Rock and Roll !!
1. The basic rock from which all others are derived is:
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. bituminous
2. Rocks that are changes by heat and pressure are:
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. bituminous
3. Rocks that are fine-grained with no visible crystals:
a. cooled slowly
b. cooled while gas escaped
c. cooled fast
d. cooled at different rates
4. Igneous rocks that form from lava on the surface of the earth are called:
a. intrusive
b. extrusive
c. plutonic
d. external
5. Voids or openings in rocks that are left by gas pockets are called:
a. scoria
b. pumice
c. vesicles
d. obsidian
6. An example of a coarse grained igneous rock is:
a. obsidian
b. feldspar
c. pumice
d. granite
7. Igneous rocks containing iron and magnesium are named:
a. mafic
b. felsic
c. basaltic
d. granitic
8. Igneous rocks made of feldspar and silicon are named:
a. mafic
b. felsic
c. basaltic
d. granitic
9. Igneous rocks that are dark in color are:
a. basic
b. granitic
c. acidic
d. felsic
10. Igneous rocks that are large grained and are then erupted from volcanoes so that they
contain both large and small crystals are called:
a. obsidian
b. porphyry
c. pumice
d. tephra
11. Igneous rocks that cool deep inside the earth are called:
a. intrusive
b. invasive
c. extrusive
d. volcanic
12. Where do sediments ultimately end up?
a. river beds
b. ocean floor
c. plains
d. mountain tops
13. Sedimentary rocks are important because:
a. they form fossil fuels
c. they can be used to date the earth
b. they contain fossils
d. all of the above
14. Sedimentary rocks formed from the sediments of mechanical weathering are called:
a. detrital
b. chemical
c. precipitates
d. travertine
15. All of the following are chemical sedimentary rocks EXCEPT:
a. travertine
b. evaporates
c. precipitates
d. conglomerate
16. Precipitates form when:
a. minerals settle out of solution
b. water evaporates leaving minerals behind
c. acid dissolves minerals
d. calcium forms stalactites in caverns
17. Gravel sized particles form sedimentary rocks called:
a. sandstone
b. shale
c. conglomerate
d. coquina
18. Silt and clay sized particles will eventually form the sedimentary rock __________ .
a. conglomerate
b. sandstone
c. shale
d. siltstone
19. The sedimentary rock ________ is formed from crushed pieces of clam and oyster
shells.
a. chalk
b. limestone
c. travertine
d. coquina
20. The sedimentary rock ________ is found in caverns.
a. chalk
b. limestone
c. travertine
d. coquina
21. Rocks such as sandstone, which allow water to pass through them easily are:
a. permeable
b. impermeable
c. cap rocks
d. metamorphic
22. Siltstone is most likely to form:
a. On the bottom of a still lagoon
b. Near the end of a Raging river
c. Close to the edges of a babbling brook
d. At South County Sand and Gravel Bank
23. Which of the following correctly shows the formation of coal?
a. peat moss – ferns – bituminous – anthracite – lignite
b. ferns – peat moss – bituminous – lignite – anthracite
c. ferns – peat moss – lignite – anthracite – bituminous
d. ferns – peat moss – lignite – bituminous – anthracite
24. This type of metamorphism occurs during mountain building:
a. regional
b. contact
c. low-grade
d. high-grade
25. In this type of metamorphism you often can’t tell what the parent rock was:
a. regional
b. contact
c. low-grade
d. high-grade
26. This type of metamorphic rock has a layered or banded appearance:
a. foliated
b. marble
c. quartzite
d. non-foliated
27. Metamorphic rock whose parent was slate:
a. marble
b. granite
c. schist
d. quartzite
28. The foliated metamorphic rock gneiss comes from the parent material ___________:
a. granite
b. slate
c. limestone
d. sandstone
29. The parent material for marble is:
a. limestone
b. granite
c. mica
d. sandstone
30. The sedimentary rock sandstone is converted into this metamorphic rock:
a. granite
b. limestone
c. mica
d. quartzite
Soils, Erosion & Weathering
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 1-3
1. This horizon is made up of organic matter like
humus and leaf litter.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. O
2. This horizon is made up of partially weathered
bedrock.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. O
3. This horizon is mainly mineral matter that is
biologically active with some humus present.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. O
4. Leaching occurs in soils due to
a. wind
b. worms
c. water
d. heat
5. At which of the following locations would you most likely find a mature soil?
a. on a steep mountainside
b. in the Sahara Desert
c. in the Arctic tundra
d. in an undisturbed forest
Use the pie chart to the right to answer questions 6-9
6. Minerals are represented by this letter
7. Organic matter is represented by this letter
8. Air is represented by this letter
9. Which two components will fluctuate during
drought or flood conditions?
a. minerals & organic matter
b. mineral and water
c. water and organic matter
d. water and air
10. Frost wedging occurs because
a. ice reduces friction between rocks
b. when ice melts, it no longer supports the rocks so they fall
c. ice expands when it freezes causing rocks to break apart
d. none of the above
11. Which tool works best to separate grain sizes in soil?
a. a ruler
b. a sieve
c. a shovel
d. a beaker
12. Chemical weathering is more rapid in a _______ climate.
a. dry
b. tropical
c. cold
d. moderate
13. A soil that is mostly _________ would cause water to runoff instead of infiltrate.
a. clay
b. gravel
c. sand
d. organic matter
14. An example of mass wasting that is fast moving is
a. leaching
b. angle of repose
c. creep
d. landslide
15. Use the diagram below to classify a soil that is: 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay
a. silty loam
b. clay loam
c. loam
d. none of the above
Glaciers & Groundwater
1. Most of the water on the earth is
a. in rivers and ponds
c. trapped in the ground
b. evaporated in the atmosphere
d. frozen in glaciers & polar ice caps
2. Glaciers form in areas where
a. more snow melts in the summer than falls in the winter
b. more snow falls in the winter than melts in the summer
c.
3. Moraines are
a. piles of debris moved by glaciers
b. mountain peaks shaped by glaciers
c. valleys left by glaciers
d. ridges protruding between cirques
4. Scratches on rocks and bedrock due to glaciers scraping over them are called
a. striations
b. moraines
c. crevasses
d. cirques
5. The calving of a glacier causes
a. baby cows
c. icebergs
b. kettle lakes
d. drumlins
6. A huge chunk of ice (24 miles by 3 miles) broke off of the Antarctic ice shelf.
Scientists are worried that it might be a result of
a. excess snowfall
b. rising average temperatures
c. research by the National Snow and Ice Data Center
d. snow boarders
7. Glacial ice is more dense than ice cubes from your freezer because
a. glacial ice has salt dissolved in it.
b. glacial ice has air dissolved in it.
c. glacial ice is compressed by pressure
d. glacial ice is very cold
8. Glacial erratics are
a. boulders left by glaciers
c. glaciers that are never stationary
b. strange, fast moving glaciers
d. a person who studies glaciers
9. Crevasses form in glaciers because
a. meltwater erodes a deep crack in the glacier.
b. intense sunlight melts cracks in the glacier.
c. The plastic bottom layer of the glacier flows more slowly than the brittle upper
layer.
d. The plastic bottom layer of the glacier flows more quickly than the brittle upper
layer.
10. True or false? As a glacier flows, not all parts of it move at the same rate.
a. true
b. false
11. During the last ice age glacial ice reached as far south as what is now
a. Charleston, South Carolina
b. Houston, Texas
c. Block Island, Rhode Island
d. San Francisco, California
12. When the giant icesheet mentioned in question 11
a. temperatures increased
b. solar radiation deacreased
c. sea levels dropped
d. sea levels increased
13. The process of erosion and deposition can be explained as
a. movement and dropping of rock fragments
b. breaking and movement of rock
c. weathering of rock
d. wearing away, movement, and dropping of materials
14. When people remove vegetation, they _____ the erosion process
a. speed up
b. slow down
c. do not effect
15. ______ determines the amount of runoff
a. the permeability of the soil
c. the slope of the land
b. the amount of rain
d. all of the above
16. A/an _____ is a layer of permeable rock material containing water.
a. cave
b. water table
c. aquifer
d. dam
17. In dry seasons, some wells go dry because the ____ drops.
a. water table
c. dam
b. aquifer
d. clouds
18. Permeable soils cause more rapid _______ than do impermeable soils
a. runoff
b. groundwater
c. aquifer
d. infiltration
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 19 -22
19. Which letter represents the water table?
20. Which letter represents the zone of aeration?
21. Which letter represents the zone of saturation
22. Which well has run dry?
Weather
1. The scientific study of weather is called
a. oceanography
b. weatherology
c. meteorology
d. stormology
2. ______ is the gas that is the most abundant in the air.
a. oxygen
b. carbondioxide
c. water vapor
d. nitrogen
3. When cool, dense air from over the water flows inland, it’s called a
a. land breeze
b. sea breeze
c. polar easterly
d. jet stream
4. Sea and land breezes are caused because
a. the land heats and cools more quickly than the water.
b. the water heats and cools more quickly than the land.
c. air moves more easily over water than over land.
d. air moves more easily over land than over water.
e.
5. _____ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. ultra-panfantanmifulation (don’t choose this)
6. ______ is the transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another.
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. ultra-panfantanmifulation (don’t choose this)
7. Too much exposure to ____ can cause skin cancer.
a. chloroflurocarbons
b. ozone
c. carbon dioxide
d. ultraviolet radiation
8. Some scientists hypothesize that Earth’s ozone layer is being damaged by
a. ultraviolet radiation
b. chloroflorocarbons
c. plant life on earth
d. global warming
9. Chloroflorocarbons harm the ozone layer by
a. adding more ozone molecules
b. blocking ultraviolet radiation
c. destroying ozone molecules
d. increasing nitrogen levels
10. Reflection and absorption by clouds prevents some ___ from reaching the Earth.
a. ozone
b. radiation
c. water
d. smog
11. Ultra violet radiation can cause _____ in humans
a. sunburn
b. suntan
c. skin cancer
d. all of the above
12. A gas(es) that add to the greenhouse effect and thus global warming is
a. methane
b. carbon dioxide
c. water vapor
d. all of the above
13. The only substance that exists as a solid, liquid, and gas in earth’s atmosphere is
a. nitrogen
b. carbondioxide
c. water
d. pizza
14. Who invented the barometer?
a. Colicelli
c. Zabelicelli
b. Quanicelli
d. Torricelli
e. Leissicelli
15. Normal air pressure in millibars is
a. 14.7
b. 1013
c. 29.9
d. 1
16. Normal air pressure in inches of mercury is
a. 14.7
b. 1013
c. 29.9
d. 1
17. Normal air pressure in pounds per square inch is
a. 14.7
b. 1013
c. 29.9
d. 1
The following graph represents air pressure for a period of three days.
Use it to help answer questions 18 and 19
18. At which point on the curve would overcast conditions and possible precipitation be
most likely?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
19. At which point on the curve would the weather most likely have been clear and cold?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
20. Air pressure is greater ______ because more molecules of air are pushing down from
above.
a. in the stratosphere
b. at the top of a mountain
c. at sea level
d. on Tuesdays
21. In general, atmospheric pressure is greatest near Earth’s surface and ______ as you
move out towards space.
a. decreases
b. increases
c. stays the same
d. none of the above
22. Cold air is more dense than warm air therefore it has
a. higher pressure
b. lower pressure
c. equal pressure
d. decreasing pressure
23. A/An ________ is an instrument used to measure pressure .
a. thermometer
b. anemometer
c. barometer
d. hygrometer
24. After moisture condenses out of air and falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet or hail
we are experiencing ___________
a. evaporation
b. precipitation
c. condensation
d. transpiration
25. The ____ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to the Earth’s surface.
a. mesosphere
b. troposphere
c. stratosphere
d. ionosphere
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 26-29
26. As you go higher in the troposphere the temperature
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
27. As you go higher in the stratosphere the temperature
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
28. As you go higher in the mesosphere the temperature
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
29. As you go higher in the thermosphere the temperature
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
30. A/An ___________ is a large body of air that has the same properties as the surface
over which it develops.
a. air mass
b. cloud
c. tornado
d. front
31. A ________ is violent, whirling wind that moves over a narrow path on land.
a. thunderstorm
b. tornado
c. hurricane
d. monsoon
32. _______ humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum
amount that could be in the air at a certain temperature
a. total
b. partial
c. relative
d. saturated
33. A ________ forms where two air masses meet.
a. front
b. climate
c. flood
d. casual get together
34. When air holds all the water vapor it possibly can, we say it is
a. filled
b. saturated
c. concentrated
d. watery
35. High white feathery clouds usually associated with fair weather are
a. cumulus clouds
b. stratus clouds
c. nimbus clouds
d. cirrus clouds
36 . Thick puffy white clouds are called
a. cumulus clouds
c. nimbus clouds
b. stratus clouds
d. cirrus clouds
37. To keep track of pressure, weather maps are drawn with lines connecting points of
equal pressure. These lines are called
a. isobars
b. millibars
c. isotherms
d. contour lines
38. Fog is a ________ cloud that forms near the ground.
a. cumulus clouds
b. stratus clouds
c. nimbus clouds
d. cirrus clouds
39. The largest and most powerful of the severe storms is the
a. thunderstorm
b. tornado
c. front
d. hurricane
40. The amount of solar energy received at a particular location on Earth depends on the
a. wind patterns
b. temperature
c. angle at which sunlight strikes the earth
d. all of the above
41. Large bodies of water will cause coastal areas to have ______ temperatures in the
summer than areas that are inland.
a. cooler
b. warmer
c. more variable
d. drier
42. Rhode Island becomes cold in the winter because
a. the earth is farther from the sun at that time
b. the winds shift to the north at that time
c. low pressures allow cooling at that time
d. RI receives indirect solar radiation (the sun is not directly overhead)
43. A maritime polar air mass is
a. moist and warm
c. dry and warm
b. moist and cool
d. dry and cool
44. A continental tropical air mass is
a. moist and warm
c. dry and warm
b. moist and cool
d. dry and cool
45. The calm center of a hurricane is called the
a. nucleus
c. cyclone
b. doldrums
d. eye
46. Air masses move from areas of
a. high pressure to low pressure
c. high altitude to low altitude
b. low pressure to high pressure
d. low altitude to high altitude
47. If a cool air mass overtakes a warm air mass
a. the cool air wedges under the warm air
temperature
c. clouds will form
b. there will be a change in
d. all of the above
48. R.J. Heim from Weather Team 10 recorded a wind speed at TF Green airport of 47
miles per hour. He used a/an ________to measure wind speed.
a. thermometer
b. anemometer
c. hygrometer
d. barometer
49. Which of the following statements about clouds is true?
a. Clouds reflect sunlight during the day keeping the earth cooler.
b. Clouds keep the earth cooler at night because they absorb heat.
c. Clouds keep the earth warmer during the day because they absorb sunlight.
d. Clouds are made up with rain drops and snow flakes.
50. Snow is produced when
a. when rain drops freeze
b. as water vapor crystalizes
c. after it has left the cloud
the cloud
d. as ice nuclei go up and down in
51. Wind makes the human body feel colder because
a. the wind is at a lower temperature than the air.
b. Humans are not very good thermometers.
c. Wind increases the heat loss from our bodies.
d. We don’t have enough clothing on to stay warm.
52. The annual temperature range in the southern hemisphere is generally lower than in
the northern hemisphere because
a. Australia is the coolest.
b. Land in the southern hemisphere is closer to the poles.
c. The southern hemisphere does not receive as much solar radiation.
d. There is more water in the southern hemisphere which moderates the
temperatures.
For 53 – 54 Match the column on the left with one of the processes on the right.
53. water vapor coming up off a lake
a. condensation
54. morning dew forming on the grass
b. evaporation
55. sleet forming in the sky
c. sublimation
56. morning frost on the grass
d. freezing
e. Deposition
57. Stationary fronts
a. are represented on weather maps with the symbol
b. are fast moving
c. occur when the position of the front does not move
d. do not involve warm or cool air masses
58. A warm front
a. Develops when a warm air mass sinks below a cold air mass.
b. Develops when a warm air mass slides over a departing cold air mass.
c. Forces a warm air mass up between two cool air masses
d. Never produces cloud cover.
59. Which area on the globe below receives the least amount of solar radiation per square
mile?
a. A.
b. B
c. C
d. D
60. How does the changing angle of incoming sunlight as you move from the equator
towards the north pole effect climate
a. the amount of solar radiation decreases
b. the temperature increases
c. sunlight hits the earth almost directly overhead
d. more sunlight is absorbed
Questions 61-66 refer to the weather station model to the right
61. The wind speed is approximately
a. 15 knots
b. 2 knots
knots
c. 35 knots
d. 132
62. the wind direction is
a. north
west
b. south
c. east
d.
63. Cloud cover is about
a. 25%
100%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d.
64. Cloud type is
a. stratus
cirrus
b. cumulus
c. cumulonimbus
d.
65. The temperature is
a. 35º
132º
b. 15º
c. 13.2º
d.
c. 132 mb
d.
66. The barometric pressure is
a. 35 inches
b. 913.2 mb
1013.2 mb
67. Which of the following weather station models is represented below based on the
following data?
Temperature
30º
Wind Direction
northeast
Wind Speed
20 knots
Barometric Pressure
1029.2 mb
Cloud Type
altostratus
Precipitation
snow
% Cloud Cover
9/10
a.
b.
c.
d.
questions 68 – 71 refer to the diagram of the hydrologic cycle below
68. Which process is represented by the arrow labeled A in the diagram?
a. evaporation
b. condensation
c. precipitation
d. transpiration
69. Which process is represented by the arrow labeled B in the diagram?
a. evaporation
b. condensation
c. precipitation
d. transpiration
70. Which process is represented by the arrow labeled C in the diagram?
a. evaporation
b. condensation
c. precipitation
d. transpiration
71. Which process is represented by the arrow labeled D in the diagram?
a. evaporation
b. condensation
c. precipitation
d. transpiration
Lab Practical:
72. Calculate the relative humidity of the room.
Dry Bulb Temperature:
Wet Bulb Temperature:
Relative Humidity
73. Phew! You made it to the summit of Mt. Everest. The thermometer reads -20C but
the wind is blowing at a steady 30 km/hr.
a.
What is the wind chill equivalent temperature?
b. What temperature is the brass summit marker?