Fakulteta za podiplomski študij
Študijski program Interkulturni študiji – primerjalni študij idej in kultur
Univerza v Novi Gorici in Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU
ANTROPOLOŠKI MODUL
ANTROPOLOGIJA ZDRAVJA, BOLEZNI IN ZDRAVLJENJ
koordinator modula
izr. prof. dr. Borut Telban
Več o podiplomski šoli na http://isik.zrc-sazu.si/
in na http://www.p-ng.si/si/
ANTROPOLOŠKI MODUL
Antropologija zdravja, bolezni in zdravljenj
koordinator modula: Borut Telban
Študijski program sestavljajo:
1. nabor predavanj, ki poglabljajo poznavanje medicinske antropologije;
2. nabor specializiranih tem, ki jih predavatelji/ce organizirajo okoli raziskovalnih tem
povezanih s študijskim področjem.
Medicinska antropologija, kot pomembno področje socialne in kulturne antropologije,
obravnava koncepte, s katerimi ljudje iz različnih kulturnih in družbenih okolij razlagajo
zdravje, bolezen, in zdravljenja; obravnava vse oblike zdravilstva, ideje in vedenje
zdravstvenih delavcev v različnih kulturnih okoljih, vključno z bolnišnicami v tehnološko
razvitem svetu. Primerja kompleksna verovanja, prakse in ideologije, ki so temelj tako
biomedicinskim kot kulturno-medicinskim zdravstvenim sistemom. Obravnava odnos
"zdrave" populacije, do tistih, ki jih označijo za "prizadete", samopodobo le-teh, kulturne in
družbene vzorce, ki določajo položaj in vlogo "bolnih". V zgodovinsko-kulturnem kontekstu
obravnava človekovo konstrukcijo drugačnosti kot podlago za odnos do bolnih in analizira
lokalne moralne svetove, ki določajo ta odnos.
Predavatelji bodo študentkam in študentom posredovali kritične razmisleke o aktualni
družbeni problematiki povezani z zdravjem in boleznijo v različnih kulturnih okoljih in
ponudili sveže odgovore na ključna vprašanja:
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Ali širjenje sodobnih biomedicinskih tehnologij obogati nekatere in osiromaši druge?
Globalno zdravje in biomedicinska intervencija.
Medicinski pluralizem in terapevtski aktivizem.
Kako razumeti psihiatrijo v različnih kulturnih okoljih?
Kako se predstave o telesu in interpretacije simptomov razlikujejo po svetu?
Kako kulturni in družbeni faktorji vplivajo na zdravje in bolezen?
Razlike v odnosu do smrti v različnih kulturnih, družbenih in zgodovinskih okoljih.
Rodnost, migracije in smrtnost.
Ali religija vpliva na zdravje in kako ga definira?
Kritična medicinska antropologija in socialno trpljenje.
Morala in etika v biomedicini in ljudski medicini.
Dodatno zanimanje slušateljev/ic za odgovore na zgornje teme in vprašanja bomo spodbujali
z njihovim vključevanjem v tekoče raziskovalne projekte. Antropološko terensko delo, kjer
bodo študenti in študentke intenzivno vključeni v problematiko in prakso, ki ju bodo
raziskovali, bo seveda nepogrešljiv del njihovega izobraževanja.
Pri izvedbi programa bodo sodelovali:
Gabriele Alex (University of Heidelberg), Allan Young (McGill University Montreal), Duška
Kneževič (ZRC SAZU Ljubljana), Borut Telban (ZRC SAZU Ljubljana), Majda Černič
Istenič (ZRC SAZU Ljubljana), Barbara Potrata (University of Manchester), Margot L. Lyon
(Australian National University Canberra).
EMOTION, EMBODIMENT AND AGENCY: IMPLICATIONS FOR
UNDERSTANDING HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND HEALING
LECTURER: Prof. dr. Margot L. Lyon
1 Duration
6 meetings: each meeting will comprise part lecture and part seminar-style discussion.
2 Aims
To provide an analytical framework for the study of concepts of embodiment and agency, and
to explore its implications for the understanding of the social foundations of health and
illness. The course includes discussion of the central role of an explicitly social understanding
of emotion in the explanation of agency including its bodily dimensions, and thus how a
social conception of emotion can facilitate the understanding of ‘social facts' as embodied
phenomena.
3 Content
Through an immense variety of interlocking bodily, socio-cultural and psychological
processes, human agents act to both reproduce and transform social structural formations.
Using specific examples that will be introduced through readings and lectures as well as video
clips (and I hope from students’ own experience), the course will explore particular
dimensions of these embodied processes. A series of analytical perspectives will be brought to
bear on our examples, drawn from sources in philosophical biology, neurobiology and
psychology, as well as from anthropology and sociology with particular reference to the study
of emotion. The relevance of these for the understanding of health and illness, normality and
pathology, as well as human subjectivity will be considered.
4 Connection to other courses
The course is closely connected to other courses within the anthropology module as well as
particular courses within other modules in the program.
5 Selected background readings
Freund, P. E. S. 1990. The Expressive Body: A Common Ground for the Sociology of
Emotions and Health and Illness. Sociology of Health and Illness 12(4):452-477.
Lenson, David. 1995. On Drugs. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lyon, Margot L. 1993 Psychoneuroimmunology: The Problem of the Situatedness of Illness
and the Conceptualization of Healing. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 17(1):77-97.
Lyon, Margot L. 1994 Emotion as Mediator of Somatic and Social Processes: The Example of
Respiration. Social Perspectives on Emotion Volume 2:83-108. Greenwich, Conn.:
JAI Press. 1994. [William M. Wentworth and John Ryan, eds.]
Lyon, Margot L. 1995 Missing Emotion: The Limitations of Cultural Constructionism in the
Study of Emotion. Cultural Anthropology 10(2):244-263.
Nichter, M. and N. Vuckovic. 1994. Agenda for an Anthropology of Pharmaceutical Practice.
Social Science and Medicine 39(11):1509-1525.
Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine. 1990. The Roots of Thinking. Philadelphia: Temple University
Press.
6 Student obligations
Written examination.
CONTEXTUALISING HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN SOUTH ASIA
LECTURER: Prof. dr. Gabriele Alex
1 Duration
5 meetings
2 Aims
The aim of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the medical landscape
in South Asia. The students will get acknowledged with the different medical systems of
South Asia and learn about their socio-cultural context. Foci will include among others:
Medical Pluralism, concepts of the body and ritual and religious healing. Furthermore
students will get introduced to some of the most prevalent burning health issues which South
Asia faces today. The role and the scope of applied medical anthropology will be discussed
among other more general concepts and theoretical approaches within Medical Anthropology.
3 Content
The following topics will be investigated:
1. South Asian medical systems, 'traditional' and 'modern' ways of creating health.
2. HIV/Aids in South Asia, problems, contexts and solutions
3. Reproductive health in its socio-cultural context
4. International Health in South Asia and the role of the Medical Anthropologist in it.
4 Connection to other courses
The course is closely connected to other courses within the anthropology module as well as
particular courses within other modules in the program.
5 Study literature
Beck, Brenda. 1976. The symbolic merger of body, space and cosmos in Hindu Tamil Nadu
CIS 10: 213-243.
Daniel, Valentine E.. and J. F. Pugh (eds.). 1984. South Asian Systems of Healing
(Contributions to Asian Studies18). Brill.
Farmer, Paul. 1997. AIDS and anthropologists: ten years later. Medical Anthropology
Quarterly 11 (4) 516-525.
Fuller, C. J. 1992. The Camphor Flame. Popular Hinduism in India (Ch.10: Rituals of
Misfortune). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Leslie, Charles. (ed.). 1976. Asian Medical Systems. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nichter, Mark and Mimi Nichter. 1996. Anthropology and International Health. Asian Case
Studies. Gordon and Breach Publishers.
Nichter, Mark and Margaret Lock. 2002. New Horizons in Medical Anthropology. London:
Routledge.
Pigg, Stacy Leigh. 2001. Languages of Sex and AIDS in Nepal: Notes on the Social
Production of Commensurability. Cultural Anthropology (Theme Issue “Anthropology
and/in/of Science”) 16(4):481-541.
6 Student obligations
Group work. Written examination.
PRODUCTION KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICAL SYSTEMS
LECTURER: Prof. dr. Allan Young
1 Duration
5 meetings
2 Aims
The goal of this course is to provide an analytical framework for investigating knowledge
production in traditional and contemporary medical systems.
3 Content
The course is organized around the concept of ‘epistemic cultures’. This notion is based on
the ideas and empirical work of anthropologist Edward E. Evans-Pritchard, physicianresearcher Ludwik Fleck, the author of classical studies of medical science Origin and
Genesis of a Scientific Fact, and the contemporary philosopher of science Ian Hacking. The
content of the course is heavily weighted to subjects of psychiatric interest, including ‘human
nature’/ ‘mind-brain-culture’ triad; ‘mental disorders’; ‘emotions’; ‘evidence’; and ‘efficacy’.
The lectures will articulate five perspectives: ethnographic, clinical, epistemological,
historical and evolutionary. A wide range of psychiatric conditions will be considered,
including culture-bound syndromes, with an emphasis on ‘trauma’ and ‘post-traumatic stress
disorder’ (PTSD), seen as historical products, ethnographic objects and clinical phenomena.
4 Connection to other courses
The course is closely connected to other medical anthropology courses and courses concerned
with the history of wars and man's history from the cultural viewpoint.
5 Study literature
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Hacking, Ian. 1999. The Social Construction of What? Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Littlewood, Roland. 2002. Pathologies of the West: An Anthropology of Mental Illness in
Europe and America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Tambiah, Stanley. 1990. Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Young, Allan. 1995. The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
6 Student obligations
Written examination.
ZDRAVJE, BOLEZEN IN SMRT V MELANEZIJI
NOSILEC: Prof. dr. Borut Telban
1 Obseg
5 predavanj
2 Cilji
Ker je Melanezija v marsičem eno izmed najbolj raznolikih področij v svetu (množica
jezikovnih skupin in kultur, razgibano ekološko in geografsko okolje, ki skupnosti majhnega
obsega prej ločuje kot pa združuje itd.) in ker je igrala pomembno vlogo v zgodovini
antropologije, bodo študentke in študenti skozi konkretne primere, prakse, kozmologije,
konceptualizacije življenjskega sveta in različne teoretične pristope antropoloških študij
vpeljani v problematiko zdravja, bolezni, zdravljenj in smrti v tem pacifiškem področju.
Študentke in študenti bodo spoznali, kako se univerzalni problemi rešujejo v specifičnih
lokalnih, kulturnih in nacionalnih okoljih ter kako se ustvarja razumevanje družbene
reprodukcije zdravja v različnih zgodovinskih, kulturnih, družbenih in političnih kontekstih.
3 Vsebina
Pri predmetu bodo študentke in študenti s pomočjo komparativne analize različnih
melanezijskih skupnosti in stalne refleksije, ki bo usmerjena v njim bolj domača evropska
področja, seznanjeni z mnogimi antropološkimi tematikami, ki so tesno povezane z zdravjem
posameznikov kot tudi skupnosti: s kozmologijami, z družbenimi in kulturnimi vidiki bolezni
ter z vsebinami, simboliko in pomeni ritualov (zdravilci, tabuji, iniciacijski obredi, divinacije,
posmrtni obredi itd.). Čeprav je trpljenje eksistencialna podlaga človekove izkušnje, pa se
bolezen ne doživlja zgolj kot individualna izkušnja, pač pa je v svoji interpretaciji, simbolni
logiki ter tesni čustveni povezanosti med ljudmi zelo socialna, saj črpa iz družbenih in
kulturnih pomenov in jih hkrati tudi ustvarja. Terapevtski odgovori ponudijo specifične
predstavitve vednosti/znanja določene skupnosti in zdravilcev, medtem ko je tisti, ki trpi,
umeščen v kontinuiteto lokalnih ekspresij in praks, ki so pri konstrukciji zdrave skupnosti in
zdravja posameznikov tesno povezane s kulturnimi in družbenimi temelji. Poleg poudarka na
kozmologijah in interpretacijah različnih zdravstvenih sistemov bodo obravnavane sledeče
teme: zdravje v povezavi z okoljem in prehrano, rodnost in smrtnost, konceptualizacija telesa
in osebe v različnih kulturnih okoljih, spol in zdravje, pomen sorodstvenih vezi in družbene
organiziranosti za zdravje posameznikov in skupnosti, iskanje vzrokov bolezni, konflikti,
nasilje in borbe za prestiž v povezavi z zdravjem, duhovi, čarovništvo in magija,
etnomedicina, medicinski pluralizem, medkulturna psihiatrija, biomedicina v očeh
neevropskih skupnosti, vplivi kolonializma, postkolonializma in globalizacije na spremembe
v načinih življenja in posledično na zdravje ter obolevanje, staranje, umiranje in smrt.
5 Študijska literatura
5.1 Temeljna
Damon, Frederick, Roy Wagner, ur. 1989. Death Rituals and Life in the Societies of the Kula
Ring. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
Forge, Anthony. 1970. Prestige, Influence, and Sorcery: A New Guinea Example. V: Douglas,
M., ur. Witchcraft, Confessions and Accusations. London: Tavistock, 257–275.
Frankel, Stephen. 1986. The Huli Response to Illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Frankel, Stephen, Gilbert Lewis, ur. 1989. A Continuing Trial of Treatment: Medical
Pluralism in Papua New Guinea (Culture, Illness, and Healing). Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
Herdt, Gilbert, ur. 1982. Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lewis, Gilbert. 1975. Knowledge of Illness in a Sepik Society. London: Athlone Press.
Lindenbaum, Shirley. 1979. Kuru Sorcery: Disease and Danger in the New Guinea
Highlands. Mayfield.
Stephen, Michele, ur. 1987. Sorcerer and Witch in Melanesia. Melbourne: Melbourne
University Press.
Telban, Borut. 1988. The role of medical ethnobotany in ethnomedicine: a New Guinea
example. Journal of Ethnobiology 8(2): 149–169.
Telban, Borut. 2001. Andaypa: eseji o smrti v novogvinejski skupnosti. Maribor: Obzorja.
5.2 Dopolnilna
Battaglia, Debbora. 1990. On the Bones of the Serpent: Person, Memory, and Mortality in
Sabarl Island Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Counts, Dorothy A., David R. Counts, ur. 1985. Aging and Its Transformations: Moving
Towards Death in Pacific Societies. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Fortune, Reo. 1963 (1932). Sorcerers of Dobu: The Social Anthropology of the Dobu
Islanders of the Western pacific. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Iteanu, André. 1990. The concept of the person and the ritual system: an Orokaiwa view. Man
(N. S.) 25: 35–53.
Lewis, Gilbert. 1980. Day of Shining Red: An Essay on Understanding Ritual. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Mimica, Jadran. 1996. On dying and suffering in Iqwaye existence. V: Jackson, Michael, ur.
Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 213–237.
Patterson, Mary. 1974–75. Sorcery and Witchcraft in Melanesia. Oceania 45: 132–60, 212–
34.
Rivers, W. H. R. 1912. The Primitive Conception of Death. The Hibbert Journal 10: 393–407.
Telban, Borut. 1998. Dancing through Time: A Sepik Cosmology. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
PREDSTAVITVE PREDAVATELJEV
(2005/2006, 2006/2007)
Prof. dr. Gabriele ALEX
Dr. Gabriele Alex is Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the South Asia
Institute, University of Heidelberg. She graduated at Berlin University and completed her
M.Sc. in Medical Anthropology at Brunel University, London. She received her doctorate
also from Brunel, with a thesis on childhood in rural Tamil Nadu, South India. She is
currently working on the healing practices and the health resource usage of a peripatetic
community in South India.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2004. Integration – eine zweiseitige Angelegenheit. In: Tauber, Elisabeth (ed.), Sinti und
Roma – eine Spurensuche.Arunda 67 Löwenzahn.
2005. Sex and the Body, Ethnologische Perspektiven zu Sexualität, Körper und Geschlecht.
Gabriele Alex and Klocke-Daffa (eds.), S. Transcript Verlag: Bielefeld.
2006. Integration und Parallelgesellschaften am Beispiel von Tamilen. In: Brosius, C. and U.
Goel (ed.) Masala.de. menschen aus Südasien in Deutschland, Draupadi: Heidelberg.
Dr. Majda ČERNIČ ISTENIČ
Docentka na Biotehniški fakulteti in znanstvena sodelavka na Inštitutu za medicinske vede
ZRC SAZU. Doktorirala je na Fakulteti za družbene vede leta 1994 in pridobila naziv
doktorice socioloških znanosti.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2000. Moč in uveljavljenost norme odgovornega starševstva v Sloveniji. V: Mandić, Srna, ur.
Kakovost življenja: stanja in spremembe. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede, 29–
42.
1998. Proces oblikovanja družine v Sloveniji. Družboslovne razprave 14 (27/28): 157–170.
1994. Rodnost v Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Znanstveno in publicistično središče.
Prof. dr. Duška KNEŽEVIĆ HOČEVAR
Znanstvena sodelavka na Inštitutu za medicinske vede ZRC SAZU. Doktorirala je leta 1998
na Fakulteti za podiplomski humanistični študij – ISH v Ljubljani in pridobila naziv doktorice
zgodovinske antropologije. Terensko delo opravlja med domačini zahodnega Žumberka in
doline spodnje Kolpe, v grškokatoliških in pravoslavnih skupnostih.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2003. Medijska govorica o nacionalni reprodukciji v postsocialistični Sloveniji. Teorija in
praksa 40 (2).
2000. Studying International Borders in Geography and Anthropology: Paradigmatic and
Conceptual Relations. Geografski zbornik 40: 81–98.
1999. Družbena razmejevanja v dolini zgornje Kolpe. Domačinska zamišljanja nacije in
lokalitete. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC.
Prof. dr. Margot L. LYON
Dr. Margot L. Lyon is a member of the School of Archaeology and Anthropology in the
College of Arts and Social Sciences at the Australian National University in Canberra.
Following undergraduate work in science at Cornell University, she obtained her doctorate in
anthropology from the University of California, Berkeley. She has done fieldwork in Java,
initially on a religio-political movement that developed in the wake of the ascension to power
of the Soeharto regime, and more recently on how changing economic and social conditions
come to be embodied in new social and bodily forms and practices and thus implicated in new
forms of subjectivity and action. At ANU she has developed teaching programs in critical
medical anthropology, the anthropology of emotion, and the anthropology of pharmaceuticals.
She also authored an integrated program on the social foundations of medicine that is a
required component in the curriculum of the ANU Medical School. Her theoretical interests
are primarily focused on the study of social approaches to emotion, particularly in regard to
how social-emotional processes constitute a crucial axis in the relationship between social and
bodily domains. In this work she seeks to explore how, through social-emotional processes,
particular social forms are actively embodied and thus how such processes are inherently
agential.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2003. Immune’ to emotion: The relative absence of emotion in PNI, and its centrality to
everything else. In: J. Wilce, ed. Social and Cultural Lives of Immune Systems.
London: Routledge. Pp.82-104.
1997. The material body, social processes, and emotion: ‘Techniques of the body’ revisited.
Body and Society 3(1):83-101.
1996. C. Wright Mills meets Prozac: The relevance of ‘social emotion’ to the sociology of
health and illness. In V. James and J. Gabe, eds. Health and the Sociology of Emotion.
[Sociology of Health and Illness Monograph Series]. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp. 55-78.
1995. Missing emotion: The limitations of cultural constructionism in the study of emotion.
Cultural Anthropology 10(2):244-263.
1994. Emotion as mediator of somatic and social processes: The example of respiration.
Social Perspectives on Emotion Vol.2: 83-108. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
1993. Psychoneuroimmunology: The problem of the situatedness of illness and the
conceptualization of healing. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 17(1):77-97.
Dr. Barbara POTRATA
Doktorirala je leta 2002 s delom Work of the Self: Spiritual Economy of New Age
Practitioners in Post-socialist Slovenia na oddelku za socialno antropologijo na Cambridge
University v Veliki Britaniji. Po doktoratu je bila znanstvena sodelavka na Centru za
preučevanje svetovnih religij na Harvardu (ZDA) kjer je sodelovala pri raziskavi z naslovom
Raziskava učinkovitosti zdraviteljskih modalitet za bolnice z rakom na prsih. Potem ko je
nekaj let delala v The School of Healthcare Studies, University of Leeds, trenutno deluje kot
raziskovalka v School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Christie Hospital NHS Trust
in na Univerzi v Manchestru. Njene znanstvene in strokovne publikacije so v pripravi.
Izr. prof. dr. Borut TELBAN
Višji znanstveni sodelavec v ZRC SAZU. Po diplomi iz farmacije na ljubljanski univerzi je
več kot tri leta raziskoval na Papui Novi Gvineji. Po doktoratu na oddelku za antropologijo,
Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, je bil
Leach/RAI Fellow na oddelku za socialno antropologijo na Univerzi v Manchestru, gostujoči
raziskovalec na Avstralski nacionalni univerzi v Canberri, predavatelj in predstojnik oddelka
za antropologijo na FHŠ Koper, gostujoči profesor na dunajski univerzi in Fulbrightov
štipendist na kalifornijski univerzi v San Diegu. Je član upravnega odbora European Society
for Oceanists.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2004. The People of the Lower Arafundi: Tropical Foragers of the New Guinea Rainforest.
Ethnology XLIII (2): 93-115 (soavtor: Roscoe, Paul).
2002. The role of a personal character in a New Guinea ritual. Journal of the Finnish
Anthropological Society 27(4): 2–18.
2001. Temporality of post-mortem divination and divination of post-mortem temporality. The
Australian Journal of Anthropology 12(1): 67–79.
2001. Andaypa: eseji o smrti v novogvinejski skupnosti. Maribor: Obzorja.
1998. Dancing through Time: A Sepik Cosmology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1997. Being and »non-being« in Ambonwari (Papua New Guinea) ritual. Oceania 67(4): 308–
325.
1988. The role of medical ethnobotany in ethnomedicine: a New Guinea example. Journal of
Ethnobiology 8(2): 149–169.
Prof. dr. Allan YOUNG
Profesor antropologije na Univerzi McGill v Kanadi. Je predstojnik oddelka za družbene
študije medicine in je hkrati vključen tudi v oddelek za antropologijo in oddelek za psihiatrijo.
Doktoriral je leta 1970 na Univerzi v Pennsylvaniji. Najbolj zgodnje etnografske raziskave je
opravljal v begemderskem področju etiopskega visokogorja. Temu so sledile raziskave v
katmandujski dolini v Nepalu. Financirala jih je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija z željo, da
bi uvedli ayurvedsko medicino v vladne biomedicinske zdravstvene postaje. Njegova knjiga
The Harmony of Illusions je bila nagrajena z Wellcome Medal for Research in Anthropology
as Applied to Medical Problems.
Izbor iz bibliografije
2002. The self-traumatized perpetrator as a “transient mental illness”. Evolution Psychiatrique
67: 630–650.
2001. Our Traumatic Neurosis and its Brain. Science in Context 14: 661–683.
1995. The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
1982. The anthropologies of illness and sickness. Annual Review of Anthropology. B. J.
Siegel, ur. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, 257–285.
1981/1982. When rational men fall sick: An inquiry into some assumptions made by medical
anthropologists. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 5: 317–335; 6: 21–34.
1976. Some implications of medical beliefs and practices for social anthropology. American
Anthropologist 78: 5–24.