro-Dyne Aspiring Psychrometer. Over the nine week monitoring
period, the thermo-hygrograph was calibrated four times. During the first week, the thermohygrograph was calibrated when it arrived at the Chemistry Library on January 31, 2003 and
then re-calibrated 24 hours later on February 1, 2003. Several days later it was removed
from the Chemistry Library for a presentation. The thermo-hygrograph was re-calibrated on
its return to the Chemistry Library on February 6, 2003 and then re-calibrated 24 hours later
on February 7, 2003. Subsequent re-calibrations occurred approximately four weeks later on
March 5, 2003 then two weeks later on March 26, 2003.
Readings were logged at 15 minute intervals and the data was retrieved every seven days
from February 19, 2003 through April 23, 2003. In total, measurements were taken for 64
days. Once all the data was collected, seven-day graphs for RH and temperature were
created for each Hobo using Onset Applications’ Box Car Pro 3.51. Surprisingly there were
no significant differences in readings from one Datalogger to the next, nor were there
significant differences between the Hobo Dataloggers and the thermo-hygrograph readings
(see readings in Appendix A: Hobo Datalogger Graphs and Appendix B: Thermohygrograph Graphs). Significance is determined by ±2°F for temperature and ±5% relative
humidity. All six hobos and the thermo-hygrograph gave nearly the exact same readings, not
in precise numbers but in trends of change. Because there was a strong correlation among
all the Hobo Dataloggers, the monitoring team choose Datalogger #6 to represent the rest,
except for the the week of March 5-12 during which Hobo Datalogger #1 was the only one
17
to record measurements. The thermo-hygrograph produced 9 graphs that gave readings for
both RH and temperature for all nine weeks of the monitoring period.
Temperature did not appear to be affected by outside conditions. The graphs measuring
temperature inside the Chemistry Library were analyzed only in relation to the library’s
circulation and patron statistics (see Appendix D: Library Statistics). The remaining 18 RH
graphs were analyzed by comparing them to outside RH conditions acquired from the Camp
Mabry weather station (KATT) via http://www.uswx.com/us/stn/ and the Chemistry
Library’s circulation and patron statistics. The presence and onset of cold fronts was
determined by using the Old Farmer’s Almanac (http://www.almanac.com)
Visual Representations & Raw Data
Each of the 27 graphs used in the analysis have been printed out and compiled with
the hourly outside RH measurements from Camp Mabry (see Appendix C: Austin Weather
Charts). Correlations in the RH graphs are numbered with corresponding numbers in the
Camp Mabry RH printout. Figure 3 (at the end of this section) represents the similarity of
trends between all Hobo Datalogger readings, except Hobo Datalogger #% which
malfunctioned early in the project.
18
Figure 2
19
AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Air quality, determined through measurements of gaseous and particulate contaminants, is
an important factor in a library environment. In very general terms, a clean, good looking
collection will be treated with greater respect by patrons and staff alike. But more
importantly, not only might atmospheric pollutants have a deleterious effect on patrons and
staff, additionally they have the potential to damage collection materials.
Particulate contaminants such as dust, mold spores, and soot are commonly recognized as
irritants to humans but are frequently overlooked as a hazard to paper materials. And while
it is generally understood that high levels of gaseous pollutants (such as ozone or carbon
monoxide) are harmful to humans, their effect on collection materials is just as often
overlooked. This is true in part because, unlike a flood which is impossible to ignore, the
detrimental effects of poor air quality accumulate silently and over long periods of time.
Particulate contaminants can directly affect library collections negatively through the abrasive
action of dust and dirt on paper and other materials. Perhaps more significantly, particulates
may cause damage to materials through reactions with other environmental factors such as
humidity: if conditions are moist, dirt might permanently stain paper; and if the particulates
contain nutrients for fungi, mildewing with consequent staining are likely; and finally, foxing
of paper has been shown to be related to particulates, including mold spores. Accumulation
of dust can in fact attract moisture from a humid environment and form acids that accelerate
deterioration, and insects love moist surroundings that contain a food source such as the
organic matter found in dust.
20
Our project team considered three items related to particulate air quality: Does the Mallet
Chemistry Library have a significant particulate contaminant problem? If so, can the sources
of the pollution be identified? And are certain materials or group of materials at particular
risk due to high particulate pollutant levels? To determine answers to the first two
considerations, glue traps designed to collect dust and other air particles were placed at
various points around the library to collect particulates. Six traps were placed at different
levels on the bookshelves, and two were placed directly under HVAC vents. Also measured
were mold spore levels and type. The UT Austin Environmental Health & Safety Office
took samples of the library air to determine if the library has a mold problem.
Gaseous pollutants are also harmful to collection materials because they react with paper and
accelerate deterioration by providing a catalyst for chemical degradation reactions.
Frequently such pollutants are caused by an external factor such as the HVAC’s outside-air
intake being too close to ground level where air is contaminated by automobile traffic, or by
an internal factor such as off-gassing from materials such as new carpet or wood shelving.
The monitoring team did not undertake the measurement of gaseous pollutants primarily
because the survey of the library did not reveal any likely sources of gaseous pollutants.
Building materials, such as the carpet, are not new and thus are not likely off-gassing at
significant levels; all shelving is metal with a standard library finish; and a recent survey of
the HVAC system did reveal any possible sources of gaseous contaminants. An additional
factor is the cost of the procedure to determine gaseous pollutant levels. Unlike particulates
21
that can be measured to some degree with simple glue traps, gaseous pollutants require more
expensive testing kits that are processed by a laboratory.
Methodology and Materials
The design of the dust traps used to capture particulate matter in the Mallet Chemistry
Library was based on a paper delivered by Young Hun Yoon at the Indoor Air Quality
Conference in 2000.1 The authors of this study constructed “sticky samplers” by using
sticky white labels on top of aluminum stubs. For the air quality test in the Mallet library, we
modified insect traps, consisting of a sticky surface on a white background, by removing the
card stock tops.
These traps were then placed in six locations around the library and secured by Velcro pads
(see Figure 7 at the end of this section for map of air particulate trap locations). The paper
covering the sticky area of the traps was removed only moments before placement, and, two
weeks later, each trap was immediately placed in a Ziploc bag upon retrieval for examination
under a microscope. Two of the traps were placed directly under air vents, which are
actually narrow openings around the outside of every light fixture in the library, to determine
if large particulates are blown out of the HVAC duct work. One trap was placed on top of
the rare bookcase against the bank of windows running on the west side of the library
because a fair amount of dust was observed on the top of this case. The other three traps
22
were placed on shelving at different heights and at varying locations away from other traps
in an effort to determine if patron traffic levels had any effect on dust accumulation.
The UT Austin Environmental Health & Safety Office conducted the measurement of
airborne mold spore levels in the Mallet Library. On the day of testing, air samples were
taken inside and outside the library using the Anderson analysis type. Indoor and outdoor
samples are necessary for comparative analysis—in general, indoor mold spore levels should
be consistent with outdoor levels. A higher indoor measurement may indicate a problem
with the environment, including but not limited to relative humidity consistently above 70%,
inadequate air filtration, or poor housekeeping. The air samples were shipped to Mycotech
Biological, Inc., a firm specializing in indoor air quality, for analysis.
Results and Recommendations
Initial observations of the Mallet Chemistry Library did not reveal any library materials at
special risk of harm or any particularly troubling particulate accumulation Some light dust,
of even and uniform distribution, was seen on the tops of shelving and books in all areas of
the library. As previously mentioned, a heavier accumulation was observed on top of the rare
bookcase most likely becuase its design does not facilitate dusting. Generally, a slightly
heavier build-up was observed on harder-to-reach books and shelves, indicating that library
staff does some dusting. The HVAC air-intake screens had some build-up as well.
The dust traps confirmed our initial observations. None of the traps contained anything
more than very slight accumulation of the same type of even, uniform dust observed on
books and shelving. This indicates that the existing dust is a build-up occurring over months
23
or longer. The traps caught no large dust matter, nor was any seen around the library,
indicating adequate air filtration.
An interesting corollary results from the type of HVAC venting into the Mallet Library. The
gentle-yet-wide dispersal of air into the library through the many vents around each light
fixture is most likely responsible for the even distribution of the surface dust that was
observed. Differing from other HVAC systems that blow most of the treated air through a
small number of highly pressurized vents, often resulting in mostly localized particulate
build-up, the Mallet Library’s system also prevents larger masses of particulate matter from
being blown loose from inside the ductwork and entering the library.
A final observation relating to the HVAC system notes another beneficial trait. The library
has a positive-pressure environment, caused by the HVAC system pushing air into the
library faster than it can escape – most noticeable by the rush of air when entering through
the front door. This circumstance is beneficial and should be continued because such
pressure discourages particulates in the outside air (dust and mold spores) from entering the
library unless filtered through the HVAC system.
The mold testing done by the UT Environmental Health & Safety Office returned good
results (See Figures 4, 5, and 6, below.). The indoor levels of mold spores were below the
typical indoor levels determined by research. Additionally, the indoor levels of spores were
below outdoor levels. Both determinations indicate that the HVAC filtration is effective and
that the positive-pressure environment is desirable. However, despite the relatively low
mold spore levels, a mold growth outbreak is still possible in the Mallet Library. Relative
24
humidity levels should be consistently maintained below 70% at a minimum, and particulate
buildup should be controlled since it can serve as a nutrient source for fungi.
Figure 4
25
Figure 5
26
Figure 6
27
While our inspections and tests did not reveal any serious problems with the library’s air in
terms of particulate contaminants and thus no immediate action is warranted, we suggest
that library staff implement some preventative steps as time, budget, and staffing allow.
Housekeeping is one of the simplest methods of preventative preservation.
A dusting schedule, along with dusting at opportune times such as when reorganizing library
materials, will assist in controlling dust build-up. The best method of dusting is to use a
canister model HEPA vacuum cleaner as is often found in conservation labs, but a dust
cloth that electro-statically picks up particles is often the more practical choice. An excellent
reference for housekeeping in libraries is “PRESERVATION 101: An Internet Course on
Paper Preservation, Lesson 5: Housekeeping” from the Northeast Document Conservation
Center, available online at <http://www.nedcc.org>. A regular dusting schedule is also
beneficial because it encourages staff to enter parts of the collection that are not regularly
visited, increasing the likelihood of catching a small problem, such as the start of a mold
growth outbreak, before it becomes a larger and more costly headache.
And finally, ensuring that the positive-pressure environment is continued, that HVAC filters
are replaced at regular intervals, and that the ductwork is cleaned every year or two will help
prevent future problems resulting from poor air quality.
28
Figure 7
29
LIGHT INTENSITY AND UV RADIATION MONITORING
The Mallet Chemistry Library has two sources of light – artificial light from ceiling mounted
fluorescent fixtures and natural light from the floor to ceiling windows on the west side of
the library facing the courtyard. Light from these windows is controlled by vertical blinds.
Light is measured in lumens, or the total amount of light or luminous flux emitted from a
light source. Illuminance accounts for the spread of light (the intensity of luminous
radiation) in a given area, and is measured – in metric units -- in lumens per square meter, or
lux. The English unit is the footcandle, which is expressed in lumens per square foot; the
relationship between lux and footcandles is 1 to 10.764, arising from the relationship
between square meters to square feet. For the purpose of this study, the monitoring team
used the metric unit lux. Light has three damaging components: 1) Ultra-violet light (UV),
2) radiant heating and infra-red (IR) radiation, and 3) light intensity itself. Direct sunlight
averages approximately 30,000 lux; proximal measurements to fluorescent tubes and
spotlights and near windows average 3,000 lux; 300 lux willl provide good visibility to the
average viewer; and 30 lux is the minimum needed for the best eyesight to see. Over time,
the three components of light – UV, IR, and visible light – react chemically with materials.
Light damage is cumulative and irreversible. The yardstick for measuring degradation of
materials would be fading or discoloration of a colored surface after so many lux-hours, and
in a circulating collection stacks library, this is just noticed on red books at the end of a stack
range. In Figure 8, the effect of light intensity, coupled with UV component level, is
examined in terms of artifact lifespan:
30
Increase in Artifact Lifetimes,
Given Susceptibility to UV Radiation and Light Intensity
UV Component
30,000 lux
light intensity
3,000 lux
300 lux
30 lux
(average daylight)
(near windows,
fluorescent lamps,
spotlights)
(Good visibility)
(minimum needed
for fair visibility)
x1
x 10
x 100
x 1000
x 10 to x 30
x 100 to
x 300
x 1000 to
x 3000
x 10,000 to
x 30,000
x 10 to x 100
x 100 to
x 1000
x 1000 to
x 10,000
x 10,000 to
x 100,000
+ 750 W/lm
(daylight)
75 W/lm
(good UV filter)
1-10 W/lm
(best UV filter)
Figure 8 by S. Michalski, Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa; October 1994
In short, light discolors objects, rendering them brittle and susceptible to other physical
damage. In a circulating library, the effects of light are most often seen on the outward
facing spines of books in stacks, as well as the tops of books on top stack shelves nearest
fluorescent light. To reduce light damage, 1) limit the time of exposure, 2) reduce light
intensity and 3) reduce the amount of IR and UV so that the wavelength of the light is
limited to the visible spectrum. In terms of circulating libraries, this often means utilizing
blinds and UV tinting on windows, using commercially available UV filter tubes for
fluorescent lights or applying UV filtering film on the plastic fluorescent light covers,
limiting the time lights are on to open hours, and refraining from storing books on the top
exposed shelves of stacks.
31
Methodology
The digital ELSEC 764 UV+ Monitor (see Appendix F: Measuring Instruments and
Calibrating Equipment for more information) was used to measure both light intensity
(lux) and UV (watts/lumen). Given the windows on the west side of the Mallet
Chemistry Library, readings were taken at two times to account for the varying levels of
sunlight – 10:00 a.m. on a sunny April morning and 5:00 p.m. on a sunny April
afternoon. Spot tests were conducted at 6 points in the library that were susceptible to
changes in sunlight, as well as places where the sunlight does not reach the library
material (see Figure 7, Light Intensity and UV Radiation Sampling Points map at the end
of this section). Three measurements were taken at each point, and the average of those
measurements appears in the table below. For the windows and stacks measurements, the
light monitor was held parallel to the window or to the spine of a shelved book to mimic
the effect of light as it hits the spine of the book; for the top stack measurement and for
the periodical reading room measurements, the light monitor was held upward, parallel to
the top of the book or the horizontal orientation of the magazines and journals – these
horizontal measurements are, of course, higher than the aforementioned vertical
measurements because the light meter is directly exposed to the light source.
32
location
direct sunlight
west window -- north, no blinds
-- outside measurement
west window -- south, blinds
-- outside measurement
Point A -- stacks, shelf 1
Point A -- stacks, shelf 4
Point A -- stacks, shelf 7
Point A -- stacks, shelf 7 (top)
Point B -- stacks, shelf 1
Point B -- stacks, shelf 4
Point B -- stacks, shelf 7
Point B -- stacks, shelf 7 (top)
Point C -- stacks, shelf 1
Point C -- stacks, shelf 4
Point C -- stacks, shelf 6
Point D -- stacks, shelf 1
Point D -- stacks, shelf 4
Point D -- stacks, shelf 6
Periodicals Room -- shelf 2 (bottom)
Periodicals Room -- shelf 8 (top)
Figure 9
lux
watts / lumen
10:00 a.m., sunny April
78,194
501
289
93
910
225
211
5
14,576
469
80.7
20
130
16
253
28
2778
46
123
18
202
12
341
7
793
15
146
9
237
5
419
4
155
9
230
8
350
8
370
34
365
41
watts /
lumen
5:00 p.m., sunny April
83,072
561
319
99
544
159
200
5
983
429
94
21
172
27
295
33
2298
42
154
15
214
13
366
8
801
16
147
9
225
4
412
4
160
9
220
8
341
7
373
36
380
43
lux
Results
UV levels were surprisingly low, both from the west windows (the only location to breach
the recommended maximum of 75 watts/lumen – the accepted standard promoted by
environmental expert Bill Lull – with 99 W/lumen in the late afternoon and 93 w/lumen
in the early morning) and from the fluorescent lamps, which peaked at 46 w/lumen). By
comparing the inside and outside measurements for both light intensity and UV on the west
windows without closed blinds, it is evident that the glass does filter some light and UV (910
lux and 225 W/lm versus 289 lux and 93 W/lm in the morning; 544 lux and 159W/lm
33
versus 319 lux and 99 W/lm in the late afternoon). Although library personnel believe the
only known tint on the windows to be a thick layer of grime, it is obvious that the windows
themselves do filter some harmful light, and it is recommended that the blinds be utilized
with consistency and kept closed as they are on the south end of the west wall of windows.
Fortunately, none of the stacks directly face the windows; the incoming sunlight from the
windows, however, does cause slightly higher levels of UV at the Points A and B (see Figure
10 at the end of this section) but these are still under the safe limit of 75 W/lm. Even light
intensity and UV readings from the tops shelves, which are for the most part left empty in
the Mallet Chemistry Library, do not breach the maximum recommended UV limit. There is
evidence of light damage of some of the book spine, but it is not easily attributed to stack
position, shelf height, or anything but prolonged exposure to light intensity and UV.
Although at this time it is not necessary to recommend the installation of UV filtration tubes
on all the fluorescent bulbs, if the collection content were to change with the incur of special
collections materials or long term exhibits, UV filtration tubes are affordable, filter out 9298% of UV, and last for 10 years (see Appedix F: Monitoring Equipment and Calibrating
Instruments for more information). It is recommended that the discontinuation of book
storage on the top shelves of the stacks continue throughout the library, especially in the
section of the library where the ceiling is approximately eight feet tall as opposed to the
standard 11 feet.
34
Figure 10
35
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Another important factor in a library environment is pest management. Cockroaches,
silverfish, termites, and beetles are especially known for wreaking havoc in libraries. Various
organic components in books --- the cellulose in the paper as well as the glazes and sizings
added to it, the pastes and glues in the bindings, the leather or book cloth used to cover a
volume --- all make a hearty meal for these sorts of unwelcome patrons. It bears
mentioning, too, that a thriving insect population will mean accumulations of droppings and
insect body parts.
Integrated pest management (IPM) uses a range of approaches to protect a collection from
damage by pests. For a variety of reasons, pesticides are advised against except as a last
resort. They are strictly regulated, might result in health problems for the people using the
space, and could damage the items in the collection. Moreover, pesticides do not necessarily
solve the problem; if the environment is inviting to pests, they will return whenever possible.
The key to controlling pests is making the environment uninviting, closing off points of
access, and being vigilant in monitoring for infestations.
To determine whether a pest problem exists at the Mallet Chemistry Library, we monitored
the library for the duration of nearly a month. Monitoring revealed a small insect and spider
population active on the west side of the library, where the floor-to-ceiling windows are
located. Otherwise, however, we found very little indication of a pest problem.
Methodology and Materials
36
Sticky traps are the preferred means of monitoring since they allow easy identification of
specific problem areas, guarantee that the bodies found are recent, and hold remains secure
for later investigation. Fifteen sticky traps were placed throughout the Chemistry Library,
near to windows and trashcans, and other locations where insects’ remains had been
previously noticed. The brand of trap used was Trapper Monitor & Insect Trap, a “sturdy 7
inch x 3 ½ inch cardboard trap [which] can be used whole as a large trap or separated along
perforated lines into three smaller traps;” it is manufactured by Bell Laboratories, Inc.
Traps were checked three times after placement, approximately at two-week intervals. Three
missing traps were replaced, with some modification to their locations (see Figure 10 for
Pest Trap Locations Map at the end of this section).
Results
Of the 15 traps, 12 remained empty. Not surprisingly, the three active traps were near to the
windows and to each other. Trap B1, at the base of the large, glass-fronted, wooden cabinet
positioned against the windows of the west wall, showed by far the greatest activity. At the
final count, there were the remains of more than 20 insects and spiders in this trap. (7 were
found at the first investigation, another 10 at the second check, and 3 or 4 more at the third
check). The identifiable bodies were mainly spiders, ants, pillbugs, and beetles. One or two
unidentified insects may have been cockroach nymphs. A second trap (B2), placed at the
other side of the cabinet after this activity was observed, trapped 1 pillbug and two spiders.
Trap A, on the windowsill by the emergency exit in the west wall, trapped one spider and
one ant.
37
Areas in the library that would seem to warrant concern reassuringly yielded nothing: not a
single ant in any of the break room traps, not a single silverfish in the area of the library
prone to flooding. The Chemistry Library certainly houses something of a spider
population, evidenced by the spider bodies in the traps, as well as by a considerable number
of cobwebs found throughout the library. The spiders may account in part for the absence
of many other pests.
What appeared to be an empty cockroach egg case was found adhered to part of a cabinet in
the break room, a little bit below the small refrigerator placed on top of the cabinet.
According to the Clemson University document, Understanding Cockroach Control, “Egg cases
are often glued underneath drawers, and in furniture and appliances, including TV’s,
microwaves, computers, and radios.” Considering that only one has yet been discovered,
and that few actual cockroaches have been seen or trapped,
there is no indication of a serious cockroach infestation.
Nevertheless, it may be wise to have staff members on the
lookout for egg cases that have not yet been found. If they
are found, frequent vacuuming is recommended to remove
egg cases; insecticides do not necessarily affect them.
Good housekeeping is one of the best weapons against pests. As mentioned above, dust
accumulation attracts bugs which feed on the organic matter in the dust. Obviously, food
debris also attracts pests, and Chemistry Library staff members have already noted a seasonal
parade of ants in the break room. David observed that the ants show up when the
temperature outside drops: “once the weather gets warm, they go away.” He mentioned also
38
the occasional cockroach or cricket sighting, although in recent years neither pest has been
seen in large numbers.
Multiple sources, including Better Pest Manangement Control, Inc., reiterate that to counter
cockroach infestations, a key step is to “eliminate harborage and pathway areas by sealing or
screening.” If monitoring with sticky traps continues, it is wise to locate the traps along the
baseboards of a room, where crevices might allow insect entrance. Naturally, monitoring
efforts will take into account the behavior of the species suspected. For example, so-called
“wall-seeking behavior,” cited by L.A. Zycherman in A Guide to Museum Pest Control, is “when
disturbed a cockroach invariably heads for the baseboard and runs along this edge until it
finds safety.”
Happily, the same measures that we take in preserving records materials also serve to make a
space unattractive to insects. It stands to reason that we want to keep library space clean,
cool, and low in relative humidity: as well as protecting the books from direct deterioration,
these conditions discourage pests. Starch-loving silverfish in particular, which are notorious
for the damage they visit upon books and bookbindings, favor moist conditions, for which
reason the area of the library prone to flooding should be closely monitored for infestations.
So far, it appears to be free of pest problems: only near the windows do insects appear to be
particularly active.
39
Pest Trap Locations, Mallet Chemistry Library (see Figure 11 for map)
A) At the NW emergency exit: after trap at the foot of the door disappeared, replacement
was placed on windowsill beside the door.
B1) At the base of the large wooden cabinet positioned against the windows, middle of west
wall: north end of the cabinet.
B2) At south end of same cabinet: trap placed after high activity observed in trap B1.
C) On windowsill, in SW corner of library.
D) At print station: after trap in between metal cabinet and recycling bin disappeared,
replacement was placed at the foot of the copy card dispenser.
E) On the bottom shelf in range R1, 3rd section.
F) At the south wall of the library, underneath the study carrel farthest to the east.
G) At the east emergency exit, on bottom shelf beside microfilm cabinet.
H) Underneath desk, near to north-south running join in the floor. After this trap
disappeared, it was not replaced.
I) At the foot of a pillar, next to the computer workstations.
J) Underneath the circulation desk.
K) Breakroom: next to trashcan, underneath computer desk.
L) Britt’s office: next to microwave.
M) Breakroom: on the floor, beneath the telephone on the north wall.
N) David’s office: in the NE corner.
P) Periodicals room: under small table, in NW corner.
40
Figure 11
41
SECURITY AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Security
Mallet Chemistry Library staff report minimal security concerns. A 3M Model 3802DM
electronic security system (common to all General Libraries members) has protected the
chemistry library collections and holdings for the past three years. Chemistry faculty, staff,
and students exhibit a low vandalism and theft rate, causing minimal damage and loss to
collections. The most notable security breaches are committed by chemistry faculty with key
access. The 3M Video Security System cameras activate upon alarm and catch the offenders
in the act, thereby allowing for recovery of materials after a friendly telephone call reminding
the faculty member of the key agreement rules. The next most common security concern is
damage and theft of books. According to Richard Strassberg in his chapter on library and
archives security in Preservation: Issues and Planning, common methods of reducing these acts
include: 1.) An education campaign making the costs of replacement known to the public,
and 2.) Making examples of apprehended individuals through prosecution and discipline.
Disaster Plan
Known threats to Mallet Chemistry Library have been floods brought on by heavy rains and
intermittent scares caused by chemical spills, fires, and other hazards common to a chemistry
department building.
In any chemistry building, with labs and the like, fires are a common hazard. During the
period 1993-1996, a minimum of 6 fires and evacuations occurred. Following a six-alarm
fire in 1996, the University decided to do a full building safety renovation, or Welch Safety
42
Upgrade which included installing a new alarm system, new showers, new flooring in some
areas, and new fume hoods; the cost of the upgrade was approximately 30 million dollars.
Additionally, the upgrade included installing a wet pipe fire protection system in the entire
building. The sprinkler heads are independently activated.
According to Bill Lull (2003),
“The wet-pipe sprinkler system is the most common and least expensive sprinkler system.
In this type of system the space has piping overhead charged at all times with water under
pressure (hence, “wet pipe”). A fire causes a sprinkler head to open and discharge water.
The water continues to discharge until the sprinkler isolation valve is closed for that area.
Only the heads that have been exposed to the fire open.”
The threat of water to Mallet has come in several forms. First, inadequate and easily clogged
drains in the patio above the library have led to minor floods along the east wall of the
library. Water from planters has leaked through the ceiling along a building joint running
north-south in the back of the library. Within the last few months, however, the University-at the request of the chemistry department--has taken measures to reduce or eradicate these
trouble spots.
The physical plant department subcontracted out work for the addition of two new drains in
the patio. In addition to the previously existing drains, there is now a circular drain, and a
sixteen foot trench drain. In the process, a newer bigger unclogged pipe replaces the
previous four-inch cement-filled drain pipe. Earlier this semester, the building joint (at the
point where the old part of the building meets the newer addition) was sealed. The next step
in water-proofing the Mallet Library is to remove all the problem planters on the patio.
43
Thus far, library materials have evaded water damage, due to the foresight of the staff in
shelving books higher on the shelves in areas where flooding was likely to occur.
The Mallet Chemistry Library has no specific individual disaster plan, but it is covered by the
University of Texas General Libraries Disaster Plan and Emergency Procedures Manual. Of
the two just-mentioned documents, the Emergency Procedures Manual (EPM) is the most
recently revised less than two years ago in November 2001. The EPM (found online at
http://staff.lib.utexas.edu/emergency/index.html) was distributed to all current library
employees. Within the last year, Jennifer Lee, Head Librarian for Preservation Services at
the University of Texas at Austin General Libraries made an inventory of all libraries to
determine whether their emergency supplies were current.
There exists a library wide Disaster Plan. This document was last revised in April 1983. In
the last twenty years, there have been improvements in the field of disaster planning. In the
creation of a new disaster plan, they may wish to follow the example of the some
institutions, for example, the Smithsonian Institution—which has in its disaster plan a
schedule for updating annually. Possible additions to the disaster plan would be a
documentation guide which would give examples and details on properly recording the
disaster and damaged materials for reimbursement and replacement through the university's
self-insurance program. This is to ensure that necessary steps, documentation procedures
are not overlooked in the rush following a disaster.
Another possible recommendation would be to write a disaster plan specifically for Mallet
Chemistry Library, dealing with how to cope with the floods, as the new repairs have yet to
44
be tested. They may want to keep their roll of plastic sheeting around through the next big
rainstorms.
45
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
Commendation
David Flaxbart, and his staff, should be commended for conscientious stewardship of the
library, especially in guiding it through the current revolution in information access. The
library is a well-maintained and much-utilized place in which to learn. It possesses materials
that squarely match the needs of its users, for both historical context and current research.
The library is challenged to keep pace with the changing requirements of their patrons.
Recommendations
As trends indicate increasing demand for access to on-line research, it is recommended that
at least 3 more computer work-stations be added to the central workstation area. The
addition of these new computers will require the rearrangement of the reference area to
accommodate the workstations. Although there has not yet been much demand for wireless
laptop service in this library, it is recommended that a strategy for staff training and
maintenance be developed for the future, especially as the wireless networking has already
been installed.
Library access and usage
The monitoring team recommends that the staff of the Mallet Chemistry Library capitalize
on the respect that chemistry students demonstrate for their materials. It seems rare to have
a library so frequently used show such low rates of vandalism and theft. As concern for
funding and staffing cuts increase, it may be proactive to require, or at the very least,
encourage chemistry students to assist in the care of the library as part of their curriculum.
46
A course in chemistry history might be appropriate, or perhaps the various student
associations might participate.
Additionally, there may be opportunities to recruit
chemistry students into the field of conservation science, via a collaborative program with
either UT’s Preservation and Conservation Studies program, or UT’s General Libraries
Preservation Services department. The Mallet Library stands to benefit from such a project
through direct attention to the collection, and through public relations attention for an
innovative approach to interdisciplinary learning.
Temperature and relative humidity
The instability of relative humidity during cold fronts is of particular interest to the
monitoring team. The drop in RH from 50% to 25% is correlated with a drop in exterior
temperature, which, in turn, appears to have caused the heating system to introduce warm air
into the interior, drying the environment dramatically, while keeping the interior temperature
fairly constant. Current standards for the preservation of books and paper state that
significant deterioration can occur when materials are subjected to such wide variance and
cycling of relative humidity.
This variance leads to expansion and contraction of the
materials, and can cause damage as the items attempt to equilibrate with their environment.
Further, leather and paper may dry to the point of embrittlement at RH lower than 35%.
The ideal RH for a library is between 40-50%. It is strongly recommended that the Mallet
Chemistry Library add a simple humidification process to the heating system for those
occasions when the temperature is expected to drop suddenly. Because the space is
relatively small and the air flow patterns appear to be efficient (as indicated by the strong
positive pressure within the library), one or two well-placed, stand-alone humidifiers may be
sufficient. Consumer grade humidifiers are widely available for less $100 (some brands
47
include Holmes, Hunter, and Duracraft), and important factors to keep in mind when
selecting a humidifier include the type of filter used (and its replacement cost) and a silently
running machine. Combination air filters and humidifiers are available, but range between
$200 and $400.
Air quality
Results of recent mold testing conclude that there are no issues of concern at this time.
However, because of the severity of a potential health risk, the monitoring team
recommends that mold testing be done after every incidence of flooding.
While there is no current evidence of gaseous pollutants caused by building or maintenance
materials, any new construction, such as the proposed patio renovation, or re-organization
of internal library space, should be given time to offgas before people and collections are
allowed to enter.
The presence of a positive pressure environment is evident when entering the library, as
indicated by an outward burst of air felt when opening the front door.
It is recommended
that maintenance of this condition will continue to keep any pests, gaseous or particulate
pollutants out of the Library air circulation. It is further recommended that the HVAC
system receive regular maintenance, including the frequent replacement of filters and
cleaning of ductwork. Book cleaning, performed once a year, should use a collection
vacuum which will not blow the dust back into the air.
48
Light
One of the most significant light monitoring findings was the difference between UV levels
of the north and south aspects of the West window, related to use of window blinds. It is
therefore recommended that the blinds be kept closed along the Northern section of the
West window. If patrons continue to open the blinds, the library may have to resort to a
window coating. Light levels fell within recommended standards, and do not threaten the
collection, as it now exists. UV filtration is recommended, however, for long-term exhibits
and special collections material. It is also recommended that staff continue their policy of
removing books from the top shelves of the stacks throughout the library, especially where
the dropped ceiling increases proximity to the light source, and therefore increases risk of
light damage. When space demands necessitate use of the top shelves, UV filtering sleeves
will be recommended.
Pest management
Two areas of pest presence were identified. First, the staff break room has a seasonal
occurrence of ants. Ants often enter buildings seeking water and food. It is recommended
that housekeeping be stepped up during these occurrences, and that all food and water be
kept in air-tight containers. While the exclusion of food from any library is an ongoing
battle, every effort should be made to educate students and staff as to the importance of
keeping bugs out of the books. As indicated above, frequent vacuuming and dusting of the
collection and the environment will also diminish insect activity. As the Preservation
Department of the General Libraries apparently has only one vacuum cleaner, it is
recommended that they be encouraged to purchase several new ones, and to develop a
strategy for rotation between campus libraries.
49
The second area involves the rare books case, located in the center of the West wall, along
the window. The location of the case is at issue due to the fact that pest carcasses were
found nearby with more frequency than at other locations. It is recommended that this case
be moved away from the window, but that the items continue to be protected from UV and
fluorescent light. The new location must also guarantee the items from theft, and should
not, of course, be placed near areas known to be flood prone. The most advantageous area
may be close to the circulation desk, or in the current periodicals room, and it may be
necessary to coat the cabinet windows with a UV filter.
Additionally, the case should be
monitored to determine if it is the current location that is the problem, or if the books
themselves are attracting pests. If no new location can be found for the bookcase, it may be
more efficient to obtain a smaller, table-top case, or to fit a standard shelving unit, within
sight of the circulation desk, with a screened “cage”. The monitoring team further
recommends that the windows and west door be re-sealed.
Security
The Chemistry Library staff note that there is little vandalism and theft in their location.
The monitoring team recommends that this fact be publicized, as a point of pride, among
the chemistry department, and that this phenomenon be examined as a positive deterrent for
security problems in other campus libraries.
Disaster Plan
It is recommended that the Chemistry Library adapt the forthcoming University-wide
Disaster Plan to the particular needs of a fire- and explosion-potential environment. In
50
particular, it is recommended that the Chemistry Library ensure that any disaster events are
thoroughly documented, in order to facilitate recovery. Although the Library is situated
well-away from chemistry laboratories, it does seem to have a higher risk than other libraries.
A periodic re-examination of fire-suppression equipment is suggested.
The team also recommends that the new drainage system and building joint seal be
monitored closely during the next heavy rainfall to determine their effectiveness, and to
determine if the more invasive patio renovation is still necessary to prevent flooding and
leakage.
Conclusion
The 2003 Mallet Chemistry Library Environmental Monitoring Team examined Air Quality,
Pest Management, Light, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Security, Access and Usage, and
Disaster Preparedness according to current Circulating Collections Preservation and
Conservation standards. Recommendations have been presented to the Mallet Library and
General Libraries Preservation Department staff. The Mallet Library staff were welcoming
and readily accessible to the Monitoring Team, for which we are grateful. They have a deep
understanding of their patrons' needs, and a commitment to providing the best possible
environment. The environmental monitoring team is grateful to have had this unique
learning opportunity.
51
REFERENCES
History
Chemistry at the University of Texas, The New Chemistry Building: 1931 – to the Present.
Retrieved on April 14, 2003 from http://www.lib.utexas.edu/chem/history/welch.html
Edger Everhart. Retrieved on April 10, 2003 at
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/chem/history/everhart.html
Earliest Known Chemistry Library Report to the University Librarian. Retrieved April 12
from http://www.lib.utexas.edu/chem/history/rpt1924.html
Tanamachi, C. (1998, February 8). UT labs safer, say fire officials. . The Austin American
Statesman retreived from http://nl.newsbank.com/nlsearhg/we/Archives?s_hidethis+no&p_product+AASB&p_theme+aasb&p_action=search
&p_maxdoc.
The Mallet Chemistry Library: A History. Retrieved April 8, from
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/chem/history/mallethist.html
Library Personnel; Collection Use and Description
About the Chemistry Library. (2003) Retrieved April 15, 2003 from The University of Texas at
Austin, Mallet Chemistry Library Web site: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/chem/about.html.
David Flaxbart (personal communication, April 15, 2003)
Britt Wilson (personal communication, April 15, 2003)
James Galloway (personal communication, April 15, 2003)
Flaxbart, David. (2003). Gate Count Chart. (author).
Temperature and Relative Humidity Monitoring
The Old Farmer’s Almanac. (2003). Minimum and Maximum temperatures, and weather
conditions from February 26 – April 14, 2003. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from
http://www.almanac.com
United States Weather Pages. (2003). Relative humidity readings for Camp Mabry (KATT):
February 25 – April 10, 2003. 1440 data points. Retrieved April 10, 2003 from
http://www.uswx.com/us/stn/
52
Air Quality
Applebaum, Barbara (1991). Guide to Environmental Protection of Collections. Conn:
Sound View Press.
Florian, Mary-Lou E.(2002). Fungal Facts: Solving Fungal Problems in Heritage
Collections. London, Archtype Publications Ltd.
“PRESERVATION 101: An Internet Course on Paper Preservation, Lesson 5:
Housekeeping.” Northeast Document Conservation Center. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from
http://www.nedcc.org
Young Hun Yoon and Peter Brimblecombe, “Soiling by Course Particles in the Museum
Environment.” Retrieved April 15, 2003 from the Indoor Air Quality in Museums and
Archives Website, http://iaq.dk/iap/iaq2000/2000_15.htm
Light
Brill, Thomas B. (1980). Light: Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities. New York: Plenum
Press.
Lull, William P. (2000). Selected Notes on Museum / Library Lighting. Garrison / Lull Inc.
Michalski, Stefan (1987). “Damage to Museum Objects by Visible and Ultraviolet Light.”
Proceedings from the Conference on Lighting in Museums, Galleries, and Historic Houses.
London: UKIC.
Thomson, Garry (1986). The Museum Environment. London, Butterworths.
Pest Management
Bell Laboratories, Inc. (Updated October 16, 2002.) Products: Glues Boards: Trapper
Monitor. http://www.belllabs.com/cgi/products
Benson, E. P., & Zungoli, P. A. (Revised 2001.) Understanding cockroach control.
Clemson University. http://cipm.ncsu.edu/ent/Southern_Region/RIPM/
Better Pest Control Inc. (2000-2003). Integrated Pest Management For Your Home.
http://www.betterpestcontrol.com/ipm.html
Florian, Mary Lou E (1997). Heritage Eaters: Insects and Fungi in Heritage Collections.
London, James & James Ltd.
Harvey, R. (1993). Preservation in libraries: a reader. London: Bowker-Saur.
53
The National Committee to Save America’s Cultural Collections. (1992). Caring for
your collections. New York, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
Zycherman, L. A., & Schrock, J. R. (1988). A guide to museum pest control.
Published jointly by the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of
Historic and Artistic Works and by the Association of Systematics Collections.
Security and Distaster Plan
Conservation Online: Disaster Plans. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/plans/
Lull, William P. (2003, February). Conservation Environment Guidelines for Libraries and Archives –
1998 DRAFT. Talk presented to the Preservation and Conservation Studies Program,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
Strassberg, R. (2000). Library and Archives Security. In P. Banks, R. Pilette (Eds.),
Preservation Issues and Planning (pp.166-184). Chicago, American Library Association.
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APPENDIX F
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
Temperature and Relative Humidity Monitoring
 Isuzu 10360-7 Thermo-hygrograph
Measures relative humidity and temperature in F°. Price: about $1000.00
 Hobo H8 Family Dataloggers
Measures relative humidity, temperature F° and C°, and light intensity. Price: $95.00
each
 Hobo H8 Family Pro Series Dataloggers
Measures relative humidity and temperature F° and C°. Produces better quality
temperature graphs than H8 Family Dataloggers. Price: $159.00
 Aspirating Psychrometer
Measures relative humidity. It is used to calibrate the thermo-hygrograph.
Light Monitoring

ELSEC 764 UV+ Monitor
This single instrument enables measurement of the four parameters that cause most
damage to buildings, valuable objects, documents etc: ultra-violet and visible radiation,
humidity and temperature. Using the 764, measurements can be taken of the proportion
of UV present (mW/lumen),the total amount of UV (mW/M©˜), the amount of visible
light present as Lux or Foot-candles. Temperature can be measured in °C or °F,
humidity is shown as % Relative Humidity (%RH) and dew point. The displayed units
can easily be changed by the user. Provision is made for user calibration of the RH
sensor using saturated salt solutions. A calibration kit is available as an optional extra.
Another optional setup allows the ELSEC to function as a datalogger.
Available from archival suppliers for approximately $1500

UV Filtering Tubes for Fluorescent Lights
Tubes encases fluorescent lighting bulb, reducing UV by 92 – 98% and protecting
collection storage areas from broken glass, phosphor gases.
48” tubes $139.95 / package 24 from Gaylord
Pest Management

Trapper Monitor & Insect Trap
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A “sturdy 7 inch x 3 ½ inch cardboard trap [which] can be used whole as a large trap or
separated along perforated lines into three smaller traps.” Manufactured by Bell
Laboratories, Inc.
A wide variety of pest traps are available from archival suppliers, and traps to attract and
document particular types of bugs exist. For products from University Products
Archival Suppliers, visit
<http://www.archivalsuppliers.com/shop/subcategory842.html>
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APPENDIX E
CHEMISTRY LIBRARY ACCESS CARDS: RULES AND POLICIES
Please retain this page for future reference. Failure to observe the policies regarding library
access privileges could result in the revocation of your card.
1. Access cards to the Chemistry Library are available ONLY to Professors, Associate
Professors, and Assistant Professors of the Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
2. Access cards may NOT be loaned to anyone for any reason; nor may a cardholder permit
entry to others.
3. After hours access is for use of library materials in the library ONLY. Library
property or materials may NOT be checked out or removed from the Library.
4. If a faculty member terminates, he/she must return his/her access card to the Chemistry
Librarian.
5. Faculty who enter the library after hours are responsible for leaving it as they found it.
Food, beverages, and smoking are never permitted in the library.
6. Lost cards are to be reported immediately to the Chemistry Librarian, who will then make
sure the card is alarmed.
7. Inoperative cards will be exchanged at no cost; however, damaged, lost or stolen cards
will be replaced upon payment of a $3.00 charge to Lock & Key Services.
8. The access card is and remains the property of the University of Texas at Austin.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
1. When the red light on the card slot is OFF, insert your card according to the arrows and
withdraw it immediately. The red light will go ON. Your name and card number are
recorded on a central computer, along with the time of entry.
2. Enter the library, and MAKE SURE THE DOOR CLOSES QUICKLY BEHIND
YOU. The door will then lock behind you. If the door remains open for more than ten seconds, a
beeping alarm will sound. At this time you have SIX SECONDS to close the door before UT Police are
alerted.
3. When you are ready to leave the library press the EXIT button on the keypad near the
door. You will then have ten seconds to leave and close the door behind you. Don't forget to
turn off the lights!
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If you have any problems with your card, or any questions regarding these policies,
contact the Chemistry Librarian at 495-4600.