Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
True/False Questions
1. Object-oriented analysis (OOA) techniques are used to (1) study existing objects to
see if they can be reused or adapted for new uses; and (2) define new or modified
objects that will be combined with existing objects into a useful business computing
application.
Answer: True Page: 370 LOD: Medium
2. An object is something that is or is capable of being seen, touched, or otherwise
sensed, and about which users store data and associate behavior.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
3. Attributes are the data that represents characteristics of interest about an object.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
4. An attribute is something that is or is capable of being seen, touched or otherwise
sensed, and about which users store data and associate behavior.
Answer: False Page: 372 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This describes an object, not an attribute.
5. Behavior refers to those things that the object can do and that correspond to functions
that act on the object's data (or attributes). This is commonly referred to as a method,
operation or service.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
6. Behavior is the packaging of several items together into one unit.
Answer: False Page: 372 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This describes encapsulation, not behavior.
7. An object class is a set of object instances that share the same attributes and behavior.
Answer: True Page: 373 LOD: Easy
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8. An object instance is a set of object classes that share the same attributes and behavior.
Answer: False Page: 373 LOD: Medium
Rationale: An object class is a set of object instances that share the same attributes and
behavior.
9. Inheritance means that methods and attributes defined in an object class can be
inherited or reused by another object class.
Answer: True Page: 373 LOD: Easy
10. A supertype is an object class whose instances store attributes that are common to one
or more subtypes of the object class.
Answer: True Page: 374 LOD: Easy
11. A subtype is an object class whose instances store attributes that are common to one or
more supertypes of the object class.
Answer: False Page: 374 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A supertype is an object class whose instances store attributes that are
common to one or more subtypes of the object class.
12. An object class relationship is a natural business association that exists between one or
more object classes.
Answer: True Page: 376 LOD: Easy
13. A message is passed when one object invokes one or more of another object's methods
(behaviors) to request information or some action.
Answer: True Page: 378 LOD: Easy
14. An attribute is passed when one object invokes one or more of another object's
methods (behaviors) to request information or some action.
Answer: False Page: 378 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A message is passed when one object invokes one or more of another
object's methods (behaviors) to request information or some action.
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15. Polymorphism means "many forms." Applied to object-oriented techniques, it means
that the same named behavior may be completed differently for different object
classes.
Answer: True Page: 380 LOD: Easy
16. Encapsulation means "many forms." Applied to object-oriented techniques, it means
that the same named behavior may be completed differently for different object
classes.
Answer: False Page: 380 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Polymorphism means "many forms." Applied to object-oriented
techniques, it means that the same named behavior may be completed differently for
different object classes.}
17. Use case diagrams graphically depict the interactions between the system and external
systems and users. In other words, they graphically describe who will use the system
and in what ways the user expects to interact with the system.
Answer: True Page: 382 LOD: Easy
18. Activity diagrams depict the sequential flow of a use case or business process.
Answer: True Page: 382 LOD: Medium
19. Class diagrams depict the system's object structure. They show object classes that the
system is composed of as well as the relationships between those classes.
Answer: True Page: 382 LOD: Easy
20. There are thirteen diagrams used in UML 2.0.
Answer: True Page: 381 LOD: Medium
21. The current version of UML is 3.0.
Answer: False Page: 371 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The current version of UML is 2.0.
22. The UML does not prescribe a method for developing systems – only a notation for
modeling.
Answer: True Page: 371 LOD: Medium
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23. Class diagrams model how events can change the state of an object class over its
lifetime.
Answer: False Page: 382 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This describes State Machine diagrams.
24. A subtype can have a behavior with the same name as a behavior in it's supertype.
Answer: True Page: 380 LOD: Medium
25. The only way to access or change an object's attributes is through that object's
behaviors.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Medium
26. If exam is an object class, then your exam paper is an object instance.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
27. An object class can be referred to simply as a class.
Answer: True Page: 373 LOD: Easy
28. A Student object class and a Teacher object class would have a supertype/subtype
relationship.
Answer: False Page: 373-375 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Both Student and Teacher would be subtypes of a Person object class.
29. The concept of multiplicity is essentially the same concept as cardinality in data
modeling
Answer: True Page: 378 LOD: Easy
30. In UML 2.0 the notation for composition has been dropped.
Answer: False Page: 378 LOD: Medium
Rationale: In UML 2.0 the notation for aggregation has been dropped.
31. Composition is drawn with a filled diamond.
Answer: True Page: 378 LOD: Medium
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32. One of the UML 2.0 diagrams is the collaboration diagram.
Answer: False Page: 382 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The collaboration diagram was renamed the communication diagram in
UML 2.0.
33. The UML version 1.0 was released in 1997.
Answer: True Page: 371 LOD: Easy
34. An activity diagram can be used to model logic with the system.
Answer: True Page: 382 LOD: Medium
35. A student object class might have a behavior called withdrawFromUniversity.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
36. A student object class might have am attribute called withdrawFromUniversity.
Answer: True Page: 372 LOD: Easy
Rationale: That would be a behavior, not an attribute.
37. Multiplicity is the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one object class
for a single occurrence of the related object class.
Answer: True Page: 378 LOD: Easy
38. Aggregation is a stronger form of composition.
Answer: False Page: 378 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Composition is a stronger form of aggregation.
39. In an e-commerce information system the relationship of a shopping cart object class
to a shopping cart item object class would be a generalization/specialization.
Answer: False Page: 378 LOD: Medium
Rationale: It would a composition relationship.
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40. In object-oriented analysis, the requirements use-case model is used as is.
Answer: False Page: 383 LOD: Easy
Rationale: The requirements use-case model is refined into an analysis use-case
model.
41. Once all the requirements use cases have been reviewed and approved by the users,
each use case will be refined to include more information to specify the system
functionality in detail. The resulting use cases are called analysis use cases and should
represent any implementation specifics.
Answer: False Page: 383 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The analysis use cases should still be implementation independent.
42. A use case may contain complex functionality consisting of several steps that are
difficult to understand. To simplify the use case and make it more easily understood,
we could extract the more complex steps into their own use cases. This type of use
case is called an extension use case in that it extends the functionality of the original
use case.
Answer: True Page: 384 LOD: Easy
43. An abstract use case represents a form of "reuse."
Answer: True Page: 384 LOD: Easy
44. An abstract use case is available for referencing (or use) by any other use case that
requires its functionality.
Answer: True Page: 384 LOD: Easy
45. New use cases may be added during object-oriented analysis.
Answer: True Page: 384 LOD: Easy
46. New actors may be added to a use-case diagram during object-oriented analysis.
Answer: True Page: 383 LOD: Easy
47. In composition, the "whole" is responsible for the creation and destruction of its parts.
Answer: True Page: 378 LOD: Medium
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48. A class is said to be persistent if it outlives the execution of a program.
Answer: True Page: 405 LOD: Easy
49. The steps of a use case can be modeled with an activity diagram.
Answer: True Page: 390 LOD: Easy
50. An activity diagram begins with an initial node.
Answer: True Page: 391 LOD: Easy
51. At least one activity diagram can be constructed for each use case.
Answer: True Page: 391 LOD: Easy
52. To specify who does what, you can divide an activity diagram into flows.
Answer: False Page: 391 LOD: Medium
Rationale: To specify who does what, you can divide an activity diagram into
partitions.
53. Every flow on an activity diagram needs words to identify them.
Answer: False Page: 391 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Most flows do not need words to identify them unless coming out of
decisions.
54. On an activity diagram all actions coming into a fork must be completed before
processing continues.
Answer: False Page: 391 LOD: Medium
Rationale: On an activity diagram all actions coming into a join must be completed
before processing continues.
55. On an activity diagram a subactivity indicator indicates a separate activity diagram.
Answer: True Page: 391 LOD: Medium
56. A system sequence diagram depicts the interaction between an actor and the system
for a use case scenario.
Answer: True Page: 394 LOD: Medium
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57. In a system sequence diagram lifelines indicate the period of time when the participant
is active in the interaction.
Answer: False Page: 394 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Activation bars indicate the period of time when the participant is active in
the interaction
58. In a system sequence diagram an input message called finalizeOrder would be proper
according to UML convention.
Answer: True Page: 394 LOD: Easy
59. In a system sequence diagram a frame can show loops or optional steps.
Answer: True Page: 395 LOD: Easy
60. An object association matrix is a tool for prioritizing use cases.
Answer: False Page: 400 LOD: Medium
Rationale: An object association matrix is a tool for determining object class
relationships.
61. Every object class should have a primary key attribute identified.
Answer: False Page: 405 LOD: Medium
Rationale: There is no need in a class diagram to include a primary key attribute unless
it is a real business attribute.
62. There is no need for foreign keys in a class diagram.
Answer: True Page: 405 LOD: Medium
Multiple Choice Questions
63. The data associated with an object are called:
A) behaviors
B) attributes
C) inheritance
D) encapsulation
E) polymorphism
Answer: A Page: 372 LOD: Easy
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64. In object-oriented analysis we evolve the requirements use case model into the
analysis use-case model by performing the following steps:
A) identify, define and document new actors
B) identify, define and document new use cases
C) .identify any reuse possibilities
D) refine the use case model diagram
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 383 LOD: Medium
65. The messages of a use case can be graphically depicted with a(n):
A) system analysis use case
B) use case diagram
C) activity diagram
D) system sequence diagram
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 394 LOD: Medium
66. In an activity diagram you would combine flows that were previously separated by
decision using a(n):
A) merge
B) fork
C) join
D) connector
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 391 LOD: Medium
67. If an object class outlives the execution of the program, it is said to be:
A) permanent
B) transient
C) persistent
D) an instance
E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 405 LOD: Medium
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Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
68. Which of the following people were not involved in developing object-oriented
analysis?
A) Grady Booch
B) E.F. Codd
C) Ivar Jacobson
D) James Rumbaugh
E) all of these were involved in developing object-oriented analysis
Answer: B Page: 370-371 LOD: Hard
69. A set of modeling conventions that is used to specify or describe a software system in
terms of objects is:
A) data flow diagrams
B) object flow diagrams
C) attribute object diagrams
D) unified modeling language
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 370 LOD: Medium
70. The packaging of an object with its behaviors is called:
A) behaviors
B) attributes
C) inheritance
D) encapsulation
E) polymorphism
Answer: D Page: 372 LOD: Easy
71. Those things that an object can do and that correspond to functions that act on the
object's data (or attributes) is known as a(n):
A) method
B) behavior
C) operation
D) service
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 372 LOD: Hard
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Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
72. Which type of class relationship can be described as "is part of" or "is composed of"?
A) generalization/specialization
B) association
C) aggregation
D) multiplicity
E) inheritance
Answer: C Page: 378 LOD: Medium
73. The condition where the methods and/or attributes defined in an object class can be
inherited or reused by another object class is known as:
A) encapsulation
B) generalization
C) inheritance
D) specialization
E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 373 LOD: Medium
74. A technique wherein the attributes and behaviors are common to several types of
object classes are grouped into their own class, called a supertype, is known as:
A) encapsulation
B) generalization
C) inheritance
D) generalization/specialization
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 373 LOD: Medium
75. An object class whose instances inherit some common attributes from a class
supertype and then add other attributes that are unique to its instances is known as:
A) a supertype
B) a subtype
C) a behavior
D) a message
E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 374 LOD: Medium
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76. What defines how many instances of one object class can be associated with one
instance of another object class?
A) associativity
B) multiplicity
C) relationship
D) inheritance
E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 378 LOD: Medium
77. Diagrams that depict the system's object structure and show object classes that the
system is composed of as well as the relationships between those object classes are
known as:
A) use case diagrams
B) class diagrams
C) object diagrams
D) sequence diagrams
E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 382 LOD: Medium
78. Which type of class relationship can be described as "is a"?
A) generalization/specialization
B) association
C) aggregation
D) multiplicity
E) inheritance
Answer: A Page: 374 LOD: Medium
79. In a Class Diagram a multiplicity of zero or more would be designated by:
A) 0..*
B) 0-*
C) a crow's foot
D) a 0 and a vertical line
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 377 LOD: Easy
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80. Which kind of diagram shows aggregation?
A) activity diagram
B) class diagram
C) system sequence diagram
D) class relationship diagram
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 405 LOD: Medium
81. In a system sequence diagram, the system is depicted as:
A) a single box
B) one or more rounded rectangles
C) lifelines
D) object classes
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 394 LOD: Medium
82. Which of the following can NOT be shown in a system sequence diagram?
A) a receiver actor
B) loops
C) optional steps
D) object classes
E) system outputs
Answer: C Page: 394-395 LOD: Medium
83. Which of the following can NOT be shown in an activity diagram?
A) decisions
B) concurrent actions
C) actors
D) UML convention for messages
E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 391 LOD: Medium
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84. Which of the following messages uses proper UML notation?
A) Item Selections
B) ItemSelections(items, quantities)
C) ItemSelections(Items, Quantities)
D) itemSelections(items, quantities)
E) Itemselections(ITEMS,QUANTITIES)
Answer: C Page: 394 LOD: Medium
Fill in the Blank Questions
85. The use case _____________________________ is used to textually describe the
sequence of steps of each interaction.
Answer: narrative Page: 382 LOD: Medium
86. ________________________ diagrams depict the system's object structure. They
show object classes that the system is composed of as well as the relationships
between those classes.
Answer: Class
Page: 382 LOD: Medium
87. _____________________________ diagrams depict the interaction between an actor
and the system for a use case scenario.
Answer: System sequence Page: 394 LOD: Medium
88. __________________________________ diagrams graphically depict how objects
interact with each other via messages in execution of a use case or operation. They
illustrate how messages are sent and received between objects and in what sequence.
Answer: Sequence Page: 382 LOD: Hard
89. ___________________________________ are set over the lifelines in a system
sequence diagram to indicate the period of time when the participant is active in the
interaction.
Answer: Activation bars
Page: 394 LOD: Medium
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90. A behavior in a subtype is said to _____________ a behavior with the same name in
its supertype.
Answer: override
Page: 380 LOD: Hard
91. In an activity diagram the diamond shape is used to represent a __________ or a
____________.
Answer: decision, merge
Page: 391 LOD: Medium
92. In an activity diagram a rake symbol is used to represent a ______________________.
Answer: subactivity indicator (action broken out in another activity diagram)
Page: 391 LOD: Medium
93. In an activity diagram a black bar with tow or more flows coming in an one flow
going out is called a ________________.
Answer: join
Page: 391 LOD: Medium
94. To show who does what in an activity diagram you would divide it into
_____________.
Answer: partitions (swimlanes)
Page: 391 LOD: Medium
95. To show loops in a system sequence diagram you would use a _____________.
Answer: frame
Page: 395 LOD: Medium
96. _____________________________. is a relationship in which one larger "whole"
class contains one or more smaller "parts" classes.
Answer: Aggregation (or composition)
Page: 378 LOD: Medium
97. If an object class called Supplier has a behavior called sendEmail and an object class
called Customer has a behavior called sendEmial, that is an example of
___________________.
Answer: polymorphism
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Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
98. The version of the use case created during requirements analysis is called a(n)
______________________ use case.
Answer: requirements
Page: 383 LOD: Hard
99. If Supplier was an object class, supplier phone number would be a(n)
__________________.
Answer: attribute Page: 372 LOD: Medium
100. A use case may contain complex functionality consisting of several steps that are
difficult to understand. To simplify the use case and make it more easily understood,
we could extract the more complex steps into their own use cases. This type of use
case is called a(n) ______________________________ use case in that it extends the
functionality of the original use case.
Answer: extension
Page: 384 LOD: Hard
101. A(n) ________________________________ use case can be invoked only by the use
case it is extending.
Answer: extension
Page: 384 LOD: Hard
102. A(n) ___________________________ use case is used to define a use case that has a
sequence of common steps that can be used by other use cases. It represents a form of
"reuse."
Answer: abstract
Page: 384 LOD: Hard
103. ___________________ is a stronger form of __________________.
Answer: Composition, aggregation
Page: 378 LOD: Hard
104. _________________________________ is a type of association that is often referred
to as a whole/part relationship..
Answer: Aggregation (composition)
Page: 405 LOD: Medium
105. An object class is said to be ______________________________ if it outlives the
execution of a program.
Answer: persistent
Page: 405 LOD: Hard
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106. When a class is persistent, it means the objects the class describes will be stored in a
_____________________________________.
Answer: database Page: 405 LOD: Hard
107. Object classes that are created temporarily by a software program are called
______________________.
Answer: transient objects
Page: 405 LOD: Hard
108. UML 1.0 was released in the year _________.
Answer: 1997
Page: 371 LOD: Hard
109. ___________________________________ techniques are used to (1) study existing
objects to see if they can be reused or adapted for new uses; and (2) define new or
modified objects that will be combined with existing objects into a useful business
computing application.
Answer: Object-oriented analysis (OOA) Page: 370 LOD: Hard
110. ____________________________ is a technique for identifying objects within the
systems environment and the relationships between those objects.
Answer: Object modeling Page: 360 LOD: Hard
111. The _________________________________________ is a set of modeling
conventions that is used to specify or describe a software system in terms of objects.
Answer: Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Page: 371 LOD: Hard
112. A(n) ______________________________ is something that is, or is capable of being
seen, touched, or otherwise sensed, and about which users store data and associate
behavior.
Answer: object
Page: 372 LOD: Medium
113. _______________________________ are the data that represent characteristics of
interest about an object.
Answer: Attributes
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Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
114. _________________________ refers to those things that the object can do and that
correspond to functions that act on the object's data (or attributes). This is commonly
referred to as a method, operation or service.
Answer: Behavior
Page: 372 LOD: Hard
115. _________________________________ is the packaging of several items together
into one unit. It is also called information hiding.
Answer: Encapsulation
Page: 372 LOD: Hard
116. A(n) ___________________________ is a set of objects that share the same attributes
and behavior. It is sometimes referred to as an object class.
Answer: object class
Page: 373 LOD: Hard
117. ___________________________________ means that methods and attributes defined
in an object class can be inherited or reused by another object class.
Answer: Inheritance Page: 373 LOD: Medium
118. ___________________________________ is a technique wherein the attributes and
behaviors that are common to several types of object classes are grouped into their
own class, called a supertype. The attributes and methods of the supertype object
class are then inherited by those object classes.
Answer: Generalization/specialization
Page: 373 LOD: Hard
119. A(n) _______________________________ is an object whose instances store
attributes that are common to one or more class subtypes of the object.
Answer: supertype Page: 374 LOD: Medium
120. A(n) _____________________________ is an object class whose instances inherit
some common attributes from a class supertype and then add other attributes that are
unique to an instance of it.
Answer: subtype Page: 374 LOD: Medium
121. A(n) ________________________________________ is a natural business
association that exists between one or more object/classes.
Answer: object class relationship
Page: 376 LOD: Hard
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122. ___________________________________ defines how many instances of one
object/class can be associated with one instance of another object/class.
Answer: Multiplicity Page: 378 LOD: Medium
123. A(n) __________________________________ is passed when one object invokes
one or more of another object's methods (behaviors) to request information or some
action.
Answer: message Page: 378 LOD: Medium
124. _____________________________________ means "many forms." Applied to
object-oriented techniques, it means that the same named behavior may be completed
differently for different objects/classes.
Answer: Polymorphism
Page: 380 LOD: Hard
125. __________________________ diagrams depict the sequential flow of activities of a
use case or business process
Answer: Activity Page: 382 LOD: Easy
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