PHN Curriculum: HIV/AIDS Module
Session Outline
Session Objectives:
At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Describe the global HIV/AIDS program context;
• Identify necessary components of an M&E system for an HIV/AIDS program
environment; and
• Apply basic M&E concepts to HIV/AIDS program areas
Session Overview:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Program context (10 slides) - 20 minutes
M&E implications of program context (7 slides) - 20 minutes
Applying general M&E principles to HIV/AIDS programs (8 slides) - 20 minutes
Example of applying general M&E principles: HTC programs (11 slides) - 35
minutes
5. HIV program impact (6 slides) - 15 minutes
Total = 110 minutes
Method of Session:
PowerPoint presentation
Discussions
Group work and presentation
Duration
Facilitator presentations and discussion- 110 minutes
Group work and presentation- 105 minutes
References and Resources*:
UNAIDS. 2010. Strategic Guidance for Evaluating HIV Programmes.
http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2010/12_7_
MERG_Guidance_Evaluating%20HIV_PreventionProgrammes.pdf.
USAID. 2011. Evaluation: Learning from Experience: USAID Evaluation Policy.
http://www.usaid.gov/evaluation/.
Padian, et. al. 2011. Implementation Science for the President’s Emergency Plan for
AIDS relief (PEPFAR). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 56(3): 199-203.
Topp, et al. 2011. Opt-out provider initiated HIV testing and counseling in primary care
outpatient clinics in Zambia. Bull World Health Organ 89:328-335A.
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WHO and partners, 2011. Guide to monitoring and evaluating national HIV testing and
counselling (HTC) programmes.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501347_eng.pdf
Useful Web Sites, Databases, and Tools*:
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CRIS 3.0: http://www.cris3.org.
DQA guidance and tools: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/dqa .
SAVVY guidance and tools: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/tools/monitoringevaluation-systems/savvy
WHO HIV/AIDS Strategic Information: http://www.who.int/hiv/strategic/me/en/
UNAIDS Monitoring and Evaluation:
http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/tools/monitoringandevaluationguidanceand
tools/
Global HIV M&E Information:
http://www.globalhivmeinfo.org/Pages/HomePage.aspx
UNAIDS Indicator Registry: http://www.indicatorregistry.org
PEPFAR next generation indicators reference guide:
http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/81097.pdf
UNGASS indicators (updated 2010):
http://data.unaids.org/pub/manual/2009/jc1676_core_indicators_2009_en.pdf
HIV/AIDS Survey Indicators Database. http://www.measuredhs.com .
*All Web sites accessed July 21, 2011.
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CLASS ACTIVITIES
Possible Class Activity 1.
(Optional 20 minutes – may replace section 2 where the facilitator may fill gaps after
group discussions)
Objective:
 Extract M&E implications of the HIV/AIDS program context.
At the end of the first section of the class (Context), divide students into small groups.
Ask them to complete the following table by identifying at least 5 key points from the
lecture and then identifying at least one implication for M&E from that point.
Program Context
M&E Implications
At the end of the group work, each group reports out on their completed table. Record
results of feedback on a flip chart and then compare with the M&E implications in the
PowerPoint slides for section 2 of the session.
Instructor Note: this activity could replace the PowerPoint slides for Section 2 of the
session; i.e., section 2 would be done as an interactive exercise with the instructor filling
in any gaps that were not identified in the group work. Or it could serve as an
introduction to Section 2 with the lecture reinforcing the points made in the group work
and filling in gaps. In either case the PowerPoint slides for Section 2 should not be
distributed ahead of time and the facilitator will need to react to the points raised rather
than following the speaker note script exactly.
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Possible Class Activity 2:
(25 minutes)
Objectives:
 Reinforce general M&E principles around frameworks and indicators from earlier
sessions
 Practice applying these principles to HIV/AIDS program areas.
Consider the following example from a national AIDS program in Africa:
Program Goal: Prevent the spread of HIV epidemic & minimise its impact on society by
2005
Development Objective 1: Reduction of HIV prevalence
Development Objective 2: Improved health & quality of life of people infected &
affected by HIV/AIDS
Development Objective 3: Strengthened capacity of the National AIDS Council &
stakeholders to respond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic at all levels through:
a) mitigation of negative socioeconomic impact
b) improved research, monitoring & evaluation
c) improved management & coordination
Logical Framework Matrix
Narrative Summary
Verifiable Indicators
GOAL

Prevent the spread of HIV epidemic
& minimise its impact on society by
2005
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DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE 1
Reduction of HIV prevalence
Output 1.1
Improved awareness & positive
behaviour change attained among
priority groups
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Output 1.2 Improved supply,
storage & use of safe blood &
blood products
Output 1.3 Improved treatment
& control of STDs
Output 1.4 Prevent mother to
child transmission of HIV
Output 1.5 Increased access to
VCT services
October 13, 2004
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Means of Verification
Assumptions
Percentage of young people aged 15 – 24 who are
HIV-infected UNGASS 3.1
Target: 20% reduction from 2003 to 2010
Percentage of pregnant women attending ANC who
are aged 15 –24 who are HIV-infected
Target: 20% reduction from 2000 to 2005
Poverty Index
Target: 10% reduction from 2000 to 2005
Life expectancy at birth
Target: 5 year increase from 2000 to 2005
Growth in GNP
Target: no decrease in GNP due to HIV/AIDS by
2005
 PRSP/Ministry of Finance &
Planning
Poverty Index: will need to
discuss with MoFP to see if
this is a Realistic target.
 DHS 2003
 ANC Sentinel surveillance
The national prevalence
rates will be derived from
DHS data. The targeted
reduction would need to be
measured during the year of
the next DHS.
Percentage of people aged 15 – 49 who are HIVinfected categorised by gender and region
Target: 20% reduction from 2003 to 2010
Percentage of HIV-infected infants born to HIVinfected mothers UNGASS 3.2
Target: 20% reduction by 2005
 DHS
Percentage of young people aged 15 – 24 who both
correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual
transmission of HIV and who reject major
misconceptions about HIV transmission UNGASS 2.7
Target: 90% by 2005
% of sexually active respondents who had sex with a
non-spousal, non-regular partner within the previous
12 months (disaggregated by target group)
Percentage of young people aged 15 – 24 reporting
the use of a condom during sexual intercourse with a
non-regular sexual partner UNGASS 2.8
Median age at first sex among 15-24 year age group
Increased rate of condom sales by geographical area
(relating sales to population size)
Percentage of schools with teachers who have been
trained in life-skills-based HIV/AIDS education and
who taught it during the last academic year UNGASS
2.1
Percentage of large enterprises/companies that have
HIV/AID workplace policies and programmes
UNGASS 2.2
Percentage of IDUs who have adopted behaviours
that reduce transmission of HIV UNGASS 2.6
 CBS/Ministry of Finance &
Planning
 /Ministry of Finance &
Planning
 MTC transmission rate
calculated per Declaration of
Commitment core indicator
documentation
 Sample survey of awareness
& behaviour among priority
groups
 BSS/DHS
 BSS/DHS
 BSS 2002, 2005
 Condom sales figures from
PSI, & distribution data from
MoH
 Ministry of Education
ANC surveillance will be
used to indicate trends in
infection rates.
 Traditional & religious
leaders provide support to
the dissemination of
behaviour change
messages
 Increasing willingness
among general population
to practice safe sex,
particularly among 15-24
year age group
 UNGASS Workplace
indicator could be
included under 2.1
 World Bank Survey
 ?
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Divide the participants into groups and ask each group to critique the program goals and
the logical framework shown. Possible points the group should discuss are:
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Are these objectives SMART? Look at one in particular.
Compare the Logical Framework Matrix to the basic structure that was presented
in the Frameworks Session. Is this filled out correctly?
Look at the verifiable indicators for Output 1.1. Would you have put these here?
Are they measuring the output?
Are the indicators consistent with global standards? Are they feasible to collect?
Possible Class Activity 3:
(60 minutes)
Objectives:
 Familiarize participants with UNAIDS indicator guidance documents and
standard indicators for another HIV program area (other than HTC)
 Practice developing a framework
 Practice selecting indicators based on a framework
 Identify data collection implications of indicator selection
At the end of the HTC section, divide participants into groups. Each group should include
at least one participant who is familiar with HIV/AIDS programs. Ask each group to
select an HIV/AIDS program area and develop a simple M&E framework for that
program area covering the basic components of inputs, process, outputs, outcomes, and
impacts. [Alternatively, select 1-3 program areas ahead of time and ask groups to choose
from those]. Then ask each group to select up to 5 indicators to monitor the different
components of the framework they have developed using international standard indicator
guidelines, and construct a summary table of the data sources they would need to collect
the indicators selected. At the end of the group work, each group presents their
framework, indicators and data sources for wider discussion. Class discussion could also
include discussion of the feasibility of collecting the indicators selected and establishing
the data collection systems in the participants’ countries.
Resources: Participants will need copies of the UNAIDS indicator guidance that covers
relevant program areas in order to select indicators.
Instructor Note: This is an extension of Class Activity 3 and will require a fairly
substantial amount of time for group work (minimum 1 hour). Another variant on this
theme could be to focus only on the development of the framework (objective 2).
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