Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: Where are cold environments and how have
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
they changed over time?
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 47 to 52
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 102 to 103
Glossary:
Ice age
Glacial retreat
Glacial
Interglacial
Stadial
Interstadial
Tundra
Quaternary Period
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 4.1 from David Waugh
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
1
Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: Why has climate changed over time?
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – page 48
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 103 to 105
Glossary:
Climatic Change
Incoming Radiation
Sunspot activity
Volcanic Dust
Ice core
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 4.6 – Milankovitch diagrams
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Antarctica and Greenland
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Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: What is the glacial system?
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 48 to 51
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 105 to 107
Glossary:
Sublimation
Ice sheet
Ice cap
Valley Glacier
Cirque Glacier
Piedmont Glacier
Polar Glacier (Polar ice)
Temperate Glacier (Temperate ice)
Firn (névé)
Diagenesis
Accumulation Zone
Ablation Zone
Firn (equilibrium) line
Glacial Budget (Mass Balance)
Surge
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 2.6 in Knill and Smith
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Obruchev Glacier – to be completed in class – a summary here after the lessons would help.
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Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: How do Glaciers move?
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 52 to53
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 107 to 109
Glossary:
Crevassing
Plastic deformation
Pressure melting point (PMP)
Surface velocity
Sub-surface velocity
Basal sliding
Slippage
Creep
Regelation
Bed deformation
Internal deformation
Laminar flow
Extending flow
Compressing flow
Supraglacial debris
Englacial debris
Subglacial debris
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 2.9 in Knill and Smith
Notes
Key points;
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
4
Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: Glacial landforms - Erosion
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 54 to 59
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 105 to 107
Glossary:
Landform
Cirque (corrie)
Arête
Pyramidal Peak
Glacial Trough (U shaped valley)
Truncated Spur
Hanging Valley
Striations
Crag and Tail
Roche Moutonnée
Weathering
Plucking
Abrasion
Rotational movement
Fjord
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 2.14 – a block diagram of glaciations features
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Here you will need to record located examples of each of these landforms;
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Topic: Fluvio-glacial environments and processes
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 63 to 65
Advanced Geography by Palmer and Yates, pages343 to 348
Glossary:
Meltwater
Outwash
Outwash or Fluvioglacial deposits
Horizontal sorting
Vertical stratification
Jökulhaulps
Ice Contract Drift
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Iceland -
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Topic: Fluvio-glacial landforms
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 63 to 65
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 119 to121
Canadian Landscapes – “Glacial meltwater landforms”
Glossary:
Outwash (Fluvio-glacial)
Meltwater (overspill) channels
Pro-glacial lake
Outwash plain (sandur)
Varves
Kettle holes
Dead Ice
Esker
(Delta) Kame
Kame Terrace
Braided Streams
Diagrams or maps:
Notes
How are fluvio glacial landforms different from
glacial ones?
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate,
Prove)
Case studies or examples
Proglacial lakes in Waugh
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Lesson Preparation sheet
Topic: Where are periglacial areas? What are
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
they like?
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 66 to 67
David Waugh “Geography: an integrated approach” pages 130 to 132
Glossary:
Periglacial
Permafrost
Sporadic permafrost
Discontinuous permafrost
Continuous permafrost
Frost Heave
Frost shatter or freeze thaw
Talik
Active layer
Nivation
Solifluction
Ice lenses
Ground contraction
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Greenland and Canada
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Lesson Preparation sheet
Topic: Periglacial Landforms
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 67 to 69
David Waugh “Geography: an integrated approach” pages 132 to 136
Glossary:
Sorted stone polygon
Ice wedges
Fossil Ice wedges
Open System Pingos
Closed system Pingos
Blockfields
Scree
Loess
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Any from Waugh
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
Northern Canada
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Lesson Preparation Sheet
Topic: Development, exploitation and conservation COLD ENVIRONMENTS
in Tundra areas
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 70 to 78
Glossary:
Lacustrine
Sustainability
Vuntut Gwitchin
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Oil exploration
Oil exploitation
Conservation area
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 2.41
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
1002 lands
10
Lesson preparation sheet
Topic: Exploitation and development in the
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Southern Ocean and Antarctica
Reading: AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 79 to 81
Glossary:
Antarctica
The Southern Ocean
Antarctic treaty
Madrid protocol
Expedition tourism
Food chain
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Figure 2.43
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
11
Topic: Glacial Deposition
COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Reading:
AQA Geography by Knill and Smith – pages 59 to 63
David Waugh, “Geography: an integrated approach”, pages 116 to 118
Glossary:
Drift
Till
Outwash (Fluvio-glacial)
Lodgement Till
Ablation Till
Till Sheets
Drumlins
Lateral Moraine
Medial Moraine
Terminal Moraine
Recessional Moraine
Push moraine
Ground moraine
Erratics
Notes
Diagrams or maps:
Questions to ask at the start of next lesson

Low level (Name, List, define, Recall, relate, Describe)

Medium Level (Explain, Compare, Classify, Justify, Apply)

Hard level (Speculate, Interpret, Analyse, Sequence, Summarize, Develop, Synthesise, Adapt, Judge, Rank, Evaluate, Prove)
Case studies or examples
12
Cold environments
Key Concept
Content
Cold environments What are cold environments?
Where are cold environments?
Reasons for climate change
Glacial
Glacial systems
environments
Glacial systems
Fluvio-glacial
environments
Peri-glacial
Environments
Exploitation and
development in
tundra areas
and the Southern
Ocean.
Case studies
Global
Global
Obruchev
Glacier, Ural
mountains,
Russia
Glacial movement
Glacial landforms – erosion and The Alps, The
deposition.
Lake District
Fluvio-glacial environments
Fluvio-glacial processes
Fluvio-glacial landforms
Various
locations in
Canada
Location and processes in periglacial areas
Location of peril-glacial areas
and permafrost
Landforms peri-glacial areas
Canada,
Greenland
Traditional economies, threats Alaska and
and conservation in the Tundra Canada
Traditional economies, threats The Southern
and conservation in the
Ocean and
Southern Oceans and
Antarctica
Antarctica
13
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