REFERENCES ON SUPERVISION
In an ongoing focus on supervision in the past few years, PAA is pleased to post a
reference list of readings in the area. Those providing supervision to provisional
psychologists will hopefully find this useful, as would those psychologists who are
just entering the profession who will be under supervision or supervisors themselves
in the future. The list is a comprehensive, but probably not an exhaustive set of
references which provides the major works and statements that have been published
in the last 20 years. It is split into standards and guidelines, general references and
multicultural references related to supervision training and issues. The Committee
on Supervision will review the list from time to time and update it each year based
on published articles or books. If you have come across any reference that is not
here and feel that it is an important addition, by all means, send it to the Association
office.
Thank you to the following psychologists for compiling the list for members:
Jean Pettifor, Bob van Mastrigt, Marilyn Samuels, Sandra Collins, Walter Goos, Carla
Diduck and Glenda Malina
Standards and Guidelines
Standards of Practice – Sections 3.1, 15.1, 16 and 17 (2005) College of Alberta
Psychologists
Standards for Psychologists Supervising Persons Not Regulated by the College of Alberta
Psychologists (March, 2001). College of Alberta Psychologists.
Supervision Guidelines (Revised - 2003) Association of State and Provincial Psychology
Boards.
Supervisors and Registered Provisional Psychologists (Revised - 2006) Form A and
Form B. College of Alberta Psychologists Guidelines.
Supervisors and Registered Provisional Psychologists (2006) College of Alberta
Psychologists (2006)
Addressing Unacceptable Performance of Registered Provisional Psychologists (2002).
College of Alberta Psychologists
Mutual recognition agreement of the regulatory bodies for professional psychologists in
Canada. (2001). Retrieved April 18, 2007, from http://www.cpa.ca/documents/MRA.pdf
Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Third Edition) (2000) Canadian
Psychological Association.
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Canadian Psychological Association – Ethical Guidelines for Supervision in Psychology:
Teaching, Research, Practice and Administration. ( February, 2009)
Supervision Guidelines Revised 2003. (2003) Final Report of the ASPPB Task Force on
Supervision Guidelines. Montgomery, AL: Association of State and Provincial
Psychology Boards.
Canadian Psychological Association. (1996/2001). Guidelines for psychologists
addressing recovered memories. Prepared for CPA by S. Crozier & J.
Pettifor. Ottawa, ON: author.
Canadian Psychological Association Section on Women and Psychology (SWAP).
(1980). Guidelines for therapy and counselling with women. Ottawa, ON: Author.
Canadian Psychological Association Section on Women and Psychology (SWAP).
(2007). Guidelines for Ethical Psychological Practice with Women. Ottawa,
ON: Author.
Canadian Psychological Association. (1980). Guidelines for therapy and counselling
with women. Prepared by J. Pettifor, C. Larsen, & L. Cammaert for CPA.
Ottawa, ON: Author.
Canadian Psychological Association. (1996/2001). Guidelines for non-discriminatory
practice. (Rev. ed.). Ottawa, ON: Author.
General References
Allen , G.J., Szollos, Sandor, J., & Williams, B.E. (1986) Doctoral students’ comparative
evaluations of the best and worst psychotherapy supervision . Professional Psycholpgy:
Research and Practice, 1096, 17 (2), 91-99.
Allen, T.D., & Poteet, M.L. (1999). Developing effective mentoring relationships:
Strategies from the mentor’s viewpoint. Career Development Quarterly, 4, 59-73.
Alonso, A., & Rutan, S. (1988) Shame and guilt in psychotherapy supervision.
Psychotherapy, 25 (4), 576-581.
Alonso, A. (2000). On being skilled and deskilled as a psychotherapy supervisor.
Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 9, 55-61.
Amundson, J. Why We Need To Begin Thinking More About Supervision. Psymposium
15 (3) 12-14.
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Barnett, J.E., Cornish, J.A., Goodyear, R.K., & Lichtenberg, J.W. (2007). Commentaries
on the ethical and effective practice of clinical supervision. Professional Psychology:
Research and Practice, 38, 268-275.
Bartell, P. A., & Rubin, L. J. (1990). Dangerous liaisons: Sexual intimacies in
supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 442-450.
Beutler, L.E., & Howard, M. (2003) Training in psychotherapy: Why supervision does
not work. The Clinical Psychologist, 56(4), 12-16.
Berger, S. S., & Buchholz, E. S. (1993). On becoming a supervisee: Preparation for
learning in a supervisory relationship. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice,
Training, 30, 86-92.
Bernard, J.M., (1997). The discrimination model. In C.E. Watkins (Ed.), Handbook of
psychotherapy supervision (pp 310-327). New York: Wiley.
Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2004). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (3rd
ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Bob, S. (1999). Narrative approaches to supervision and case formulation.
Psychotherapy, 36(2), 146-153.
Bond Claire, J., Valus, L., & Dwyer, E. (2000). Supervisor and intern perspectives on
supervision. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 7, 187-193.
Bradley, L.J. & Ladnay, N. (Eds.) (2001) Counselor Supervision: Principles, process
and practice, 3rd Ed., Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.
Bridge, P., & Bascus, L. O. (1990). Documentation of psychotherapy supervision.
Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 8(1), 79-86.
Carifio, M. S., & Hess, A. K. (1987). Who is the ideal supervisor? Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice, 18, 244-250.
Clark, R.A. Haren, S.L. & Johnson, W.B. (2000) Mentor relationships in clinical
psychology doctoral training: Results of a nationl survey. Teaching of Psychology, 27,
262-268.
Church, E. (2006). Competent to supervise? Psynopsis, Winter/Hiver, 5.
Cikanek, K., McCarthy Veach, P., & Braun, C. (2004). Advanced doctoral students’
knowledge and understanding of clinical supervisor ethical responsibilities: A
brief report. The Clinical Supervisor, 23(1), 191-196.
Constantine, M. G. (2001). Perspectives on multicultural supervision. Journal of
4
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29, 98-101.
Cobia, D.C., & Boes, S.R. (2000). Professional disclosure statements and formal plans
for supervision: Two strategies for minimizing the risk of ethical conflicts in postmaster’s supervision. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 293-296.
De las Fuentes, C., Willmuth, M.E. & Yarrow, C. (2005). Competency training in
education and practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36 (4) , 362366.
Delourme, A., Edmond, et al. (2007). La supervision en psychanalyse et en
psychothérapie. Paris: Dunod.
De Perrot, E. (1995). De la supervision de la psychothérapie d’inspiration
psychanalytique: Essai sur la dimension pédagogique. Psychothérapies, XV,
125-126.
De Perrot, E. (1996). De la supervision de la psychothérapie d’inspiration
psychanalytique: Essai sur le maniement du contre-transfert. Psychothérapies,
16, 93-100.
De Perrot, E., Rozmuski-Dreyfus, C., Schneider, P-B., & Stauffacher, M. (2002). La
supervision de la psychothérapie. Paris: Masson.
Disney, M.J. & Stephens, A.M. (1994) Legal issues in clinical supervision. The ACA
Legal Series (Vol. 10). Alexandria, Virginia : American Counseling Association.
Ellis, M.V. & Ladany, N. (1997) Inferences concerning supervisees and clients in cliical
supervision : An integrative review. In C. E. Watkins, Jr. Handbook of Psychotherapy
Supervision (pp. 447-507). New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Epstein, R.M., & Hundert, E.M. (2002). Defining and assessing professional competence.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 226-235.
Falender, C.A., Collins, & Shafranske (2004). Use of the term “impairment” in
psychology supervision. APPIC Newsletter.
Falender, C.A., Cornish, J.A., Goodyear, R., Hatcher, R., Kaslow, N.J., Leventhal, G., et
al. (2004). Defining competencies in psychology supervision: A consensus statement.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 771-787.
Falender, C. A., & Shafranske, E. P. (2004). Clinical supervision: A competencybased approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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Falender, C.A., & Shafranske, E.P. (2007). Competence in competency-based
supervision practice: Construct and application. Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice, 38, 232-240.
Falender, C.A., & Shafranske, E.P. (Eds.) (2008) Casebook for Clinical Supervisors; A
competency-based approach. Wsahington, D.C. American Psychological Association.
Fedida, P. (1983). La supervision des cures psychothérapeutiques et la question du
tiers, Psychothérapies,III,(1),19-26.
Finkelstein , Harris & Tuckman, Ari. (1997) Supervision of Psychological Assessment :
A developmental model. Professional Psychology : Research and Practice, 28(1), 9295.
Frawley-O’Dea, M.G. & Sarnat, J.E. (2001). The Supervisory Relationship : A
contemporary psychodynamic approach. New York : Guilford.
Fukuyama, M.A. (1994). Critical incidents in multi-cultural supervision: A
phenomenological approach to supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision: 34,
142-151.
Gatmon, D., Jackson, D., Koshkarian, L., Martos-Perry, N., Molina, A., Patel, N., et
al. (2001). Exploring ethnic, gender, and sexual orientation variables in
supervision: Do they really matter? Journal of Multicultural Counseling and
Development, 29, 102-113.
Goodyear, R.K. & Bernard, J.M. (1998) Clinical Supervision: Lessons from the literature.
Counselor Education and Supervision, 38, 6-22.
Goodyear, R. K., Crego, C. A., & Johnston, M. W. (1992). Ethics issues in the
supervision of student research: A study of critical incidents. Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 203-210.
Goodyear, R. K. & Nelson, M.L. (1997) The major formats of psychotherapy
supervision. In C.E. Watkins, Jr. (Ed.) Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. New
York: Wiley
Gottlieb, M.C., Robinson, K., & Youngren, J.N. (2007). Multiple relations in supervision:
Guidance for administrators, supervisors, and students. Professional Psychology:
Research and Practice, 38, 241-247.
Green, D., & Dye, L. (2003). How should we best train clinical psychology supervisors?
A Delphi survey. Psychology Learning and Teaching, 2, 108-115.
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Gutheil, T.G., & Gabbard, G.O. (1993). The concept of boundaries in clinical practice:
Theoretical and risk-management dimensions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150,
188-196.
Gray, L.A. Ladany, N. Walker, J.A. & Ancis, J.R. Psychotherapy trainees’ experience of
counterproductive events in supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(4), 371383.
Harrar, W. R., VandeCreek, L., & Knapp, S. (1990). Ethical and legal aspects of
clinical supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 3741.
Hamilton, J.C. & Spruill, J. (1999) Identifying and reducing risk factors related to
trainee-client sexual misconduct. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,
30(3), 318-327.
Haynes, R., Corey, G., & Moulton, P. (2003). Clinical supervision for the helping
professions: A practical guide. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Hawkins, P., & Shohet, R. (2000). Supervision in the Helping Professions (2nd Ed.).
Berkshire, United Kingdom: Open University Pres.
Henderson, C. E., Stringer Cawyer, C., & Watkins, C. E., Jr. (1999). A comparison of
student and supervisor perceptions of effective practicum supervision. The
Clinical Supervisor, 18(1), 47-74.
Herrmann, N. (1996). Supervisior evaluation: From theory to implementation. Academic
Psychiatry, 20(4), 205-211.
Hoffman, L.W. (1994). The training of psychotherapy supervisors: A barren landscape.
Psychotherapy in private practice 13, 23-42.
Holloway, E.L. (1995) Clinical Supervision: A systems approach. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage
Holloway, E.L., & Neufeldt, S.A. (1995). Supervision: Its contributions to treatment
efficacy. Counselling and Clinical Psychology, 63, 207-213.
Holloway, E., & Carroll, M. (Eds.). (1999). Training counselling supervisors:
Strategies, methods, and techniques. London: Sage.
Huwe, J. M., & Johnson, W. B. (2003). On being an excellent protégé: What
graduate students need to know. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy,
17, 41-57.
Johnson, W.B. & Huwe, J.M.(2002) Toward a typology of mentorship dysfunction in
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graduate school. Psychotherapy: Theory/Research/Practice/Training, 39(1) 44-55.
Johnson, E.A., & Stewart, D.W. (2000). Clinical supervision in Canadian academic and
service settings: The importance of education, training, and workplace support for
supervisor development. Canadian Psychology, 41, 124-130.
Johnson, W. B. (2002). The intentional mentor: Strategies and guidelines for the
practice of mentoring. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33,
88-96.
Johnson, W. B., Huwe, J. M., & Lucas, J. L. (2000). Rational mentoring. Journal of
Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 18, 39-54.
Kanz, J. E. (2001). Clinical-supervision.com: Issues in the provision of online
supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 415-420.
Knapp, S.J., & VandeCreek, L.D. (1997). Ethical and legal aspects of clinical
supervision. In C.W. Watkins, Jr. (2nd ed.) Handbook of Psychotherapy Supervision (pp
589-599). New York. John Wiley.
Knapp, S.J., & VandeCreek, L.D. (2006). Practical ethics for psychologists. Washington,
DC:
Ladany, N. (2002) Psychotherapy supervision: How dressed is the emperor?
Psychotherapy Bulletin, 37, 14-18.
Ladany, N., Constantine, M.G., Miler, K. Erickson, C.D. & Muse-Burke, J.L. (2000)
Supervisor coutertransference: A qualitative investigation into its identification and
description. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1) 102-105.
Ladany, M., Friedlander, M. L., & Nelson, M. L. (2005). Critical events in
psychotherapy supervision: An interpersonal approach. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Ladany, N. &Lehrman – Waterman, D. (1999). The content and frequency of supervisor
self disclosures and their relationship to supervisor style and supervisory working
alliance. Counselor Education and Supervision, 38, 143-160.
Lamb, D.H., Catanzaro, S.J. & Morman, A.S. (2003) Psychologists reflect on their sexual
relationships with clients, supervisees, and students : Occurrence, impact, rationales, and
collegial intervention. Professional Psychology : Research and Practice, 29, 498-503.
Lecomte. C. (2002). La supervision clinique: un espace de réflexion pour le
développement de la compétence professionnelle. Prisme, 39, 184-191.
Lecomte, C., Castonguay, L-G., Cyr, M., & Sabourin, S. (1993). Supervision and
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instruction in psychotherapy integration in C. Stricker & J. Gold (Eds.).
Comprehensive handbook in psychotherapy integration. New York, NY: Plenum.
Lecomte, C., & Savard, R. (2004). La supervision clinique: Un processus de réflexion
essentiel au développement de la compétence professionnelle. Dans T. Lecomte et C.
Leclerc, Manuel de réadaptation psychiatrique. Presses de l’Université du Quebec.
Lecomte, C.,Savard, C., Drouin, M.S., & Guillon, V. (2004). Qui sont les
psychothérapeutes efficaces? Implications pour la formation en psychologie
clinique. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 25, 73-102.
Magnuson, S., Wilcoxon, S.A. & Norem, K. (2000). A profile of lousy
supervision :Experienced counselors’ perspectives. Counselor Education and
Supervision, 39, 18-202.
Milne, D.L. & James, I A. (2002). The observed impact of training on competence in
clinical supervision. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 55-77.
Nelson, M. L., & Friedlander, M. L. (2001). A close look at conflictual supervisory
relationships: The trainee’s perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology,
48, 384-395.
Nicholson, I.R. (2006). But are you competent? Psynopsis, Winter/Hiver, 4.
Osborn, C.J., & Davis, T.E. (1996). The supervision contract: Making it perfectly clear.
Clinical Supervisor, 14, 121-134.
Peake, T.H., Nussbaum, B.D., & Tindell, S.D. (2002). Clinical and counseling
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Theory/Research/Practice/Training, 39, 114-125.
Pettifor, J.L. (2004). Supervision. The CAP Monitor, 19(Summer), 1-2.
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practical guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ramos-Sanchez, L., Esnil, E., Goodwin, A., Riggs, S., Touster, L.O, Wright, L.K., et al.
(2002) Negative supervisory events: Effects on supervision satisfaction and supervisory
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9
counseling psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21,
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Saccuzzo, D.P. (2002). Liability for failure to supervise adequatetly: Let the brave
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Schultz, W. E., Sheppard, G. W., Lehr, R., & Shepard, B. (2006). Counselling ethics:
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Sutter, E., McPherson, R.H., & Geeseman, R. (2002). Contracting for supervision.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 495-498.
Thomas, J.T. (2007). Informed consent through contracting for supervision: Minimizing
risks, enhancing benefits. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 2221231.
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Vasquez, M. J. T. (1992). Psychologist as clinical supervisor: Promoting ethical
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Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 23, 196-202.
Veach, P.M. (2001). Conflict and counterproductivity in supervision – When
relationships are less than ideal: Comment on Nelson and Friedlander (2001) Journal of
Counseling Psychology, 48 (4), 396-400.
Vespia, K. M., Heckman-Stone, C., & Delworth, U. (2002). Describing and facilitating
effective supervision behaviour in counseling trainees. Psychotherapy: Theory,
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Watkins, C.E., Jr. (1997). Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. New York: Wiley.
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.
Worthington, R.L., Tan, J.A., & Poulin, K. (2002). Ethically questionable behaviors
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Multicultural References
Allen, J. (2007). A multicultural assessment supervision model to guide research and
practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 248-258.
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Ancis, J.R., & Ladany, N. (2001). A multicultural framework for counsellor supervision.
In L. J. Bradley & N. Ladany (Eds.), Counselor supervision: Principles, process, and
practice (3rd ed., pp. 63-92). Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
Arthur, N., & Collins, S. (2005a). Expanding culture-infused counselling in professional
practice. In N. Arthur & S. Collins, Culture-infused counselling: Celebrating the
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Barnett, J.E. (2007). In search of the effective supervisor. Professional Psychology:
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clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 10, 133-143.
Bernard, J.M., & Goodyear, R.K. (1998). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (2nd
ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Berkel, L.A., Constantine, M., & Olsen. E.A. (2007). Supervisor multicultural
competence: Addressing religious and spiritual issues with counselling students in
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Brinson, J. (2004). Recognizing our cultural biases as counsellor supervisors: A reflective
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Brown, M.T., & Landrum-Brown, J. (1995). Counselor supervision: Cross-cultural
perspectives. In J.G. Ponterotto, J.M. Casas, L.A. Suzuki, & C.M. Alexander (Eds.),
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Carey, D., & Marques, P. (2007). From expert to collaborator: Developing cultural
competency in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 26, 141-157.
Chen, E.C. (2001). Multicultural counselling supervision: An interactional approach. In
J.G. Ponterotto, J.M. Casas, L.A. Suzuki, & C.M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of
multicultural counselling (2nd ed., pp. 801-824). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Constantine, M. (1997). Facilitating multicultural competency in counselling supervision:
Operationalizing a practical framework. In D.B. Pope-Davis & H.L.K. Coleman (Eds.),
Multicultural counselling competencies: Assessment, education and training, and
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Constantine, M. (2003). Multicultural competence in supervision. In D.B. Pope-Davis,
H.L.K. Coleman, W.M. Liu, & R. Torporek (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural
competencies in counseling and psychology (pp. 383-391). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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Constantine, M., Warren, A.K., & Milville, M.L. (2005). White racial identity interactions in
supervision: Implications for supervisee’s multicultural counseling competence. Journal of
Counseling Psychology, 52, 490-496.
D’Andrea, M., & Daniels, J. (1997). Multicultural counselling supervision: Central
issues, theoretical considerations, and practical strategies. In D.B. Pope-Davis & H.L.K.
Coleman (Eds.), Multicultural counselling competencies: Assessment, education and
training, and supervision (pp. 290-309). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Divac, A., & Heaphy, G. (2005). Space for GRRAACCESS: Training for cultural competence in
supervision. Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 280-284.
Estrada, D., Frame, M.W., & Williams, C.B. (2004). Cross-cultural supervision: Guiding
the conversation toward race and ethnicity. Multicultural Counseling and Development,
32, 307-319.
Falender, C.A., & Shafranske, E.P. (2007). Competence in competency-based supervision practice:
Construct and application. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(3), 232-240.
Fong, M.L., & Lease, S.H. (1997). Cross-cultural supervision: Issues for the White
supervisor. In D.B. Pope-Davis & H.L.K. Coleman (Eds.), Multicultural counselling
competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision (pp. 387-405).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fukuyama, M.A. (1994). Critical incidents in multicultural counselling supervision: A
phenomenological approach to supervision research. Counselor Education &
Supervision, 34(2), 142-151.
Garret, M.T., Borders, L.D., Crutichfield, L.B., Torres-Rivera, E., Brothertton, D., & Curtis, R.
(2001). Multicultural supervision: A paradigm of cultural responsiveness for supervisors.
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29, 147-148.
Gatmon, D. Jackson, D., Koshkarian, L., Martos-Perry, N., Molina, A., Patel, N., et al.
(2001). Exploring ethnic, gender, and sexual orientation variables in supervision: Do they
really matter? Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29, 102- 113.
Gonzalez, R.C. (1997). Postmodern supervision: A multicultural perspective. In D.B.
Pope-Davis & H.L.K. Coleman (Eds.), Multicultural counselling competencies:
Assessment, education and training, and supervision (pp. 350-386). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
Helms, J.E., & Cook, D.A. (1999). Using race and culture in therapy and supervision. In
J.E. Helms & D.A. Cook (Eds.), Using race and culture in counselling and
psychotherapy: Theory and process (pp. 277-298). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
13
Hird, J.S., Tao, K.W., & Gloria, A.M. (2005). Examining supervisor’s multicultural
competence in racially similar and different supervision dyads. The Clinical Supervisor,
23, 107-122.
Hird, J.S., Cavalieri, C.E., Dulko, J.P., Felice, A.A, & Ho, T.A. (2001). Visions and
realities: Supervisee perspectives of multicultural supervision. Journal of Multicultural
Counseling and Development, 29, 114-130.
Holloway, E.L. (1995). Clinical supervision: A systems approach. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Inman, A.G. (2006). Supervisor multicultural competence and its relation to supervisory
process and outcome. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32, 73-85.
Martinez, R.P., & Holloway, E.L. (1997). The supervision relationship in multicultural
training. In D.B. Pope-Davis & H.L.K. Coleman (Eds.), Multicultural counselling
competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision (pp. 325-349).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Messinger, L. (2007). Supervision of lesbian, gay and bi-sexual social work students by
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