1.
Regarding the sequencing of genomes, which statement is true?
1. most of the human genome has been sequenced.
2. no eukaryotic genome has yet been sequenced.
3. DNA sequencing has revealed a complete lack of polycistronic
transcription
units in eukaryotic genomes.
4. eukaryotic genomes display a higher gene density than do prokaryotic
genomes.
2.
Compared to prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes in
general
1. are larger
2. have interrupted genes
3. display lower gene density
4. all of the above
3.
Based on the most recent analysis of the sequence of the human genome,
which is closest to the estimated number of human genes?
1. 3,000
2. 30,000
3. 100,000
4. 500,000
4.
Analysis of eukaryotic genomes has revealed that
1. large segments of genomes have undergone duplication during
evolution.
2. genes are never found within the introns of other genes.
3. genome size always correlates well with organism complexity.
4. transposons are rarely found in genomes.
5.
Analysis of the human genome has revealed that about half (or maybe
more) of the human genome seems to be composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
protein-coding genes.
ribosomal RNA genes.
transposons or transposon-like elements.
satellite sequences.
6. In general, a “model organism” used in genetics studies is one in which there
is a large body of genetic knowledge that has been compiled over decades of
genetic research. In addition, model organisms have available their DNA
sequences and collections of ______________________________ that make
detailed genetic analysis possible and efficient.
1.
2.
3.
4.
complete metamorphic systems
incomplete metamorphic systems
epigenetic developmental systems
strains with specific mutations
7. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can undergo both haploid and
diploid phases in its life cycle. The fusion of two haploid cells, one _____ and the
other _____ is followed by the formation of a diploid cell.
1.
2.
3.
4.
a; alpha
alpha; beta
plus; minus
ying; yang
8. The difference between a genetic screening experiment and a selection
experiment is that a screening experiment involves ___________________,
whereas a selection experiment creates conditions that _______________
irrelevant organisms.
1.
2.
3.
4.
temperature extremes; enhance
visual examination; eliminate
chemical removal; activate
complementation analysis; enhance
9. In the multi-step process of making a “knockout” mouse, the first type of
genetically altered mouse produced is called:
1. heterozygous knockout
2. chimeric
3. homozygous knockout
4. Mickey
10. RFLPs and minisatellites are commonly used in recombinant DNA
technology to
1.
2.
3.
4.
cleave DNA of interest.
generate pharmaceutical products of interest.
serve as recombinant DNA vectors.
map genes and do DNA fingerprints.
11. VNTRs are sections of DNA with the following characteristics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
variable amino acid substitutions, highly heterogeneous.
variable numbers of tandem repeats, highly uniform in the population.
variable numbers of tandem repeats, variable in the population.
various nucleotides transcribed repeatedly, homogeneous.
12. Short tandem repeats (STRs) are very similar to VNTRs, but the motif is
shorter (two to nine base pairs). The FBI and other law enforcement agencies
couple PCR with STRs analyses to
1.
2.
3.
4.
increase the number of records from two to nine for each suspect.
alter the genetic makeup of their agents.
establish databases against which suspects can be screened.
genetically type all individuals in any given country.
13. RFLPs are commonly used in gene mapping as
1.
2.
3.
4.
in situ hybridization probes.
supplements for restriction endonucleases.
genetic markers.
primers for PCR.
14. A DNA microarray (also called a DNA chip) can be used to
1.
2.
3.
4.
mutate genes of interest.
isolate genes from eukaryotic cell nuclei.
assay protein output from a genomic database.
scan a population of nucleic acids for abundance and mutations.
15. Under strictly controlled conditions, a probe can be used that will hybridize
only with its complementary sequence and not with other sequences that may
vary by as little as one nucleotide. What are such probes called?
1.
2.
3.
4.
short, variable repeats
VNTRs
microsatellites
allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs)